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PubMed1980

Factor analysis of the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery III: Writing, arithmetic, memory, left, and right.

In recent years, Golden and his associates have devised and presented a standardized version of Luria's neuropsychological examination. One of the main advantages of this battery over Luria's more qualitative approach is the possibility of examining a number of the theoretical statements made by Luria concerning the relationship of basic psychological skills which make up the tests in each of ten major areas of neuropsychological function. The present paper is the third in a series which examined some of the interrelationships among items on the standardized battery and then compared them to Luria's theoretical structures. To do this, the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery was administered to a mixed neurological, psychiatric and normal population of 270 individuals. From the results of these tests, principle axis factor analyses (with communalities on the diagonal) were done on five scales (Writing, Memory, Arithmetic, Left, and Right) and obliquely rotated to the simplest solution. The resulting factors were found, in general, to conform to the factors predicted by Luria's theory. The interpretation of each factor found is discussed, as well as its implication.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

A comparative, descriptive study of reading and writing skills among non-speaking children: a preliminary study.

For many non-speaking. Bliss-using persons with cerebral palsy (CP), literacy skills seem hard to achieve, although their cognitive functioning and verbal reception skills would predict good reading and writing. The aim of this study was to describe literacy skills in relation to intellectual level and to level of phonological awareness, which are both considered important predictors of literacy in the speaking population. Seven disabled adolescents participated in the study. In a comparison group there were seven children matched for results on a non-verbal intelligence test and a test of phonological awareness. The subjects in the disability group performed on a lower level on reading and spelling variables than the subjects in the comparison group. The results also indicated that the spelling skills of the subjects in the disability group were more developed than their reading skills, and that spelling of words represented by photographs of well-known objects, presented visually only, seemed more difficult than spelling of words presented orally. A tentative explanation of these latter two results was proposed, namely that the phonological awareness of the subjects facilitated spelling, but that access to phonological and orthographic representation of visually presented material might be more difficult than orally presented material for non-speaking persons. The differences between the two groups also suggested that the subjects in the disabled group seemed to have difficulty in benefiting from formal literacy skills training at school.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Semantic priming in the pronunciation of words in two writing systems: Italian and English.

Semantic priming effects in naming Italian and English words were investigated. Experiments 1 and 2 were in Italian. In Experiment 1, the subjects named a target word, which was either associated with or unrelated to a preceding prime. The results showed semantic priming effects. However, in Experiment 2, in which the same materials occurred in a list that also included pseudowords, priming effects were obtained with the lexical decision task, but not with pronunciation. In Experiment 3, the inclusion of pseudowords in the materials prevented priming effects from occurring in Italian, but not in English. Finally, Experiment 4 indicated that, even in Italian, nonlexical reading was abandoned when a few of the to-be-pronounced items required lexical knowledge for correct stress assignment. The findings suggest that reading normally occurs lexically. The characteristics of the various writing systems, however, are relevant in determining the strategies that people may adopt in unusual circumstances.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The summer I learned to write.

A summer course in English grammar challenged a registered nurse student to learn new behaviors and acquire effective writing skills. A confident nursing writer now, the author shares her experience for registered nurse students who continue to face some of the same challenges.

Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Research proposal writing: breaking the myth.

BACKGROUND: Research is an essential activity required for the advancement of science and improvement of human existence. To carry out a research, a proposal is mandatory. However, in spite of the widespread demand for research proposals, experience has shown that a number of them are so poorly written that they rejected by assessors. This article aims at assisting researchers develop acceptable research proposals by reviewing the different components of a research proposal. METHOD: A review of relevant literature on research proposal writing sourced from manual library and internet search was used for this review RESULT: A research proposal is a formal and detailed statement of intent to carry out a research. It presents and justifies a plan of action and shows how the investigator thinks. A research protocol on the other hand is a plan written to seek approval for research from a supervisor or an organization. It is developed as a guide for a study and helps to keep the researcher focused on the topic and scope of the research. A research proposal has the following components: The Title page; The Abstract/Executive Summary; The Introduction/Statement of the Problem; Literature Review; Information on the applicant's centre; The Objectives/Research Questions/Hypotheses; The Study Design; Methods; Plans for Analysis; Data Analysis; Plans for Data Interpretation; Plans to report. Thus, although proposals and protocols are sometimes used interchangeably, a proposal precedes a protocol. CONCLUSION: To reduce the time wastage and frustration faced by intending researchers and their assessors it is essential that good proposals be written at all times.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The sonata form of musical composition as a framework for thesis writing.

In response to Watson's challenge to view the usual in new ways, this article introduces an innovation in writing Master's research and suggests that other structures may offer new and different frameworks for reporting nursing research. This is exemplified by reference to an example of nursing research which adopted the sonata-form of musical composition as the framework for presentation of the thesis.

Academic Dissertations as Topic↗
PubMed1998

Ethical and legal issues in medical writing.

The medical community invests great confidence in published articles and research. It is incumbent on authors to be aware of the ethical responsibilities inherent in medical writing.

Copyright↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of prescription-writing quality in a French university hospital.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the quality of prescription writing at a university hospital in France. DESIGN/PATIENTS: Each of the 42 medical, surgical, and intensive-care departments were invited to participate in the study. The initial medication orders were reviewed for 866 patients, resulting in 3,254 medications prescribed. One prescription per patient was reviewed for a total of 866 patients, presenting 3,254 medications. RESULTS: Of the 866 prescriptions reviewed, 95.5% were dated. Patient identification was complete in 35.3%. The prescriber was identified properly by both full name and signature in 7.5% of prescriptions. Medication information was complete in only 24% of cases. CONCLUSION: This study showed that prescriptions were not written correctly. Results of this study have been disseminated, and education has begun on proper prescription practice.

Drug Prescriptions↗
PubMed1980

Bad writing wastes time, raises costs.

Pompous phrasing, grammatical errors, and incorrect usage plague business. Hospital administrators cannot afford to tolerate unclear writing, which fails to communicate, wastes time, and causes errors.

Communication↗
PubMed1988

Writing procedures and protocols: using the Marker Model.

This is the fourth in a series of articles about writing standards for the operating room. A standards overview was published in the August issue. Structure standards were addressed in September. The first two types of process standards-job descriptions and performance standards-were described in November. The fifth and final article will focus on guidelines and standards of care.

Clinical Protocols↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The nurse as rhetorician. Writing the clinically based article for professional publication.

Effective communication skills are a critical component of quality nursing care. Nurses are modern-day rhetoricians who must rely on their powers of observation, interpretation, and persuasion as they provide care for patients and interact with family members and medical professionals. Clinicians have an obligation to use their rhetorical skills to communicate their knowledge to the wider medical community by publishing in nursing journals. Advice is provided to those intravenous nurse specialists who are interested in writing a clinically based article for a professional publication, such as the Journal of Intravenous Nursing.

Communication↗
PubMed2000

How to write a case report.

BACKGROUND: Since before Hippocrates, case reports have provided a rich resource for teaching and research in medicine. Case reports are published by many prominent journals--more than 140,000 case reports are indexed in MEDLINE from 1996 to present--and a number of narrative guidelines for the preparation of case reports have appeared in the medical literature. To facilitate the preparation of case reports, we reviewed the existing guidelines and a random sampling of published case reports and created a fill-in-the-blanks worksheet for physicians to use to capture unique scientific observations. Although originally developed to assist family practice residents to write case reports, the case report worksheet can be used by physicians in any practice setting and any discipline to collect and report interesting, unusual, or newsworthy cases.

Guidelines as Topic↗
PubMed1999

Writing for publication as an advanced practice nurse.

Advanced practice nurses (APN) develop and test nursing interventions, design initiatives in their organizations, and propose new ways of delivering care to patients and families; however, they frequently do not communicate these innovations to others. This article presents strategies for incorporating professional writing into the role of APN.

Humans↗
PubMed2000

Abstract writing.

A carefully crafted abstract, which catches the essence of a research paper, may determine the acceptance or rejection of the paper for presentation. Yet, the literature on the preparation of abstracts is minimal. Suggestions for what to include in an abstract, how to prepare it, and sources for additional help in developing the skill of abstract writing are provided in a brief article especially for beginning nurse researchers.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A guide to writing and publishing a research article].

It is very difficult to write and have own research articles published if there is nothing new to say, if what is written is not stated in a coomprehensive way or if the editorial notes are not strictely followed. The aim of the article is to sustain and encourage first time authors with a guideline to submit their articles. Phases of a research process are compared with the sections of the article providing the explanation of related contents through some practical advices. As an exsample for future Authors, the research article evaluation form used by this journal is reported.

Guidelines as Topic↗
PubMed2001

Neurocognitive stability in Asperger syndrome, ADHD, and reading and writing disorder: a pilot study.

Boys with Asperger syndrome (n=20), attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (n=20), and reading and writing disorder (n=20) were followed up and retested on several neuropsychological measures 1 to 2 years after initial assessments. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-III) Full Scale, Verbal, and Performance IQ scores remained stable for all diagnostic groups. Kaufman factors and 'fluid' and 'crystallized' abilities were also stable measures. Subtest stability over time, was slightly more variable. There was a tendency for the group with Asperger syndrome to deteriorate over time with respect to logical reasoning abilities. Measures of executive function/attention ('go-no-go' and 'conflict' tests) showed good test-retest stability in all diagnostic groups. This is the first study of its kind.

Asperger Syndrome↗
PubMed2001

Competition for working memory among writing processes.

Narrative, descriptive, and persuasive texts were written by college students in longhand or on a word processor. Participants concurrently detected auditory probes cuing them to retrospect about whether they were planning ideas, translating ideas into sentences, or reviewing ideas or text at the moment the probes occurred. Narrative planning and longhand motor execution presumably were heavily practiced, freeing capacity for rapid probe detection. Spare capacity was distributed equally among all 3 processes, judging from probe reaction times, when planning demands were low in the narrative condition. When motor execution demands were low in the longhand condition, however, reviewing benefited more than planning. The results indicate that planning, translating, and reviewing processes in writing compete for a common, general-purpose resource of working memory.

Adult↗