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PubMed1975

Introversion-extraversion and psychiatric diagnoses: a test of Eysenck's hypothesis.

Eysenck has stated that dysthymics were introverted and psychopaths were extraverted This study tested this hypothesis. The Ss were 28 male and 7 female inpatients from a state mental hospital. Twenty were diagnosed as neurotics, 15 as psychopaths. The sample was divided into extravert-introvert groups on the basis of scores on the Meyers-Briggs Type Indicator. Chi-square analysis revealed no significant differences in patient distribution by type and diagnosis. It was concluded that extraversion-introversion scores would not aid in the diagnosis of neurosis or psychopathy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Over-representation of Myers Briggs Type Indicator introversion in social phobia patients.

The purpose of this study is to profile the personalities of patients with social phobia. Sixteen patients with social phobia were compared with a normative population of 55,971, and with 24 hospitalized Major Depressive Disorder inpatients, using the Myers Briggs Type Indicator. The Myers Briggs Type Indicator, a popular personality survey, divides individuals into eight categories: Extroverts versus Introverts, Sensors versus Intuitives, Thinkers versus Feelers, and Judgers versus Perceivers. Social phobia patients were significantly more often Introverts (93.7%) than were subjects in the normative population (46.2%). In addition, using continuous scores, the social phobia patients scored as significantly more introverted than did the patients with Major Depressive Disorder, who also scored as Introverted. Introversion is a major component of social phobia, and this observation may have both etiological and therapeutic significance.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Personality assessment of primary school children (VIII grade) with depressive features (preliminary description)].

235 primary school children (VIII grade) aged about 14 years, meeting the criteria for depressive syndrome were assessed by the IPAT High School Personality Questionnaire of R.B. Cattell (14 factors version). Results show that the personality of adolescents with depressive syndrome is characterized by a tendency to isolation and conflictual relations with peers. The results point also to the difference between depressive girls and boys. Girls' personality has more features similar to adult depressive personality such as introversion, schizothymia, isolation and irritability. In boys only the scale of isolation was alleviated. It is planned to compare these results with the results of a control group of normal adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

The prevalence of cognitive distortion in depressed adolescents.

This study examined the prevalence of cognitive distortion in depressed adolescents. Ninety-four consecutive depressed adolescent psychiatric outpatients were administered the Beck Depression Inventory, the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale, the Interpersonal Dependency Inventory and the Maudsley Personality Inventory. Depressed patients who scored above a threshold for cognitive distortion were compared to those who fell below the threshold. Of the depressed patients, 47.4% were found to meet the severity criteria for cognitive distortion, while the remaining 52.6% were found to be below the severity threshold. Cognitive distortion was associated with more severe symptoms of depression, lack of social self confidence and greater introversion. These results do not support the hypothesis that cognitive distortion is universal in clinical depression. However, they do suggest that cognitive distortion is associated with more severe depression.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Ocular accommodation, personality, and autonomic balance.

The autonomic nervous system is made up of two subsystems: the parasympathetic (PNS) and the sympathetic (SNS). The balance between these systems regulates bodily functions during routine (PNS-dominant) and crisis (SNS-dominant) situations. It may also control visual accommodation: PNS activation for inward focus, and SNS activation for outward focus. Near- and far-sighted persons have been characterized as introverted and extraverted, respectively. These personality characteristics have been linked to autonomic balance: introversion and PNS-dominance, extraversion and SNS-dominance. Because autonomic balance may influence accommodation, the introversion of near-sighted and the extraversion of far-sighted persons may be related to the more general PNS-SNS balance rather than only to the difference in visual functioning. Research relevant to this hypothesis is reviewed.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed2003

Communicator image and Myers-Briggs Type Indicator extraversion-introversion.

This study is an examination of the relationship between communicator image and Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) dimensions of extraversion-introversion. The authors found that individuals who prefer extraversion tend to have a more positive communicator image than those who prefer introversion. The results of this study support other research results showing that personality preferences differ in communication behaviors and traits, which could have implications for the individual's comfort and success in society. Results of this research also support the contention that communication behavior has biological aspects.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Introversion-extraversion and topological representations of self and others.

This study indicates that the vertical ordering of self-social others is a potent measure of individual differences in social orientations. Since the extravert is the more sociable, excitement-seeking, carefree individual, while the introvert is more retiring, aloof and introspective, it would be worthwhile in future research to determine whether the dominance, vs. submissive or the high vs. low status dimension is the essential correlate of these spatial differences.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Effect of coffee on the speed of subject-paced information processing.

A continuously subject-paced and monetarily reinforced information-processing task was used to test whether caffeine might stimulate performance beyond the ceiling imposed by fatigue. A 3 X 2 design was adopted with the three doses 0, 150, and 450 mg caffeine and with decaffeinated coffee and fruit juice as vehicles. Two groups of 10 subjects selected to represent extremes on the extraversion-introversion scale participated in the experiment. The results revealed no differences between the two groups nor between the two drug vehicles, but caffeine at both dose levels improved performance significantly. Fatigue-induced performance decrements across the sessions reached significance, but no interaction was obtained between fatigue and drug action, supporting the view that caffeine can improve performance beyond a mere restoration of fatigue.

Caffeine↗
PubMed1975

Birth order and a two-dimensional assessment of personality.

Higher order personality dimensions of extraversion-introversion and neuroticism were studied as functions of birth order in two-sib families, using 141 female subjects, with control over sex of sibling and sib age separation. No significant personality dimension variance was attributable to birth order in females. The results were considered briefly in terms of the importance of birth order, heritability questions, and the possible contribution of birth order to lower order traits.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1985

Behavioral disturbances as an expression of severity of cerebral damage.

The present study was designed to validate our ongoing clinical observations, which reveal that distinct clusters of psychiatric symptoms tend to develop following mild or severe brain injury, independently of injury location. These clusters are termed "Extroversion" and "Introversion" syndromes respectively. The symptoms constituting each syndrome manifest themselves along four domains: behavior, personality, affect and cognition. The study sample included 85 brain-injured patients recalled for a follow-up examination 2-3 years after discharge from hospital. Classification into Extroversion and Introversion was done on the basis of a structured psychiatric interview. Severity of brain damage was independently assessed by combinations of five parameters: unconsciousness and PTA duration, cognitive deficiencies, communication and locomotor disorders. The results supported our clinical observations, suggesting that severity of brain damage could also be assessed by the nature of psychiatric symptomatology exhibited following the injury.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Intro- and extraversion in patients with neuroses as factors differentiating the effect of diazepam on psychomotor function].

The influence of various diazepam doses on selected psychomotor functions in neurotic patients was studied with regard to introversion and extraversion. The group consisted of 110 patients randomly selected into diazepam group (60 cases) and placebo group (50 subjects). In each group introvertics (24 treated with diazepam and 13 with placebo) as well as extravertics (15 subjects receiving diazepam and 12 placebo) were selected. Further analysis excluded 36 ambivertics. Results did not suggest substantial dependence between introversion and extraversion, and effect of diazepam on psychomotor functions. Only the negative effect of certain diazepam doses on visualmotor coordination in introvertic patients, as well as such influence on time of reaction with choice was found. It regards to diazepam doses of 10 mg t.i.d. after 7-10 days of treatment, and also the influence of single dose of 10 mg diazepam after 3-4 hours on visual-motor coordination as well.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Introversion, attention and the late positive component of event-related potentials.

Variation in P3 amplitude across normal individuals under the same experimental conditions has been routinely observed. The possibility that such variation reflects individual differences in the allocation of attention was examined by comparing P3 amplitude in introverts and extraverts, who are thought to differ in the allocation of attention during monotonous tasks. Event-related potentials were recorded while the subjects participated in a lengthy stimulus prediction task. P3 amplitude was determined by principal components analysis and it was found to be significantly larger for the introverts than for the extraverts. This finding is interpreted as evidence that P3 amplitude is sensitive to individual differences in the allocation of attention.

Adult↗