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PubMed1995

Evaluation of new agglutination test for identification of oxacillin-susceptible and oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

A new agglutination test (Monostaph +; Bionor, Skien, Norway) has been developed. This new agglutination test has been compared with two other agglutination tests for the identification of 128 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and 82 coagulase-negative staphylococci. The sensitivities of both Monostaph + and Pastorex Staph-Plus were excellent (98.7 and 97.4%, respectively) in detection of oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The specificity was 96.4% (two Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates and one Staphylococcus hominis isolate were false positive).

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1965

RESULTS OF COMPARATIVE EXPERIMENTS USING DIFFERENT METHODS FOR DETERMINING THE SENSITIVITY OF NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE TO PENICILLIN G.

Between 1957 and 1960 a decrease in the sensitivity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to penicillin was observed in many parts of the world, but the ranges of sensitivity and the distribution of strains within these ranges varied in different countries. It was not known, however, whether these differences were real or due to the different methods of sensitivity determination used. The collaborative study described in this paper was sponsored by WHO with the object of developing an international reference method for use in epidemiological and interlaboratory studies. Fourteen gonococcal strains, representing a wide range of sensitivity to penicillin, were tested in the three participating laboratories, using two plate dilution methods and a tube dilution method. When the strains were arranged in order of sensitivities, the order was the same whichever method was used, but the levels of sensitivity showed considerable differences, particularly for the less sensitive strains. Good agreement was obtained when the technique of one laboratory was repeated in another. On the basis of the results, it is recommended that an international reference method should use a plate dilution technique and a provisional medium is suggested for this method. It is probable that better agreement between different methods could be achieved by the use of reference strains which would enable a correction factor to be applied. Three gonococcal strains that might prove suitable for this purpose are suggested.

Drug Resistance, Microbial↗
PubMed1975

The heterogeneity of Streptococcus viridans: therapeutic considerations in infective endocarditis.

A 24-year-old woman with Marfan's syndrome and mitral regurgitation had clinical features suggestive of infective endocarditis. The causative organism was Streptococcus viridans. Initial therapy with penicillin G, in a dose that should have been bactericidal and hence curative according to the results of the initial quantitative antimicrobial studies, became inadequate. The strain of S. viridans displayed considerable variation in both growth properties and antimicrobial sensitivity during the course of therapy. In addition, a different strain of S. viridans was cultured 1 month after treatment had begun. It is therefore important to repeat cultures and antimicrobial sensitivity testing during treatment of infective endocarditis.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Evaluation of a disk approximation test of inducible beta-lactamases in Enterobacteriacae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

A modified disk approximation test of inducible beta-lactamases in Enterobacteriacae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was evaluated. The amount of inducer was adapted to produce the smallest possible zone of inhibition and the distance between the centre of the disks was standardized. Among several beta-lactam antibiotic disks tested, imipenem (0.06 microgram per disk) or cefoxitin (10 micrograms per disk) placed at a distance of 14-16 mm from a cefotaxime disk (30 micrograms) most efficiently revealed inducible beta-lactamases. A positive induction test (primarily expected with Enterobacter spp, Citrobacter freundii, Serratia spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and indole positive Proteus spp) may serve as a warning of the risk of selecting mutants with beta-lactamase mediated cross-resistance during systemic treatment with ureidopenicillins, later generations of cephalosporins or monobactams. Such resistance was exemplified by characterization of some laboratory mutants with hyperproduction of beta-lactamases. However, evaluation of the specificity and sensitivity of the disk approximation test (and other indirect induction tests) still remains to be done.

Enterobacteriaceae↗
PubMed1977

Rapid identification and antibiotic sensitivity testing of bacteria isolated from clinical infections.

A total of 834 bacterial strains isolated from urine were subjected to rapid biochemical and serological identification and rapid antimicrobial sensitivity testing using Autobac 1. For enterobacteria (742 strains) six tests (acetoin-, beta-galactosidase-, hydrogensulphide-, indole-, ornithin-decarboxylase-and urease-production) correctly identified to genus or species level more than 99% of the strains within four hours. Staphylococci and streptococci (92 strains) were identified with full accuracy within two hours using a rapid deoxyribonuclease assay and immunoelectroosmophoresis and coagglutination. The overall accuracy for the automated antibiotic susceptibility testing using Autobac was 93% as compared to the standard plate diffusion method. In terms of rapidity for 91% of the bacterial strains the susceptibility testing was completed within four hours. After five hours 99% of the strains were analysed. Our data indicate that rapid and automated assays can be accurate and furnish the physician with adequate data within 24 hours after receipt of a urinary specimen.

Agglutination Tests↗