PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Intraocular fluid”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 901 records · Page 50Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Transconjunctival sinusotomy using the 193-nm excimer laser.

Successful surgical management of glaucoma is limited as a consequence of undesired fibroblastic response of episcleral tissues. In 10 rabbit and three human eye bank eyes, we have performed a modified sinusotomy procedure using the 193-nm excimer laser. The technique is minimally invasive. Conjunctiva is pulled over the corneoscleral limbus, and a slit-shaped (1 x 2 mm) excimer beam ablates through conjunctiva and external sclera until penetrating the outer wall of Schlemm's canal, at which time brisk egress of fluid is noted. The conjunctiva is allowed to retract, and a conjunctival bleb is formed. A single suture is used to close the conjunctival defect. Intraocular pressure in the rabbit eye was decreased from 10.0 +/- 1.8 to 4.9 +/- 1.8 mmHg immediately after surgery (p < 0.0001). Histology revealed a partial thickness, smooth-walled ablation consistent with a sinusotomy. This procedure is minimally invasive and may be useful for management of glaucoma, particularly when a substantial component of the impediment to aqueous outflow is external to the trabecular meshwork.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Renin, prorenin, and immunoreactive renin in vitreous fluid from eyes with and without diabetic retinopathy.

Renin, prorenin, and immunoreactive renin were present in vitreous and subretinal fluid of eyes from subjects with and without diabetic retinopathy. Renin substrate, albumin, transferrin, and immunoglobin G were also found in these ocular fluids. In many samples renin levels were close to the detection limit of the assay. The levels of renin substrate, albumin, transferrin, and immunoglobulin G varied widely among ocular fluid samples, but in each individual sample the levels were, relative to each other, similar to those in plasma. In contrast, the prorenin level in ocular fluid was up to 100 times higher than expected on the basis of the plasma protein content of ocular fluid. Moreover, there was little difference in prorenin concentrations between samples with low and high plasma protein contents. Prorenin, relative to albumin and other plasma proteins, was higher in vitreous fluid from eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy complicated by traction retinal detachment than in eyes of nondiabetic subjects with spontaneous retinal detachment. It appears that prorenin (and possibly renin) in ocular fluid is controlled by an active and specific process, possibly local synthesis within the eye. In view of the vascular actions of angiotensin II, an intraocular renin-angiotensin system may play a role in diabetic retinopathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Neurological manifestations of cytomegalovirus infection in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is one of the most important opportunistic infections in AIDS. The most common manifestation of neurological CMV disease in HIV infection is retinitis followed by encephalitis, polyradiculopathy, and multifocal neuropathy. Untreated necrotizing retinitis proceeds to blindness but can readily be diagnosed by ophthalmological examination. CMV polyradiculopathy presents as subacute leg weakness, paraesthesia, and urinary retention. Untreated patients develop ascending paralysis and die within weeks. Multifocal neuropathy commonly affects the radial, ulnar, and peroneal nerves but cranial nerves may also be involved. Confusion, cranial nerve palsies, and hyperreflexia are signs of ventriculoencephalitis, whereas the presentation of diffuse micronodular encephalitis is often asymptomatic. The diagnostic approach relies on the detection of CMV DNA in the cerebrospinal fluid for polyradiculopathy, encephalitis, and neuropathy. Neuroimaging can exclude other causes of encephalitis and polyradiculopathy. Ganciclovir, foscarnet, and cidofovir monotherapy are current medical treatment options. Intraocular administration can be used for refractory retinitis, but additional systemic prophylaxis is required to suppress extraocular disease. Ganciclovir and foscarnet have improved the prognosis of multifocal neuropathy and polyradiculopathy, but response rates for encephalitis are low. However, despite therapy survival of central nervous CMV disease is still limited to months. Recently highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has decreased the overall incidence of CMV disease in AIDS. Furthermore (HAART) has become a mainstay for CMV therapy by improving the patient's immunocompetence against CMV.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1998

[A case of post-traumatic Absidia corymbifera fungal endophthalmitis].

Exogenous fungal endophthalmitis is a rare postoperative and posttraumatic complication with, often, a dreadful prognosis. We report one case of Absidia corymbifera endophthalmitis after penetrating injury with a retained intraocular vegetable foreign body. We focus on the risk factors for the development of fungal endophthalmitis (vegetable foreign body, corticotherapy) and the importance of ocular fluid samples for stain and appropriate culture. In this case, the treatment associating contaminated tissue extraction and systemic and intravitreal administration of antifungal agents was efficient.

Absidia↗
PubMed1984

[A case of secondary ghost cell glaucoma with pseudohypopyon after cataract extraction].

A 75 year woman with chronic vitreous hemorrhage underwent extraction of a senile cataract. Surgery was complicated by the flow of brown fluid from the vitreous to the anterior chamber, which was not entirely removed. Post-operatively there was pain, 2 mm of brown hypopyon and intraocular pressure elevation to 60 mm Hg with the preoperative diagnosis of endophthalmitis, a pars plana vitreous tap and instillation of intravitreal antibiotics was performed. Bacterial cultures were negative and the presence of erythrocyte "ghost cells" established the diagnosis of hemolytic glaucoma. As medical management proved ineffective, a pars plana vitrectomy was performed. One year post-operatively the patient had a visual acuity of 0.4-0.5, normal intraocular pressure without medication and evidence of an old branch retinal vein occlusion. The mechanism of hemolytic "ghost-cell" glaucoma in this case is discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Ochrobactrum anthropi endophthalmitis after uncomplicated cataract surgery.

PURPOSE: To treat a case of Ochrobactrum anthropi endophthalmitis after uneventful cataract surgery. METHODS: A 66-year-old patient in good general health underwent uncomplicated cataract surgery in his right eye. Seven weeks later, pars plana vitrectomy with removal of the intraocular lens became necessary because of progressive low-grade endophthalmitis resistant to topical and systemic erythromycin, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, and colistin. RESULTS: Microbiologic examination of the vitreous biopsy, capsule, and anterior chamber fluid disclosed O. anthropi, a nonfermentative gram-negative bacillus sensitive to imipenem, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, and vancomycin. CONCLUSION: Ochrobactrum anthropi and its natural resistance against many antibiotics should be considered in the treatment of low-grade endophthalmitis after uneventful cataract surgery.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Non-additivity of maximal pilocarpine and cytochalasin effects on outflow facility.

Living cynomolgus monkeys received intracameral infusions of pilocarpine HCI (P)1 mg ml-1, followed by P + cytochalasin B (CB) 50 microgram ml-1; total outflow facility, measured by two-level constant pressure perfusion, tripled after P alone and then remained stable when CB was added. Other eyes received CB 25 micrograms ml-1 or 50 micrograms ml-1, followed by CB + P1 mg ml-1; facility quadrupled to sextupled after CB, but tended to decrease from those levels, although it remained above baseline, after P was added. The facility decrease accompanying the addition of P after CB might have related to the longer CB exposure, rather than to a specific P effect. These data indicate that despite different mechanisms of action and primary attack points on the outflow apparatus, near- or supramaximal P and CB doses are not additive, and are indeed mutually pre-emptive, in their facility increasing effect. These findings have implications in terms of trabecular-meshwork biophysics, fluid mechanics, and their pharmacological manipulation.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Design of a pressurization chamber for recordings of retinal blood flow in the "in vivo eyecup" preparation in the rat.

One major goal in our laboratory is development of an "in vivo eyecup" preparation in the rat. This preparation, which involves removal of the cornea and lens, maintains the normal vascular supply of the retina while allowing introduction of pharmacological agents into the medium that bathes this organ. Since we are interested in measuring retinal blood flow, it is sometimes necessary to repressurize the eye to maintain normal perfusion pressure across the retinal vasculature. The goal of this project was to develop a mechanism that allows repressurization of the in vivo eyecup after removal of the front of the eye. The basic design of this chamber consists of an eye ring to mechanically stabilize the eye and a pressurization chamber that attaches to this eye ring. The eye ring is connected to a base via a double hinged arm and can be locked in place. The pressurization chamber is attached to the top of this ring and sealed using an O-ring with a pressure fit. The top of the pressure chamber is composed of a clear polymer, allowing for photic stimulation of the retina, as well as introduction of laser light for blood flow determination. The pressure within the chamber is regulated by an elevated fluid-filled reservoir.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Anterior chamber tube shunt to an encircling band in the treatment of neovascular glaucoma.

A new procedure for neovascular glaucoma that has reduced intraocular pressure (IOP) significantly and has caused relatively few postoperative complications is introduced. Aqueous is shunted to the reservoir of an encircling no. 20 silicone band from which fluid is postulated to diffuse into the orbit. The anterior chamber tube shunt to an encircling band (ACTSEB) procedure was conducted in 19 eyes with neovascular glaucoma. After surgery 18 of the 19 eyes (95%) followed for periods ranging between five and 26 months (mean: 59 weeks) had controlled IOP using less than or equal to 20 mm Hg as normal, and one eye had partial control (eye 9) at 26 mm Hg. Despite the preoperative use of atropine sulfate, timolol maleate, acetazolamide, and 20% mannitol, the patients' average preoperative IOP was 54.1 mm Hg. After surgery the average IOP fell, dramatically, to 16.2 mm Hg. The mean change in IOP was 37.9 +/- 9.8 (SD). This change is statistically significant by the paired t-test, P less than 0.01. Minimal postoperative medications were required for pressure control. Postoperative complications included hyphema (21%), prolonged flat chamber (74%), localized peripheral lens opacity (5%), localized corneal opacity (5%), and possible acceleration of progressive cataract formation (25%). Results of current surgical procedures used to manage neovascular glaucoma are compared to the ACTSEB results.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Outflow facilities through Descemet's membrane in rabbits.

BACKGROUND: The outflow pathway in viscocanalostomy, a new procedure in glaucoma surgery, is unclear; however, outflow through Descemet's membrane has been postulated. This study evaluates outflow rates through Descemet's membrane at different IOP levels in rabbits. METHODS: 51 Descemet's membranes without endothelium from enucleated rabbit eyes were installed in a double-ring system, the Minuth sheet. Different intraocular pressure levels (20, 25, 30, 40, 50 mmHg) were applied to one side of the system. The system was filled with balanced salt solution. The total amount of fluid percolating through Descemet's membrane was measured after 12 h. Based on this, flow rates were calculated. The area of Descemet's membrane was 6.9 mm2. RESULTS: At the pressure of 20 mmHg the flow rate was less than 0.003 microl/min. At pressures above 30 mmHg flow rates ranged from 0.04 microl/min to 0.15 microl/min with a mean of 0.09 microl/min. To achieve pressure control at high pressures, an area of at least 150 mm2 of Descemet's membrane would be needed. CONCLUSION: Descemet's membrane provides good outflow resistance in rabbit eyes. Based on our results for pressure control by outflow through Descemet's membrane only, at least the whole corneal area is needed. If the same is true in humans, additional outflow sources are necessary in cases of viscocanalostomy.

Acetates↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Supraciliochoroidal fluid at an early stage after trabeculectomy.

PURPOSE: To detect the presence of supraciliochoroidal fluid (SCF) by ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) at an early stage after trabeculectomy. METHODS: Trabeculectomy with mitomycin C was performed on 14 patients (15 eyes) with medically uncontrolled glaucoma. The ciliary bodies were observed using UBM testing, which was conducted preoperatively and within 2 weeks after the procedure. RESULTS: SCF was detected postoperatively in 6 eyes. One eye also had choroidal detachment (CD), as seen with an indirect ophthalmoscope; and 5 eyes (33%) had SCF without intraocular inflammatory clinical signs, postoperative changes of the anterior chamber depth, or obvious CD. The SCF in 4 eyes disappeared within 4 weeks after the trabeculectomy. The intraocular pressure (IOP) was 6.4 +/- 3.4 mm Hg (mean +/- SD) when SCF was detected and it rose to 13.2 +/- 7.2 mm Hg when the SCF disappeared. The IOP was 11.4 +/- 4.0 mm Hg in the eyes without SCF, which was significantly higher than that seen in the eyes with SCF. CONCLUSIONS: At an early stage after trabeculectomy, SCF without subclinical CD was detected in some cases by UBM. Compared with the reported frequency of SCF after 3 or 6 months, our study revealed that SCF was present more frequently at an early stage after trabeculectomy. Our results may indicate that the presence of SCF is related to the early low IOP after trabeculectomy and that the disappearance of SCF induces the elevation of IOP.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Moisture droplet formation on the posterior surface of intraocular lenses during fluid/air exchange.

We investigated the conditions under which moisture droplets would form on intraocular lens (IOL) posterior surfaces during fluid/air exchange procedures in rabbits implanted with silicone or poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) IOLs. Moisture droplets did not form when the posterior capsule was intact, regardless of IOL material or infusion fluid temperature. If a capsular tear was present, droplets formed with both IOL materials when balanced salt solution (BSS) at ambient temperature was used as the infusion fluid. This effect was significantly more pronounced with silicone IOLs, resulting in an immediate loss of visualization of the fundus. In these cases, visualization was quickly restored by applying a viscoelastic to the posterior IOL surface.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Intraocular levels of methotrexate after intravenous administration.

PURPOSE: To determine if adequate intraocular levels of methotrexate are achieved after intravenous administration. METHODS: After intravenous administration, methotrexate levels were determined in the serum, the anterior chamber, and the cerebrospinal fluids of a patient with recurrent ocular lymphoma. A fluorescence polarization immunoassay was used to make the determinations. RESULTS: At seven hours into a 24-hour intravenous infusion, methotrexate was at cytotoxic level in all samples. At 74 hours, cytotoxic levels were present only in the aqueous humor. CONCLUSION: Sustained cytotoxic ocular methotrexate levels are achievable after systemic administration.

Anterior Chamber↗
PubMedDate not supplied

1-Octadecene as a solvent for ferrofluids for intraocular use.

PURPOSE: 1-Octadecene is a hydrocarbon with one double bond in its structure that could serve as a solvent for ferrofluids. The aim of this pilot study was to obtain preliminary information on intraocular tolerance to 1-octadecene. METHODS: Vitreous compression with perfluoropropane gas was achieved in 20 eyes of albino rabbits. Four days after gas injection a fluid-gas exchange was undertaken. Sixteen eyes received 1-octadecene. Four eyes received balanced salt solution. Eyes were obtained at 3, 7, 14 and 30 days. The samples were fixed in 10% buffered formalin, processed in paraffin and sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. RESULTS: Emulsification of the oil bubble was observed in 31.25% of the cases by the fifth day; light microscopy showed normal retinal architecture in all the eyes and epiretinal and vitreous macrophages in 50% of the eyes. CONCLUSIONS: 1-Octadecene does not appear to have any retinal cytotoxic effect but elicits an inflammatory response in the vitreous activity.

Alkenes↗
PubMed1998

Cytological aspiration of intraocular retinoblastoma in an 11-year-old boy.

Only a few cases of retinoblastomas in older children have been reported and the clinical diagnosis may be difficult. In case, fine-needle aspiration from an atypical retinal mass of an 11-yr-old boy was performed. The vitreous fluid was stained with Diff-Quik for an immediate cytological examination and the diagnosis of retinoblastoma was suggested. The rest of the specimen was separated into two parts. One was stained with May-Grünwald-Giemsa and the other was centrifuged, embedded in paraffin, and finally stained with hematoxylin-eosin-safran. The undifferentiated blue cells were associated with abundant necrotic debris and portions of capillaries with perivascular tumor cells around. The cytoplasm of the tumor cells was strongly stained with neuron-specific enolase antibody. The diagnosis of retinoblastoma was confirmed. The specimen of enucleation confirmed the diagnosis. In conclusion, cytological aspiration can categorically diagnose suspected intraocular tumors of older children in whom clinical and noninvasive investigations have failed to establish the diagnosis.

Biopsy, Needle↗