SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Vegetative”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 901 records · Page 50Linked to original sources

PubMed2005

[The heavy metals, nitrates and nitrites content in the selected vegetables from Lublin area].

The content of heavy metals (the lead, the cadmium) and nitrates and nitrites have been analyzed in the selected vegetables (lettuce, radish, spinach, chives, sorrel) obtained from the following allotments; the Lublin centre, the city surrounding and also from the marketplace and the supermarket. The tested vegetables did not exceed the acceptable lead and cadmium content norm. Most vegetables from the marketplace had a higher content of the analyzed heavy metals than the vegetables from the unpolluted areas (the allotments Lublin surrounding, the supermarket). The acceptable norm for nitrates was exceeded only in the radish and the chives which came from the allotments in the Lublin centre and also in the supermarket chives. The mean nitrites content in the test vegetables were not significant and were not harmful to people's health.

Cadmium↗

PubMed2006

[The trace elements content in the selected vegetables from the Lublin area].

The ASA method was used to determine the content of copper, zinc, manganese and iron in the selected vegetables (lettuce, radish, spinach, chives, sorrel) obtained from the following allotments: Lublin centre, the city surrounding and from the marketplace and the supermarket. The vegetables bought at the supermarket were characterized higher concentration of copper and zinc in comparison with the vegetables coming from the allotments in the Lublin centre, the city surrounding and also from the marketplace. All the tested vegetables were rich in iron, however accumulated insignificant amount of copper. The trace elements content in the tested vegetables were not significant and were not harmful to people's health.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Vegetable and fruit food frequency questionnaire serves as a proxy for quantified intake.

BACKGROUND: Public health practitioners need valid tools to survey trends in dietary intake. The Rapid Risk Factor Surveillance System (RRFSS) includes an optional six-item vegetable and fruit intake food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) module. Our objectives were 1) to compare reported vegetable and fruit consumption from the FFQ to quantified servings (portions) defined by Canada's Food Guide to Healthy Eating and ascertained by a reference method, and 2) to compare the FFQ with the reference method for their classification of the proportion of respondents consuming five or more servings of vegetables and fruit per day. METHODS: Dietitians administered 24-hour recalls to each of 174 adult respondents who had completed the FFQ as part of the RRFSS. Recalls were conducted over the telephone on three separate occasions using an adaptation of the multiple pass method. RESULTS: The mean total intake of vegetables and fruit for the group was 4.6 times/day from the FFQ versus 4.8 servings/day from the recalls (paired t-test; p = 0.92). Thirty-seven percent of respondents were classified as consuming five or more times/day by the FFQ versus 35% by the 24-hour recall servings. CONCLUSION: The FFQ tool can be used as a proxy for quantified intake of vegetable and fruit consumption.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Organochlorine pesticide residues in different Indian cereals, pulses, spices, vegetables, fruits, milk, butter, Deshi ghee, and edible oils.

A total of 244 samples of cereals (wheat flour, rice, and maize), pulses (arhar, moong, gram, lentil, and black gram), spices (turmeric, chili, coriander, and black pepper), vegetables (potato, onion, spinach, cabbage, brinjal, and tomato), fruits (mango, guava, apple, and grape), milk, butter, Deshi ghee, and edible oils (vegetable, mustard, groundnut, and sesame) collected from different cities of Northern Province (Utter Pradesh) were analyzed by gas liquid chromatography for the presence of organochlorine pesticide residues. Residues of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane (DDT) were detected in about 85% of the total samples of cereals, spices, milk, butter, Deshi ghee, and edible oils analyzed in the present study. However, the residue levels were either very small (less than 0.06 ppm) or not detected at all in pulses, vegetables, and fruits as compared with very high concentrations in wheat flour (4.42 and 0.12 ppm), butter (1.19 and 4.85 ppm), mustard oil (1.26 and 2.42 ppm), Deshi ghee (1.10 and 3.84 ppm), vegetable oil (1.02 and 0.59 ppm), groundnut oil (0.51 and 1.49 ppm), and chili (0.48 and 1.92 ppm). The levels of HCH and DDT residues detected in rice, maize, turmeric, corlander, black pepper, and all the vegetables and fruits were also lower than those found in wheat flour, oil, and fat samples analyzed in the present study. These findings suggest that a restricted and controlled use of such persistent pesticides may be useful for decreasing their contamination levels in different food items.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

[Content of metals in vegetables from various regions of Poland in the years 1986-1988. I. Content of lead, cadmium and mercury].

The content of lead, cadmium and mercury was determined in various sorts of Polish vegetables grown on soil or in hothouses in the years 1986-1988 using for the determination of Pb and Cd the extraction flame ASA method after dry mineralization at about 400 degrees C and for Hg the flameless ASA method after wet mineralization. In 1988 soil investigations were conducted parallelly in the areas where these vegetables had been grown. Vegetable samples were taken directly from the producers in 18 provinces, from areas not contaminated with these metals by industrial plants and traffic. About 2.5 thousand vegetable samples and about 650 soil samples were investigated. A considerable part of the vegetables, especially those whose roots are consumed, contained excessive amounts of lead--over 0.3 mg/kg (e.g. over 20% of samples of parsley leaves) and cadmium--over 0.3 mg/kg (nearly 40% of carrots samples, and about 30% of beets, lettuce grown on soil or in hothouses, and parsley roots, about 20% of samples of parsley leaves grown on soil). The levels of mercury were usually of the order of thousandths mg/kg. The mean values of these metals in soil were frequently much higher than the values regarded as most frequent in the soils of not contaminated regions of Poland.

Cadmium↗

PubMed1989

[Study of fluorine and lead levels in selected vegetables and fruit grown within the range of emission of these elements by the household glass plant "Irena" in Inowrocław].

The content of fluorine and lead was determined by spectroscopic methods in the vegetables, fruit and flowers gathered in 1987 from the "Transportowiec" Garden Plots situated in the range of emission of these elements by the plant. Fluorine was isolated from plant materials by microdiffusion and determined spectrophotometrically as a triple complex: alizarine complexon + lanthanum + fluorideion. Lead was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (ASA). Vegetables and fruit were raised in the range of 500 m from the emission source of the "Irena" plant. In only several vegetables the content of fluorine calculated for dry mass exceeded the Polish permissible level. On the other hand, the lead content in vegetables exceeded in 18.5% the Polish normal value and the suggested normal value of the Council of Mutual Economic Aid countries in 55.5%. The obtained results of fluorine and lead determinations were compared with those in the years 1981-1983 stressing the health hazards caused by consumption of vegetables and fruit from the gardens and fields situated in the vicinity of glass plant emission sources.

Fluorine↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Plasma carotenoids as biomarkers of vegetable intake: the University of Minnesota Cancer Prevention Research Unit Feeding Studies.

High vegetable intake has been associated with a decreased risk for various human cancers in epidemiological studies. Carotenoids are plant compounds that may both possess chemopreventive activity and be useful biomarkers of vegetable and fruit intake. Nineteen men and women were randomized into a controlled cross-over feeding study to measure the effect of vegetable intake on plasma carotenoid concentrations. Participants consumed each of 4 experimental diets for 9 days. The control diet consisted of commonly consumed foods and was essentially carotenoid free. High vegetable diets (carotenoid, cruciferous, and soy) consisted of the control diet plus carrots and spinach (carotenoid), broccoli and cauliflower (cruciferous), and tofu and FriChik (soy). Plasma carotenoid concentrations were highest on the carotenoid and cruciferous diets. When compared to the control, mean plasma alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, and lutein concentrations were 5.2, 3.3 and 2.2 times higher on the carotenoid diet, respectively (P < 0.001). Mean plasma lutein concentrations were 2.1 times higher on the cruciferous versus the control diet (P < 0.001). There were no differences between diets in plasma beta-cryptoxanthin and lycopene concentrations. These data indicate that plasma alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, and lutein may be useful biomarkers of carotenoid-rich food intake and that lutein may act as an intake biomarker of commonly consumed vegetables in the Cruciferae family. These findings should prove useful in undertaking dietary intervention trials because they suggest the feasibility of monitoring intake of some plant foods and of distinguishing among plant food groups.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

[The content of nitrates and nitrites in fruits, vegetables and other foodstuffs].

There are presented the results of the investigation of many popular fresh and frozen vegetables as well as in fresh and frozen fruits, such as different kind of apples, strawberries, currants, raspberries and many other tender fruits mainly from market and few from own allotment-cottages performed in the year 1989-1992. The nitrate and nitrite was determined according to the Griess reaction. High levels of nitrate was encountered in lettuce, frozen spinach, fennel, radishes, parsley. Many of this samples contained more than 1000 mg of KNO3/kg of fresh product, but the highest level, over the 3500 mg/kg was found in lettuce. The remaining vegetables like carrots, celery, leeks and frozen French bean contained from several dozen to more than 800 mg KNO3/kg. The level of nitrite in all samples of the investigated vegetables and fruits was very low from zero to decimal part of milligram per kg. Very low level of nitrate was found in 7 species of investigated apples (from 1.3 to 9.7 mg KNO3/kg). A little higher level of this compound was ascertained in currants, gooseberries, raspberries, cherries (from 0.0 to 36.0 mg KNO3/kg product). The highest levels of nitrate occurred in samples of strawberries (maximum to 322.3 mg KNO3/kg) but mean level amounted 58.7 mg KNO3/kg. The encountered levels of nitrate in frozen vegetables and fruits as well as in jams and stewed fruits was only little less than in fresh products. Very high level (from 355.30 to 584.53 mg KNO3/kg) was ascertained in the fruit-vegetable juice named "Rinberen" and "Malberen" to which red beet extract was used for their production. It should be pointed out that when the containers of these juice was opened and stored at the room temperature (+20 degrees C) during 30 days, no changes was observed in the level of nitrate and nitrite. In the juice prepared from blanched carrot, the rate of the reduction of nitrate to nitrite has not been lowered, when this product was storage of this juice at room temperature, the mean level of nitrite increased significantly (from 0.14 to 82.89 mg NaNO2/kg) and the level of nitrate lowered from 261.0 to 46.4 mg KNO3/kg. It should be strongly recommended for consumption the juices from carrot only fresh prepared. There are also presented the results of investigation of nitrate in fermented cheeses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Cheese↗

PubMed1994

[Fluorine and lead content in selected vegetables grown within the range of emission of compounds containing these elements by the glass plant"Irena" in Wrocław].

By means of spectroscopy fluorine and lead were determined in selected vegetables gathered in 1990 from Workers' Gardening Plots "Transportowiec" lying about 500 m from the Irena glass plant and similar plots "Irena" situated about 2600 m from the emitters of the plant. The obtained results were compared with those of similar measurements in the preceding 8 years, and with analogous determinations in the vegetables gathered in 1989 from "Podzamcze" gardening plots in Szczytna in immediate vicinity of the glass plant "Sudety". The study extended over many years showed that in the vicinity of such plants, the soil, the vegetables and fruit are contaminated with fluorine and lead. Moving of "Irena" gardening plots from 50-350 m from the plant to a distance of 1800 m from it caused that only the parts of the vegetables above soil level contained higher amounts of fluorine and lead. Certain above-soil parts of the plants from the "Podzamcze" gardening plots contained fluorine in amounts exceeding the acceptable level. Most vegetables, both roots and higher parts, were contaminated with lead, indicating that the soil was contaminated with lead also.

Environmental Exposure↗

PubMed1995

[Content estimation of nitrates and nitrites in vegetables from the province of Lodz].

The contents of nitrates and nitrites in selected vegetables reaped in summer and autumn in 1993 were investigated. The samples of vegetables were collected directly from the producers from area of Lódź and from outside of the city. Nitrates were reduced on a cadmium column to nitrites, where-upon they were determined colorimetrically using sulfanilic acid and N-1-Naphthylethylenediamine. It has been found that the contents of nitrates in tested vegetables are mostly higher than the allowable values published in the Ordinance of Minister of Health and Social Welfare from 8th of October 1993. The average contents of nitrates and nitrites in most of tested vegetables were higher in the vegetables from the outskirts of the city than in ones from outside of the city in the province.

Colorimetry↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Diagnosis of food allergy caused by fruit and vegetables in children with atopic dermatitis].

Atopic dermatitis (A.D.) is a frequent, complex and multifactorial disease: Food Allergy (F.A.), probably underestimated, especially for fruits and vegetables, seems to play an important pathogenetic role in children. The purpose of this study is to estimate, on a sample of children with A.D., the prevalence of F.A. (for fruits and vegetables), and the reliability of diagnosis of Prick+Prick test compared with the usual Prick test, RAST and challenge. Twentysix patients (17 M and 9 F), ranging in age from 5 months to 8 years, were enrolled in the study. All fulfilled the criteria of Hanifin and Rajka for the diagnosis of A.D. Food RAST, prick tests with inhalant and food extracts and Prick+Prick tests with fresh fruits and vegetables were carried out. In the case of positive result to fruits and vegetables with skin tests and/or RAST, open challenge for every type of food considered responsible was carried out, after healing or improvement of dermatitis. Three children (11.53%) suffered from F.A. for fruits and vegetables: allergy to celery of one patient was discovered only by usual Prick test; allergy to tomato and kiwi in another patient was spotted by Prick+Prick only; while in another case by both tests. In this last patient Prick+Prick test revealed a real allergy for 5 aliments (carrot, tomato, celery, cucumber, fennel) of which only 2 (carrot and celery) also caused a reaction with the Prick test. The combined use of both tests made it possible to increase the diagnosis of F.A. both for the number of patients and for a complete identification of implicated foods.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1996

Vegetables, fruit and phytoestrogens as preventive agents.

The practice of medicine-both past and present-often involves the prescription of specific foods (almost always plants) or their potent derivatives, to treat a wide spectrum of illnesses. Foods that have been ascribed healing properties include the Cruciferae, the allium family, celery, cucumber, endive, parsley, radish and legumes. Review of the epidemiological data, including both cohort and case-control studies, of all cancer sites strongly suggests that plant foods also have preventive potential and that consumption of the following groups and types of vegetables and fruits is lower in those who subsequently develop cancer: raw and fresh vegetables, leafy green vegetables, Cruciferae, carrots, broccoli, cabbage, lettuce, and raw and fresh fruit (including tomatoes and citrus fruit). Other data suggest that foods high in phytoestrogens, particularly soy (which contains isoflavones), or high in precursor compounds that can be metabolized by gut bacteria into active agents, particularly some grains and vegetables with woody stems (which contain precursors to lignans), are plausibly associated with a lower risk of sex-hormone-related cancers. The human evidence for these latter associations is not strong. There are many biologically plausible reasons why consumption of plant foods might slow or prevent the appearance of cancer. These include the presence in plant foods of such potentially anticarcinogenic substances as carotenoids, vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, dietary fibre (and its components), dithiolthiones, isothiocyanates, indoles, phenols, protease inhibitors, allium compounds, plant sterols, and limonene. Phytoestrogens are also derived from some vegetables and berries as well as grains and seeds. Most of the data for the observations on the anticarcinogenic potential of all of these compounds have come from animal and in vitro studies. At almost every one of the stages of the cancer process, identified phytochemicals are known to be able to alter the likelihood of carcinogenesis-occasionally in a way that enhances risk but usually in a favourable direction. For example, glucosinolates and indoles, thiocyanates and isothiocyanates, phenols, and coumarins can induce a multiplicity of phase II (solubilizing and usually inactivating) enzymes; ascorbate and phenols block the formation of carcinogens such as nitrosamines; flavonoids and carotenoids act as antioxidants, essentially disabling the carcinogenic potential of specific compounds; lipid-soluble compounds such as carotenoids and sterols may alter membrane structure or integrity; some sulphur-containing compounds suppress DNA and protein synthesis; carotenoids can suppress DNA synthesis and enhance differentiation; and phytoestrogens compete with estradiol for estrogen receptors in a way that is generally antiproliferative. Consumption of diets low in plant foods results in a reduced intake of a wide variety of those substances that can plausibly lower cancer risk. In the presence of a diet and lifestyle high in potential carcinogens (whether derived from fungal contamination, cooking or tobacco) or high in promoters (such as salt and alcohol), overall risk of cancer at many epithelial sites is elevated. Plant foods appear to exert a general risk-lowering effect; the patterns of exposure to cancer initiators and promoters and of genetic susceptibility may determine the variations in the site-specific risks of cancer seen across populations.

Anticarcinogenic Agents↗

PubMed1996

Carotenoid analysis of several dark-green leafy vegetables associated with a lower risk of cancers.

We have examined the carotenoid contents of several dark green vegetables found to be associated with a lower risk of various epithelial cancers in our epidemiological study and animal study. Samples of these vegetables were quantitatively examined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on a C-18 reversed-phase column for individual carotenoid content. Pure reference compounds (alpha-carotene, beta-carotent, lycopene, canthaxanthin, and lutein) and internal standard (beta-Apo-8'-carotenal) were employed to quantify xanthophylls and carotenes in these vegetables. The results indicated that fresh, dark-green, leafy vegetables were high in beta-carotene (0.94-9.36 mg/100 g) and oxygenated carotenoids or xanthophylls, primarily lutein (0.94-7.39 mg/100 g), whereas lycopene and alpha-carotene were not prominent and canthaxanthin was non existent in these vegetables. These analyses suggest that consumption of carotenoids such as lutein in addition to beta-carotene may be associated with a lower risk of cancers.

Carotenoids↗

PubMed1997

[Evaluation of nitrate, nitrite and total protein content in selected vegetables cultivated conventionally and ecologically].

Nitrates, nitrites and total protein content in selected vegetables from conventional and ecological farms were estimated. The beetroots, carrots, potatoes available on market or special shops in January, May and March were evaluated. The content of nitrates and nitrites was determined by colorimetric method with Griess reagent after previous reduction of nitrates to nitrites by metallic cadmium. Total protein content was determined by Kjel-Foss Automatic 16210 analyser working on the basis of classical Kjeldahl method. The higher content of nitrates was found in vegetables from conventional farms. Amounts of nitrates in both groups of vegetables did not exceed allowed limits. Levels of nitrites in ecological and conventional vegetables were similar-above 0.5 mg NaNO2/kg (except conventional potatoes from January). Slightly more content of protein was recorded in conventional vegetables.

Agriculture↗

PubMed1998

Role of different types of vegetables and fruit in the prevention of cancer of the colon, rectum, and breast.

We compared the effect of 26 types or groups of vegetables and fruit on the risk of cancer using data from two case-control studies that included 1,225 cases of cancer of the colon, 728 cases of cancer of the rectum, 2,569 cases of cancer of the breast, and 5,155 hospital controls interviewed between 1991 and 1996 in six Italian areas. Most vegetables were inversely associated with cancer of the colon and rectum, whereas only carrots and raw vegetables lowered breast cancer risk. High fruit intake was associated only with a reduction of rectal cancer. Different contents of sugar, fiber, carotenoids, and folic acid in fruits vs vegetables plus the concurrent consumption of oil with vegetables may partly explain these findings.

Breast Neoplasms↗

PubMed1998

Potential of vegetable processing to increase the delivery of carotenoids to man.

It has been suggested that carotenoids contribute to the inverse association between vegetable consumption and risk for coronary heart disease and cancer. However, there are indications that the bioavailability of beta-carotene from vegetables is less than previously thought. Therefore, it is of interest to explore whether the bioavailability of carotenoids from vegetables can be improved. We have reviewed data on the effect of vegetable processing on carotenoid bioavailability. Based on this analysis, we conclude that processing of vegetables by mechanical homogenization or heat treatment has the potential of increasing the bioavailability of carotenoids. Addition of fat during processing may also have an effect.

Absorption↗

PubMed1991

Vegetative state after closed-head injury. A Traumatic Coma Data Bank Report.

To elucidate the clinical course of the vegetative state after severe closed-head injury, the Traumatic Coma Data Bank was analyzed for outcome at the time of discharge from the hospital and after follow-up intervals ranging up to 3 years after injury. Of 650 patients with closed-head injury available for analysis, 93 (14%) were discharged in a vegetative state. In comparison with conscious survivors, patients in a vegetative state sustained more severe closed-head injury as reflected by the Glasgow Coma Scale scores and pupillary findings and more frequently had diffuse injury complicated by swelling or shift in midline structures. Of 84 patients in a vegetative state who provided follow-up data, 41% became conscious by 6 months, 52% regained consciousness by 1 year, and 58% recovered consciousness within the 3-year follow-up interval. A logistic regression failed to identify predictors of recovery from the vegetative state.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Protective effect of fruits and vegetables on stomach cancer in a cohort of Swedish twins.

Observational studies, primarily of a case-control design, have shown an inverse association of fruit and vegetable consumption with the risk of stomach cancer, a finding tentatively attributed to anti-oxidant vitamins. Ensuing randomized-intervention trials of these vitamins, however, have been mostly negative. Therefore, the seemingly protective effect of fruit and vegetables in case-control studies is suspected to be influenced by the information bias inherent in the retrospective assessment of exposure, particularly since pre-conceptions about the wholesome effects of these foods are common among the public. Our aim was to examine the association of fruit and vegetable intake with the risk of stomach cancer in a prospective cohort study. Fruit and vegetable consumption was assessed in 1967 in 11,546 individuals in the Swedish Twin Registry, along with a wide range of potentially confounding factors. Complete follow-up through 1992 was attained through record linkage to the National Cancer and Death Registers. The relative risk of stomach cancer was estimated in proportional hazards models, with confidence intervals (CIs) adjusted for correlated outcomes. The risk of stomach cancer was inversely related to fruit and vegetable consumption. Controlling for potentially confounding factors, the relative risk among subjects with the lowest compared to those with the highest intake was 5.5 (95% CI 1.7-18.3) with a statistically significant dose-risk trend (p < 0.05). Our results indicate that information bias is not likely to explain the discrepancy between the results of observational studies and of randomized-intervention trials.

Aged↗