SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “RETINAL HEMORRHAGE”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 901 records · Page 50Linked to original sources

PubMed1983

Erosion of implants in retinal detachment surgery.

We analyzed erosion of intrascleral implants in 728 eyes that underwent scleral buckling procedures for retinal detachment surgery over the past 25 years. Types of implants included polyethylene tubes, solid silicone implants with and without silicone circling bands, and gelatin implants. The use of solid silicone implants and circling bands rather than polyethylene tubes has greatly reduced, but not eliminated, the problem of erosion. Erosion occurred in 62.3% of eyes with polyethylene tubes and in 3.8% of eyes with solid silicone implants with silicone circling bands. Factors associated with erosion included thin sclera, multiple operations, and glaucoma. Complications resulting from erosion were subretinal and vitreous hemorrhage, retinal detachment, and phthisis bulbi. Erosion is a problem that may appear up to 21 years after the scleral buckling procedure. The great number of retinal detachment repairs performed over the past 25 years make erosion of the intrascleral implant a concern of ophthalmologists today and a continued problem for the future.

Biodegradation, Environmental↗

PubMed2005

Recent progress in ocular drug delivery for posterior segment disease: emphasis on transscleral iontophoresis.

Age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, posterior uveitis, and retinitis due to glaucoma are leading causes of vision loss in the United States and other developed countries. Because these diseases are located in the posterior segment of the eye, topical application of ophthalmic medicines is of limited benefit, since topically applied drugs rarely reach therapeutic levels in the affected posterior tissues such as the choroid and retina. Intravitreal injections can deliver drugs to the posterior segment without the side effects associated with systemic administration. However, the repeated and long-term injections often needed may cause complications, such as vitreous hemorrhage, retinal detachment, or endophthalmitis. Recent advances in ocular drug delivery methods and the development of novel biopharmaceutical agents could lead to new regimens for the treatment of disease of the posterior retina, choroids, and macula. This review will summarize recent literature concerning ocular drug delivery of bioactive compounds to the posterior segment of the eye with emphasis on transscleral iontophoresis.

Animals↗

PubMed1985

Carbon monoxide retinopathy.

We recently examined three family members with acute carbon monoxide intoxication resulting from a single accidental exposure--a stepfather with a normal fundus, a mother with scattered superficial retinal hemorrhages, and her child with multiple large subinternal limiting membrane hemorrhages, peripapillary hemorrhages, severe venous tortuosity, and disc edema. All three had comparable carboxyhemoglobin levels and no evidence of hypertension, diabetes, or anemia. The different fundus presentations illustrated the variable clinical manifestations of carbon monoxide retinopathy. Early detection could prevent a lethal outcome.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Ocular toxocariasis: a rare presentation of a posterior pole granuloma with an associated choroidal neovascular membrane.

BACKGROUND: Ocular toxocariasis is a rare infection caused by the nematode larvae of toxocara canis, which is commonly found in dogs. Human transmission is usually via geophagia, the ingestion of food contaminated with the toxocara eggs, or contact with infected puppies, often resulting in devastating ocular and/or systemic effects. Distribution is worldwide; however, a higher incidence is demonstrated in the United States. METHODS: A 17-year-old black woman sought treatment at a neighborhood health center with a report of gradual decrease in vision from her left eye over a 3-month period. Her ocular and systemic histories were unremarkable. Anterior segment evaluation revealed no signs of anterior uveitis. The posterior pole showed a 1.5 DD, round, raised, white, subretinal lesion adjacent to the fovea with an overlying serous retinal detachment and retinal hemorrhage. RESULTS: She was referred to a retinologist who performed both fluorescein and indocyanine green (ICG) angiographies. A serum toxocara ELISA test was also ordered. Fluorescein angiography revealed hyperfluorescence consistent with the granuloma. The ICG demonstrated an occult choroidal neovascular membrane (CNV) underlying the area of hemorrhage inferotemporal to the granuloma. CONCLUSION: This paper illustrates the case presentation and includes an extensive review of the ocular and systemic manifestations of toxocariases. A description of ICG videoangiography, therapeutic approaches, and management will also be discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

[Retinopathy associated with acute pancreatitis].

Purtscher's retinopathy is a retinal lesion associated with different diseases such as cardiac aneurism, thoracic compression, bone fractures, post-trauma, pancreatitis and eclampsia. It consists in the appearance of white patches and retinal hemorrhage encircling an apparently normal optic disk. There is some controversy about its pathogenesis, but a probable cause for the development of this affection might be leukocyte emboli activated by complement. We present the case of a patient who developed a Purtscher's like retinopathy while he was being treated for pancreatitis.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1989

Macular lesions in malignant arterial hypertension.

We produced experimental renovascular malignant arterial hypertension by a modified Goldblatt's procedure in 60 rhesus monkeys (25 one-kidney model and 35 two-kidney model), and studied various macular lesions by detailed serial ophthalmoscopy, and stereoscopic color fundus photography and fluorescein fundus angiography on a long-term follow-up. The various lesions which developed in the macular region included retinal edema, cystic retinal changes, serous retinal detachment, retinal pigment epithelial changes (initially acute focal and later degenerative lesions), and lipid deposits. In addition to these, the usual retinal lesions associated with hypertensive retinopathy, e.g., focal intraretinal periarteriolar transudates, cotton-wool spots and retinal hemorrhages, were also frequently seen in the macular retina. Findings on the various lesions are described in detail, and the pathogenesis of macular edema in malignant arterial hypertension is discussed.

Animals↗

PubMed1986

An intraocular balloon for silicone oil implantation.

This study reports 14 patients who presented proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) at stages III to IV, as well as ora dialysis or large retinal breaks of such extent that it was evident that implanted silicone oil would penetrate behind the retina. We used a latex balloon catheter, which was introduced in aphakic eyes into the vitreous cavity, following pars plana vitrectomy and removal of pre- and sometimes subretinal membranes. Under direct observation, the balloon was filled with silicone oil until the balloon occupied the entire globe while the intravitreal and subretinal fluid was drained. Subsequently, the balloon was punctured at the opposite side of the scleral incision so that the silicone oil could drain into the vitreous cavity. The balloon was then slowly withdrawn from the eye. Complications were pre- and subretinal hemorrhages, retinal dialysis behind (2X) and vis-à-vis (4X) the incision. In none of the cases was silicone oil observed to have penetrated behind the retina.

Drug Implants↗

PubMed2002

Radiation retinopathy--a case report.

Radiation retinopathy is one of ocular complications in radiation therapy for many diseases. It is a slowly progressive, delayed-onset disease of retinal blood vessels. A 49 year-old Chinese female suffered from blurred vision for 2 years progressively. The best corrected visual acuity was 0.02 and 0.06 in her right and left eyes respectively. Ophthalmic fundus examination showed hard exudate, retinal hemorrhage, and macular edema in both her eyes. Tracing back her history, she had nasopharyngeal carcinoma and received irradiation treatment 11 years ago. She denied diabetic mellitus or other systemic disease. After laser photocoagulation treatment, she had better vision with the best corrected visual acuity 0.2 and 0.3 in her right and left eyes respectively 1 year later.

Female↗

PubMed1980

Immunofluorescent studies of the eye in Waldenström's macroglobulinemia.

The eyes of a 53-year-old woman with K light chain macroglobulinemia were studied histopathologically. Retinal hemorrhages were observed on gross examination. Microscopic examination disclosed eosinophilic, PAS-positive deposits in cystoid spaces within the outer plexiform layer, in the inner retina, and about photoreceptors. Immunofluorescent studies showed that the deposits contained IgM. Aneurysmal dilations of small retina vessels were demonstrated as well.

Eye↗

PubMed2005

Autosomal-dominant familial hematuria with retinal arteriolar tortuosity and contractures: a novel syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Autosomal-dominant forms of hematuria have been mostly related to mutations in the COL4A3/COL4A4 genes. Patients with thin basement membrane (BM) disease do not have extrarenal manifestations, while those with Alport syndrome often present with hearing loss, anterior lenticonus, and dot-and-fleck retinopathy. METHODS: We performed a phenotypic study and a candidate gene approach in a four-generation family presenting with autosomal-dominant hematuria associated with extrarenal manifestations. Renal biopsy was analyzed for determination of BM thickness and expression of chains of type IV collagen. Linkage to 18 candidate genes/loci was investigated using polymorphic microsatellite markers. RESULTS: In all affected patients, hematuria without proteinuria was associated with muscular contractures and retinal arterial tortuosities responsible for retinal hemorrhages. Cardiac arrhythmia, Raynaud phenomena, and brain MRI abnormalities were also observed. Despite the presence of red cells in tubule sections, no glomerular abnormalities were found by electron microscopy. Expression of type IV collagen chains and glomerular BM thickness was normal. We searched for a molecular defect affecting either BM or angiogenesis. Linkage analyses of genes encoding BM components (COL4A3/COL4A4, COL6A1, COL6A2, COL6A3, FBLN1), and angiogenic factors or their receptors (VHL, ANPT1, ANPT2, TIE, TEK, NOTCH2, NOTCH3, NOTCH4, DLL4, JAG1, JAG2) and of the facio-sapulo-humeral dystrophy and 3q21 loci failed to show segregation of the disease with those gene loci. CONCLUSION: We have identified a new inherited hematuria syndrome associated with retinal vessel tortuosities and contractures. We recommend performing a fundus examination in patients with familial hematuria and episodes of visual impairment, as well as a urinary analysis in patients with retinal arterial tortuosity or congenital muscular contractures.

Collagen Type IV↗

PubMed1999

[Serous detection of the neuroretina in Waldenström disease. A case report].

BACKGROUND: Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia is a monoclonal gammopathy producing pathologic IgM antibodies with increased blood viscosity, platelet dysfunction and retinal hemorrhages. As a complication a serous detachment of the macula is described. The pathogenesis of the serous detachment is still not fully understood. CASE REPORT: A 73-year-old male patient was presented with Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia, a typical hyperviscosity retinopathy and serous detachment of the macula. We performed fluorescein (FA)- and indocyaningreenangiography (ICG) before and three months after chemotherapy. Especially ICG-angiographic findings revealed a serous detachment that was restricted to the posterior pole but showed a fingershaped enlargement to the optic disc. CONCLUSION: FA- and especially ICG-angiographic findings can help to get more information about the pathogenetic mechanism of serous detachment in Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia. Besides toxic alteration of the retinal pigmentepithelium, oncotic and hydrostatic pressure, a pathologic communication between the optic disc, the subarachnoid space and the subretinal space is discussed.

Aged↗

PubMed1994

Ocular toxoplasmosis misdiagnosed as cytomegalovirus retinopathy in immunocompromised patients.

BACKGROUND: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Toxoplasma gondii both cause necrotizing retinopathy in immunosuppressed hosts. Because of the high prevalence of serum antibodies to these agents in the general population and the risks associated with retinal biopsies, diagnosis of these infections is usually based on clinical findings alone, but the two infections can be confused with one another because of similar clinical features. Accurate diagnosis is critical, however, because both diseases are treatable but require different medical therapies. METHODS: Case histories were reviewed for five immunosuppressed patients with necrotizing retinopathy, which was initially diagnosed incorrectly as CMV retinopathy but was subsequently found to be toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis. Correct diagnosis was based on retinal biopsy (2 cases) or rapid response to antiparasitic drug therapy (3 cases). Factors were sought that might help differentiate toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis from CMV retinopathy at presentation. RESULTS: In all cases, the character of retinal opacification (densely opaque, thick) and the appearance of lesion borders (smooth, nongranular) was different from that typically seen with CMV retinopathy. These cases also were characterized by prominent anterior chamber and vitreous inflammatory reactions (four of five cases) and relative lack of retinal hemorrhage. One patient subsequently developed CMV retinopathy; characteristics of the two lesions in the same eye highlighted the differences between these two infections. CONCLUSION: Clinicians should consider ocular toxoplasmosis as a cause of necrotizing retinopathy in immunosuppressed patients and consider an empiric course of antiparasitic therapy for lesions with features described in this report.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Purtscher-like retinopathy associated with pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

PURPOSE: To investigate a case of Purtscher-like retinopathy that occurred in association with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. METHOD: Case report. RESULTS: A 63-year-old woman presented with multiple gray patches in the central vision of both eyes. Visual acuity was 20/20 in both eyes. Funduscopy showed large peripapillary yellow-white patches within the superficial retina and small superficial retinal hemorrhages in both eyes. The patient subsequently had abdominal pain. Computed tomography of the abdomen demonstrated a large pancreatic mass with extension into the liver. Histologic examination of a percutaneous needle biopsy specimen showed mucinous pancreatic adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSION: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma should be added to the list of systemic diseases that can be associated with Purtscher-like retinopathy.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Three-dimensional analysis of macular diseases with a scanning retinal thickness analyzer and a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope.

OBJECTIVE: To compare three-dimensional analysis of macular diseases obtained using the scanning retinal thickness analyzer (RTA) with that obtained using the confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope, Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Both the RTA and the HRT were used to examine 50 eyes of 36 patients with diabetic macular edema, macular edema following branch retinal vein occlusion, age-related macular degeneration, and idiopathic macular holes. RESULTS: In most macular diseases, the retinal thickness map constructed using the RTA agreed with the image obtained with the HRT. The two maps were not consistent with each other, however, in patients with dense retinal hemorrhages and with extrafoveal fixation. CONCLUSIONS: Although both the RTA and the HRT give additional information to clinically evaluate macular diseases, they do have limitations. The discrepancy between these two analyses in some specific macular pathologies might be caused by the different wavelengths of the laser beam and the different methodologies used to scan the retina.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Atypical retinitis proliferans, retinal telangiectasis, and vitreous hemorrhage in a patient with tuberous sclerosis.

This report describes an unusual case of recurrent vitreous hemorrhage and atypical retinal neovascularization in a patient with tuberous sclerosis. During three years of observation, the patient also developed retinal telangiectasis with macular edema and lipid exudation. Although the patient did not have an obvious astrocytic hamartoma, a diffuse, flat retinal hamartoma within the nerve fiber layer was suspected.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Subretinal abscess due to Nocardia farcinica resistant to trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus.

PURPOSE: To report a case of subretinal abscess due to Nocardia farcinica resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus on immunosuppressive therapy. DESIGN: Observational case report. METHODS: We retrospectively studied the medical record of a patient with nocardiosis. RESULTS: The microorganism disseminated from the lungs (pneumonia) to the eye and brain. The ocular lesion appeared to be a yellowish, lobulated subretinal abscess with irregular surface and superficial retinal hemorrhages. As it was not responding to empiric therapy for nocardia, pars plana vitrectomy and aspiration of the subretinal material was performed to confirm the etiology. CONCLUSION: In an immunocompromised patient with pulmonary involvement and a subretinal abscess with a characteristic aspect, one should consider nocardia as a possible etiology taking into account its possible antibiotic resistances.

Abscess↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The neonatal fundus in maternal toxemia.

Fetal mortality appears to be related to the neonatal fundus findings of a generalized arteriolar spasm, together with either a serous retinal detachment or the presence of numerous superficial and deep retinal hemorrhages with "cotton wool" spots. The excellent management of maternal blood pressure does not allow changes to occur in the maternal fundus; thus, the existence of adverse factors to the fetus/newborn cannot be determined by an examination of the maternal fundus. The fundus examination of a neonate at risk is likely to be very helpful in identifying those babies who would require intensive monitoring and care, resulting in an infant mortality rate far lower than the current rate.

Female↗

PubMed1993

[Retinal diseases in AIDS].

Retinal diseases are the most frequent and most important ocular manifestations in AIDS. Electrophysiological changes can already be found in early stages of AIDS without funduscopic lesions and are a sign of damage to the retinal receptors and ganglion cells. HIV retinopathy (cotton-wool spots, retinal hemorrhages, microaneurysms) seldom occurs in the early stages with normal T-helper cell counts, but is present in about 40% of patients with AIDS-related complex and even in 70% of patients with full-blown AIDS. The cause of this microangiopathy is not known, but patients with lower T-helper cell counts of comparable stages more often have signs of HIV retinopathy. Infections of the retina and the choroid are always part of full-blown AIDS and represent the most important ophthalmological problem in AIDS, as these may lead to blindness if not treated. The specific diagnosis mainly relies on the ophthalmoscopic appearance, as antibody studies are of little help in final-stage AIDS patients. The amplification and proof of virus DNA particles by polymerase chain reaction seem to be more promising ways of obtaining an early laboratory diagnosis of viral retinal infections, but an intraocular specimen is required. Most (90-95%) of the retinal infections in AIDS are caused by the cytomegalovirus. In the final stage 11-40% of AIDS patients develop cytomegalovirus retinitis. Without treatment blindness can occur within a few weeks. Intravenous ganciclovir or foscarnet can prevent or postpone blindness in these patients, but the agents have to be given lifelong in a maintenance dose. Foscarnet offers a survival advantage over treatment with ganciclovir, although the patients may not tolerate foscarnet as well as ganciclovir. Another important infection is toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis, whereas acute retinal necrosis/herpes simplex retinitis, myotic and bacterial infections as well as Pneumocystis carinii choroiditis are seldom seen.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗