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PubMed1988

[Ultrasonic scanning of the thyroid during dispensary care at an industrial plant].

The paper is devoted to the assessment of potentialities of ultrasonic scanning of the thyroid during mass screening at an industrial enterprise. A total of 488 persons were investigated. Ultrasonic and thermographic investigations were performed in all of them to detect pathology of the cardiovascular system, abdominal cavity, breast and thyroid. Quantitative assessment of questionnaire data was performed in 100 persons. A group of persons aged 35 (7.5%) was selected for a further ultrasonic investigation. Among them 19 persons (54.3%) had diffuse enlargement, stage I-II, 13 (37.1%) had nodular changes, and 3 (8.6%) were after strumectomy. A special additional investigation was required for 13 persons, of them 9 had nodular types of the goiter, the rest of them were followed-up. 4 patients underwent surgical intervention. A conclusion was made of the effectiveness of the use of ultrasonic investigations during mass screening for the detection of early and latent pathological processes in the thyroid.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

A pulsed Doppler ultrasonic system for making noninvasive measurements of the mechanical properties of soft tissue.

In response to the need for a more precise means of predicting the interaction of a prosthetic socket with an amputee's residual limb, a gated Doppler ultrasonic motion sensing system was devised for making noninvasive measurements of the elastic modulus of soft tissue in vivo. Ultrasound was chosen for its ability to indicate the viscoelastic behavior of biological materials without damaging tissue. The system consists of a holding jig to support the limb being tested, a tissue vibrator, and an ultrasonic transducer to monitor the motion of the tissue. The ultrasonic transducer is controlled by an external computer to control the depth at which the sensor is measuring tissue displacement. This ultrasonic measuring technique provides as much information as more conventional techniques, but with more convenience and fewer restrictions.

Artificial Limbs↗

PubMed1986

[The diagnosis of the depth of gastric cancer invasion by the ultrasonic method].

To establish the diagnosis of the depth of gastric cancer invasion by ultrasonic method scanned from the body surface preoperatively, 51 resected specimens of gastric cancer and 61 in-patients with gastric cancer were examined by Toshiba electro-linear-scanner (SAL-50A). Experiments of inserting a needle into the wall of resected stomach and removing some layers of specimens were done to determine the origin of the ultrasonic five layers structure. The tomographies, which were obtained from 51 specimens scanned in the water and 61 patients scanned from the body surface, were compared with their microscopic findings. The lesions which were limited in the anterior or posterior wall and located distal to the middle part of stomach body were able to be diagnosed accurately. It was difficult to diagnose the depth when there was a deep benign ulcer formation associated with an early cancer lesion or deformity of gastric wall due to compression of massive tumor. The depth diagnosed by ultrasonic method was sometimes deeper than final pathological one but rarely shallower than it. In this study, most advanced gastric cancer could be diagnosed correctly by this ultrasonic method preoperatively. This fact serves useful reference to determine the operative procedure.

Humans↗

PubMed1986

Prenatal ultrasonic diagnosis of fetal thoracic and intrathoracic abnormalities.

Seventeen cases of different types of fetal thoracic and intrathoracic abnormalities were diagnosed prenatally by ultrasound: nonimmune hydrops (5 cases), diaphragmatic hernia (3), Potter's syndrome (3), chylothorax (1), exstrophy of the cloaca (1), the extreme form of prune-belly syndrome (2), cystic hygroma (1) and short rib polydactyly syndrome (Majevski type) (1 case). The ultrasonic features of nonimmune hydrops, diaphragmatic hernia, Potter's syndrome and cystic hygroma are well recognized by most experienced sonographers. The ultrasonic prenatal diagnosis of exstrophy of the cloaca, a very rare entity, has not been reported previously. The condition consists of a large infraumbilical anterior abdominal wall defect, lumbosacral myelomeningocele, and fetal ascites. The extreme form of prune-belly syndrome is associated with the absence of the abdominal wall musculature and marked dilatation of the urinary tract, presented ultrasonically as multiple large cysts occupying the distended fetal abdominal cavity. In exstrophy of the cloaca, prune-belly syndrome, Potter's syndrome and short rib polydactyly syndrome the chest abnormality is similar-extreme shortening of the thoracic cage, which has various causes. The differential diagnosis of all these entities and guidelines for their correct prenatal ultrasonic diagnosis are presented.

Diaphragmatic Eventration↗

PubMed1986

Determination of the volume of the thyroid gland by a high resolutional ultrasonic scanner.

We developed a new ultrasonic scanner for the thyroid and, in this study, the estimated volumes of the thyroids by this scanner were compared with the weights of those obtained at operation. In this ultrasonic scanner, an annular array transducer was employed instead of the conventional single element concave transducer. The distance of the focused area by this transducer was as long as 5 cm compared to 1 cm by the conventional transducer; therefore, the image obtained by the new scanner was so clear that it was not difficult to draw accurately the outlines of the thyroids. The volumes of the thyroids were calculated by a computerized digitizer. The estimated volumes of the thyroids by the ultrasonic scanner were closely correlated with their weights calculated by adding the actual weights of the thyroids removed to the estimates of the thyroids left at operation. Their correlation coefficients were as high as 0.99. This suggests that this new ultrasonic scanner is very useful in the determination of the volumes of the thyroids, since the measurement is very accurate, simple, and reproducible.

Adenoma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Potentials of ultrasonic methods for assessing the hemodynamic characteristics of the cardiocerebrovascular system].

This paper reviews ultrasonic methods used at present to evaluate hemodynamic parameters of different organs and velocity characteristics of circulating blood. The ultrasonic methods make it possible not only to diagnose different vascular lesions but also to investigate the effects of unusual environmental parameters on the human body. The paper give a classification of the existing and advanced procedures based on ultrasonic location when applied to determine hemodynamic characteristics of the cardiocerebrovascular system. The paper presents a description of ultrasonic methods used in studying the heart (velocity characteristics of the circulation of cardioelements), brain (pulse oscillations of vessel blood filling in the cranial cavity), and large arteries (blood filling and blood flow velocity.

Blood Flow Velocity↗

PubMed1985

[Ultrasonic diagnosis of breast cancer--principle and practice].

The ultrasonic diagnosis of breast cancer has been expected as a promising approach together with its various clinical advantages and with its improved diagnostic accuracy based on the advances in the ultrasonic tissue visualization techniques. Among various advanced new techniques for the ultrasonic breast tissue imaging such as C-mode display by realtime scanner, ultrasound CT, ultrasound holography, ultrasonic Doppler imaging, most usual ultrasonotomographic instruments which apply the modality of waterpath mechanical single linear and compound scanning are introduced from the point of the history of technical development, principle and practical procedure.

Breast Neoplasms↗

PubMed1985

[Ultrasonic angiography in the diagnosis of lesions of the brachiocephalic branches of the aorta].

A review of combined ultrasonic data in a group of normal subjects and in 20 patients with occlusive brachiocephalic aortic lesions has demonstrated that combined use of highly-informative ultrasonic techniques, including ultrasonic dopplerography, ultrasonic angiography and spectrum analysis of the Doppler echo expands considerably possibilities of the diagnosis of occlusive lesions and enables quantitative assessment of regional hemodynamic disorders.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Identification of peripheral vascular disease with real-time ultrasonic imaging.

Real-time ultrasonic imaging can provide useful clinical information in subjects with peripheral vascular disease. This report outlines the technique of imaging the extracranial arterial system and arterial segments that supply the lower extremities. It describes our interpretation of the ultrasonic image as it relates to the pathology of fatty streaks, smooth and complex plaques, occlusions and thrombus formations. Our experience consists of in excess of 2700 patients who were evaluated with real-time ultrasonic imaging in conjunction with noninvasive functional studies over 4 1/2 years. In our hands, real-time ultrasonic imaging performed in conjunction with functional noninvasive studies plays a more important role in the management of patients with cerebrovascular disease than in lower extremity vascular disease.

Arteriosclerosis↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Significance of the ultrasonic morphology of preovulatory ovarian follicles prior to in vitro fertilization.

Forty-eight oocytes were collected from 47 follicles in 36 cycles from 24 patients with tubal infertility by ultrasonically guided percutaneous puncture under local anesthesia. The ultrasonic represented morphology of the aspirated follicles was compared to the presence of an egg-cumulus-mass in the follicular aspirate and the result of oocyte fertilization. There was a higher frequency of a cumulus-mass in the aspirate from follicles containing echoes (90 per cent) compared to ultrasonically empty follicles (37 per cent). Thirty-four oocytes were fertilized corresponding to a fertilization rate of 71 per cent. The mean diameter of follicles in the fertilized group was bigger (20.9 mm) than the mean diameter of follicles in the non-fertilized group (18.5 mm). The fertilization rate was higher in oocytes collected from follicles with internal echoes (87 per cent) compared to echo-free follicles (50 per cent). It seems that the ultrasonic demonstration of a fine cloud projecting into the follicle or a clouding of the cavity increases the possibility of collecting an oocyte suitable for in vitro fertilization.

Embryo Transfer↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Ultrasonic studies and calcium content of the bones in experimental animals during limited mobility and weightlessness].

The velocity of ultrasonic propagation, calcium content, and femur size of rats exposed to actual and simulated weightlessness were investigated. The exposure slowed down the ultrasonic velocity in bones. The effect of the calcium content on the ultrasonic velocity in various bone sites was different: as a rule, there was a positive correlation in diaphyses and a negative correlation in epiphyses. These specific features should be taken into consideration when new methods of bone ultrasonic diagnostics will be developed.

Animals↗

PubMed1984

[Ultrasonic diagnosis of tumors of the spleen].

Neoplasms of the spleen, either primary or secondary, are rare, and knowledge of them is insufficient. Actually, the spleen had been a difficult organ clinically to assess until the ultrasonic technique was introduced for medical diagnostic purposes. Nowadays, one can easily determine splenic size by using one of the largest cross sectional area of several ultrasonic scans taken parallel to the IXth ribs). Ultrasonic appearance of the spleens in the tomograms taken by our method is classified into three basic patterns. Splenotomograms of our own cases with diffuse and localized splenic tumors were shown in this study. Ultrasonic scanning of the spleen is a non-invasive and valuable diagnostic technique for estimation of its configuration and size, and for detection and some degree of tissue characterization of space occupying lesions. However, further extensive investigation is needed for more accurate tissue characterization of the splenic lesions.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Potential use of ultrasonic bioecholocation as a noninvasive method for assessing human intracranial volumetric ratios].

Potential applications of the method of ultrasonic echo location for determining intracranial fluid volume relations are discussed. The data presented give evidence that variations in the attenuation coefficient and propagation pattern of the ultrasonic signal may reflect changes in both hemodynamics and intracranial pressure. Simultaneous invasive investigations may help quantitate ultrasonic echo location results. The review shows that ultrasonic echo location of the brain can be used to determine variations in the intracranial volume relations induced by simulated space flights and to make well documented diagnoses.

Adaptation, Physiological↗

PubMed1980

Ultrasonic diagnosis in obstetrics and gynecology.

Ultrasonic diagnosis is widely used today in obstetrics and gynecology. As no harmful side-effects, neither to the mother nor to the fetus can be detected, the method can be used to study the fetal development in its natural environment. The technics used for this study are either compound-scan or real-time scan. Progressing from the early to the late pregnancy the clinical problems, in which ultrasonic diagnosis is of importance are discussed. In early pregnancies these problems are related with the symptoms of abortion, whereby intact pregnancy, blighted ovum, missed abortion, ectopic pregnancy and hydatidiform mole, can be differentiated by ultrasonic examination. In advanced pregnancies ultrasonic examinations are used to achieve biometric data reflecting normal and abnormal progress in the uterine fetal development. Such data are the biparietal diameter and abdominal measurements such as diameter and circumferences which may be influenced by placental insufficiency resulting in growth retardation. The importance of the exact location of the placenta using echography as well as the possibility of the exact diagnosis of the fetal position are stressed. In gynecology echography can be used for monitoring the ovarian cycle in demonstrating the maturing follicle and the corpus luteum. Tumors of the genital organ can be differentiated to a certain extent. In the management of patients suffering from cancer, ultrasonography can be used for treatment-planning and in the follow-up study to detect local or lymphonodal recurrences as early as possible and to plan second-look operations.

Diagnosis, Differential↗

PubMed1981

Oculoplethysmography and pulsed Doppler ultrasonic imaging in diagnosis of carotid arterial disease.

The individual and combined diagnostic accuracy rates for fluid-filled oculoplethysmography and pulsed Doppler ultrasonic imaging in the detection of extracranial carotid artery insufficiency were calculated. Results of the two techniques were compared with those of contrast arteriograms which were available for 109 patients, 210 arteries, for computations of sensitivity and specificity. Sensitivities for oculoplethysmography and ultrasonic imaging were 84 and 87 per cent, while specificities were 87 and 81 per cent, respectively. These values were not significantly, p greater than 0.05, different. Results of oculoplethysmography and ultrasonic imaging agreed in four-fifths of the arteries, producing a sensitivity of 98 per cent and a specificity of 97 per cent. In the remaining arteries, the results of the two tests did not agree, resulting in a sensitivity of 71 per cent and a specificity of 79 per cent. Fluid-filled oculoplethysmography and pulsed Doppler ultrasonic imaging are diagnostic tests of comparable accuracy which, when used together, provide accurate hemodynamic and anatomic information in the diagnosis of extracranial carotid arterial disease.

Adult↗

PubMed1978

[Obstetric conjugate diameter (conjuata vera obstetrica). New results obtained via ultrasonic measurements during pregnancy (author's transl)].

The obstetric conjugate diameter can be measured by means of ultrasonic devices, particularly those with slow production of the ultrasonic image (Kretz and others). The mean value of the conjugata vera obstetrica was 11.7 cm in the 382 measurements conducted by the authors. With 7.85% of the measurements, the obstetric conjugate diameter was below 11.0 cm. This means that a narrowed pelvis due to a shortened obstetric conjugate diameter was a relatively frequent occurrence, basing on a biparietal pelvic diameter of 10 cm at the time of delivery. During pregnancy and repeat pregnancy, no clinically significant increase of the obstetric conjugate diameter can be found. Ultrasonic examination is very suitable as a screening method to detect and identify complications in the mechanism of birth well in time before the onset of labour. The technique can be acquired relatively easily. Measurements are reproducible at any required rate, and will not disturb or molest the pregnant women. It does not involve any radiological load. Nevertheless, ultrasonic examination cannot be considered as the full successor to the x-ray film. In particular, lateral x-ray examination is still important in case of clinical suspicion of a "long pelvis" (according to Kirchhoff) or the rare forms of contracted pelvis, if a complication of the birth mechanism cannot be excluded despite normal obstetric conjugate diameter.

Dystocia↗

PubMed1994

Diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma by ultrasonic examination: comparison with diagnosis by fine needle aspiration cytology.

Ultrasonic examination was performed on 120 patients who later underwent surgery. Ultrasonically, among the 64 cases of benign nodules and the 56 of carcinomas, 50 and 46 cases respectively were diagnosed correctly. In making the ultrasonic diagnosis, the following findings were considered; shape, margin, boundary, internal echoes, hyperechoic spots, the echo level of the nodule and the cystic pattern. The sensitivity for carcinoma diagnosis was 0.82, specificity was 0.78 and accuracy was 0.80. The diagnostic accuracy for the same patients using a newly devised diagnostic system that utilized a fuzzy inference was almost as high as that of the conventional method. Furthermore, the diagnostic accuracy of both of these methods did not differ significantly from that obtained by fine needle aspiration cytology. Therefore, non invasive ultrasonic examination is considered to be very useful for the detection and diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma.

Biopsy, Needle↗

PubMed1993

[Ultrasonic findings of the cholecyst and biliary tract after gastrectomy].

Periodical ultrasonic findings were taken up to 1 year after operation in 207 gastric cancer patients and generation of gallstones after gastrectomy was examined. Abnormal ultrasonic findings were observed frequently in cases with advanced cancer and cases which received anticancer drugs, but operative procedures, reconstruction procedures and the degree of removal of lymph nodes did not significantly affect ultrasonic findings. Gallstone findings were observed from 3 months after operation. Among 18 of 135 cases (13.3%) with gallstone findings observed 12 months after operation, 10 had shifted from biliary debris and sludges to gallstones. In 53 cases which were able to be observed periodically from the preoperative period, 9 (17.0%) of gall stones were observed after 12 months, and 7 had shifted from biliary debris and sludges. In cases with abnormal ultrasonic findings, the serum GOT levels on day 1 and day 7, and GPT levels on day 1, day 7, and day 14 were significantly higher than the preoperative values. Hepatic dysfunction of the early postoperative stage and generation of biliary debris and sludges may play an important role in gallstone formation, and anticancer drugs after gastrectomy may have an aid of gallstone formation.

Adult↗