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PubMed1995

[The immediate and late results of treating the teeth of children after trauma].

A total of 132 teeth were treated in 105 children and adolescents aged 4, 5 to 15. All the patients were divided into 8 groups in accordance with the WHO classification; treatment policy and follow-up results over a period of 6 months to 5 years presented. Satisfactory remote results were attained in 91.8% of cases, in 4.9% complications occurred: pulp death and inflammatory processes, delayed formation of the roots of permanent teeth after a complete dislocation of deciduous ones. The authors enumerate the major components in comprehensive treatment providing the optimal conditions for formation of permanent teeth roots: removal of pulp irritation by special remineralizing dressings; splint application, if indicated; preservation of viability of at least the radical pulp, and in case of its death a timely removal thereof; creation of conditions for the tooth participation in mastication by replacing dental crown defects with fillings and dentures a month after injury.

Accidents, Home↗
PubMed1999

Review of fluoride research since 1959.

The evidence for the two main hypotheses proposed for the mode of action of F in reducing caries is reviewed. The current conclusion is that low concentrations of F in plaque, which need frequent renewal, favour remineralization of dental tissue (i.e. a net reduction of demineralization) in the later stages of a cariogenic episode. This replaces the other view that a high concentration of F in the tooth mineral reduces its solubility.

Dental Caries↗
PubMed2005

Effect of CPP-ACP paste on mechanical properties of bovine enamel as determined by an ultrasonic device.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (CPP-ACP) paste on demineralization of bovine enamel by measuring changes in the ultrasound transmission velocity. METHODS: The enamel specimens were prepared by cutting bovine teeth into blocks. The specimens were stored in 0.1 M lactic acid buffer solution (pH 4.75, Ca 0.75 mM, P 0.45 mM) for 10 min twice a day, and then stored in the artificial saliva (pH 7.0). Other specimens were stored in a 10-times diluted solution of CPP-ACP paste and a placebo paste without CPP-ACP for 10 min, followed by 10 min immersion into a demineralization solution twice a day before storage in the artificial saliva. The propagation time of longitudinal ultrasonic waves was measured by a Pulser-Receiver (Model 5900, Panametrics) with a transducer (V112, Panametrics). Six specimens were used for each condition, and one-way ANOVAs followed by the Tukey HSD tests (alpha = 0.05) were done. RESULTS: The sonic velocity was found to decrease with time for specimens stored in the demineralization solution. On the other hand, a significant increase in sonic velocity was found for specimens stored in the CPP-ACP solution. CONCLUSIONS: From the result of this study, it was suggested that the conditions of de- and remineralization of the enamel structure could be measured non-destructively by using an ultrasonic pulse method. It could be concluded that the inorganic components contained in high concentrations in CPP-ACP acted to enhance remineralization of the enamel structure.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

[The remineralization of enamel lesions by casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium fluoride phosphate in vitro].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the remineralizing effect on artificial enamel subsurface lesions in vitro by 2% casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium fluoride phosphate complexes (CPP-ACFP) solution. METHODS: Twenty-eight enamel blocks were cut from human third molars, in which 2 lesions were prepared from each block. The 28 samples were randomly assigned to the four study groups, in which each group was incubated in remineralization solution for 1, 3, 5, 10 days respectively. After remineralization the samples were sectioned, microradiographied and the mineral content were determined by microdensitometry. RESULTS: The remineralizing solution replaced 9.19%, 14.27%, 29.07%, 38.45% of mineral lost after 1, 3, 5, 10 days respectively (y = 8.9316 x0.6347, R2 = 0.9322; y: remineralizing rate, x: time). Significant differences were found in remineralizing rate between any two groups using One-way Scheffe multiple comparison. CONCLUSIONS: The 2% CPP-ACFP solution could significantly remineralize the artificial enamel subsurface lesion in vitro. The remineralizing rates were increased with the experiment time (within 10 days).

Caseins↗
PubMed1995

Root caries: prevention and chemotherapy.

PURPOSE: Root caries is a problem of importance among dentate elderly. Greater life expectancies at both birth and age 65, combined with improvements in tooth retention across all age groups, have resulted in an increasing number of Americans who have retained their teeth into old age. This increase in numbers of teeth combined with the increase in the percent of teeth with recession has in turn resulted in older persons with more root surfaces at risk for caries than ever before. The purpose of this article is to review the literature on the prevention and chemotherapeutic approach to root caries. METHODS: A review of the literature and synthesis of this information resulted in recommendations for the improved root caries risk assessment and the development of clinical examination protocols and strategies for prevention and treatment. RESULTS: Clinicians can better identify persons at risk for root caries in their practice. People who are older, have moderate to severe periodontal bone loss and gingival recession, are impaired, have poor oral hygiene, take multiple medications, have partials, have retained root tips and the recently unemployed or retired are all at increased risk for root caries. Examination strategies should include the use of at least annual bite-wing radiographs (vertical bite-wings in persons with significant attachment loss) and careful examination of the proximal tooth surfaces. Once identified as low, moderate or high risk, daily and professionally applied fluoride therapies should be combined with dietary modifications, and in high risk individuals, antimicrobial agents for both the remineralization of early lesions and prevention of further root caries.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Crystallites dimensions of enamel.

In this paper the average diameter of enamel crystallites in mature, deciduous and fluorosed human enamel as well as in bovine enamel (in vivo and in vitro remineralized) is discussed. The investigation was carried out on broken surfaces of the various kinds of enamel with a scanning electron microscope. Corrections have been applied for the thickness of the gold-layer deposited. The average crystallite diameters for sound, deciduous and fluorosed human enamel were : 36 nm; 46 nm and 81 nm, respectively. The values for sound, remineralized in vitro and remineralized in vivo bovine enamel were 57 nm; 97 nm and 63 nm, respectively. The results indicate furthermore that if a correction for the sputtered goldlayer is applied, the results for SEM and TEM microscopy are in good agreement with each other. The difference between in vivo and in vitro remineralized bovine enamel is most likely due to differences in speed of remineralization and/or the presence of saliva.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Structural and microanalytical changes in dentition after radiotherapy applied in cases of tumour in the oral cavity region.

Morphological observations by means of the scanning electron and optical microscopes as well as microanalytical qualitative and quantitative tests concerning content and distribution of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium in the teeth being in irradiation field were made in patients treated for larynx cancer by methods of radiotherapy. The teeth enamel was in some places thinner and in some others it was lacking. The characteristic defects took place in the form of notches, cracks and of superficial destruction. In X-ray microanalyser the enamel showed some features of demineralization. In dentine, features of demineralization and on the other hand features of remineralization were seen. The root dentin, in which destructive processes but also reparation processes developed by root cement could be seen, was rather characteristic. Clear structural changes and disturbances of mineralization in hard tooth tissues being under therapeutic X-ray irradiation were observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

NIDR: 50 years of scientific progress.

The National Institute of Dental Research turns 50 this month. During those 50 years, scientific research has resulted in amazing progress in reducing the prevalence and severity of tooth decay, periodontal diseases, and tooth loss. With these successes in mind, NIDR looks to more progress in such areas as the design and fabrication of biomaterials for replacement of teeth, early detection of caries lesions, and innovative remineralization strategies to optimize and preserve the health of dental tissues.

Administrative Personnel↗