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Results for “construct validity”

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PubMed1998

The Inventory of Functional Status-Dialysis: development and testing.

OBJECTIVE: Development and psychometric testing of the Inventory of Functional Status-Dialysis (IFS-Dialysis), which was designed to measure functional status in persons who are receiving chronic incenter hemodialysis treatment. DESIGN: Three-phase instrument development design: Phase 1--content validity assessment; Phase 2--examination of internal consistency reliability; Phase 3--examination of construct validity. SAMPLE/SETTING: 175 chronic hemodialysis patients recruited from an urban, free-standing, outpatient dialysis center. METHODS: Content validity was determined using Popham's average congruency proceudre. Internal consistency reliability was determined using Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient. Construct validity was examined by bivariate correlations between the IFS-Dialysis and the Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS), and the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36) in a subsample of 60 patients. RESULTS: Content validity was established at 90%. The alpha reliability coefficient for the IFS-Dialysis was 0.86. Subscale alpha coefficients ranged from 0.71-0.82. Correlation between the IFS-Dialysis and the KPS was 0.55. Correlations between the IFS-Dialysis and SF-36 subscales ranged from 0.14-0.53. CONCLUSIONS: The IFS-Dialysis has acceptable content validity, internal consistency, and initial construct validity. Use of the IFS-Dialysis in clinical practice is appropriate.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed2004

Measuring stigma in children with epilepsy and their parents: instrument development and testing.

PURPOSE: The goal of this work is to describe psychometric properties of two scales measuring perceived stigma in children with epilepsy and their parents. METHODS: Data were collected for the parent scale in two samples: parents of 173 children with epilepsy and of 224 children with new-onset seizures. The child scale was tested in the chronic sample. Content validity, internal consistency reliability, and construct validity were tested. RESULTS: Both scales had strong internal consistency reliability and construct validity. Higher scores were associated with greater seizure severity scores. In the parent scale, lower scores were associated with more positive mood, less worry, and more family leisure activities. In the child scale, higher scores were correlated with more negative attitude, greater worry, poorer self-concept, and more depression symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Both scales were found to have strong psychometric properties. They are short, and items are easy to understand. These scales have potential for use in research and in the clinical setting to measure stigma.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Approaches for assessing the validity of a functional observational battery.

As neurobehavioral assessments during the preliminary stages of chemical testing are more widely undertaken, it is critical that the screening procedures utilized be valid indicators of neurobehavioral function and that they be sensitive, specific, and reliable. Efforts in this laboratory have been directed towards assessing these features in the use of a functional observational battery (FOB). For the purpose of assessing validity, we have examined FOB data which addresses the issues of criterion, predictive, concurrent, and construct validities. The FOB appears to be valid for detecting chemical-induced neurological dysfunction in rats, i.e., shows a good degree of criterion validity. Furthermore, in many instances the effects observed with the FOB may be predictive of symptomatology in humans. When comparisons can be made between effects detected with the FOB and other methods of measuring neurotoxicity (e.g., neuropathology), concurrent validity can also be established. To assess construct validity, effects of neurotoxicants can be classified into functional domains which are described by various measures in the FOB. Approaches for assessing the validity of the test method thus include answering specific research questions directed at assessing criterion, predictive, concurrent, and construct validity. Available data indicate that, in these aspects, the FOB is a valid screening method for the detection of neurotoxicity.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Issues in cross-cultural validity: example from the adaptation, reliability, and validity testing of a Turkish version of the Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire.

OBJECTIVE: Guidelines have been established for cross-cultural adaptation of outcome measures. However, invariance across cultures must also be demonstrated through analysis of Differential Item Functioning (DIF). This is tested in the context of a Turkish adaptation of the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ). METHODS: Internal construct validity of the adapted HAQ is assessed by Rasch analysis; reliability, by internal consistency and the intraclass correlation coefficient; external construct validity, by association with impairments and American College of Rheumatology functional stages. Cross-cultural validity is tested through DIF by comparison with data from the UK version of the HAQ. RESULTS: The adapted version of the HAQ demonstrated good internal construct validity through fit of the data to the Rasch model (mean item fit 0.205; SD 0.998). Reliability was excellent (alpha = 0.97) and external construct validity was confirmed by expected associations. DIF for culture was found in only 1 item. CONCLUSIONS: Cross-cultural validity was found to be sufficient for use in international studies between the UK and Turkey. Future adaptation of instruments should include analysis of DIF at the field testing stage in the adaptation process.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed2007

Development of the Adelaide driving self-efficacy scale.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the development of the Adelaide Driving Self-Efficacy Scale (ADSES) and to report on its reliability and validity. METHODS: A set of 12 driving behaviours, developed through literature review, clinical experience and expert review, were rated for self-efficacy using a Likert scale. Internal consistency was investigated using a Cronbach's alpha coefficient and construct validity by comparing ADSES scores of stroke and non-stroke drivers. Criterion-related validity was examined by comparing ADSES scores with the result on a standardized on-road assessment. SETTING: A rehabilitation hospital in Adelaide, South Australia. PARTICIPANTS: Staff from the hospital and stroke patients from the rehabilitation unit. Data from a non-stroke sample (n -/ 79) and stroke patients (n -/ 81) were used to test internal consistency and construct validity. A separate group of 45 people recommended for a driving assessment, of whom 34 were stroke patients, were used to test criterion validity. RESULTS: Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.98, indicating high internal consistency. The non-stroke and stroke groups showed significant differences in ADSES scores (t(158)-/ 5.5, P B < 0.05), demonstrating construct validity. Differences in ADSES scores for those participants who passed or failed the on-road assessment were significant for both the entire driving assessment group (t(43)-/ 3.2, P B < 0.05) and the stroke subgroup (t(43)-/ 3.2, P B < 0.05), indicating criterion validity. CONCLUSION: The ADSES has demonstrated internal consistency and construct validity with the stroke and non-stroke population. The scale demonstrated criterion validity in its relationship with outcome of an on-road driving assessment. It appears to be a reliable and valid measure of driving self-efficacy.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

Fear of success: the construction and validation of a measuring instrument.

This study constructed an instrument which identifies people who fear success (FOS) in academic areas and conducted a laboratory study which tested the instrument's predictive validity. The theoretical formulation of the FOS phenomenon leads to the expectation that individuals high in the fear of success would demonstrate the following characteristics: low self-esteem, a preoccupation with the evaluative aspects of situations, a competitive orientation, repudiation of competence, and self-sabotage at the approach or attainment of success. The fear of success questionnaire is an 83-item scale with a reliability of .90. In a 2 x 2 factorial design, subjects identified by the FOS questionnaire were given either Success or nonsuccess feedback after completing the first of two equivalent reading tests. The results of the laboratory experiment indicated that there is strong clear evidence of self-sabotage under conditions of success among subjects who scored high on the FOS questionnaire.

Journal Article↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Various components of smoking behavior: construction and validation of a questionnaire].

The general objective of this work was to identify within the smoking population different types of smoking behavior and to determine the multiple pharmacological and psychosocial factors (and their interaction) which could determine these categories of behavior. Our first step was to construct a valid instrument consisting of a questionnaire (self-administered) with the goal to measure the different types of smoking behavior. The second step relevant to the multifactorial approach is actually in progress. Its objective is to determine the relation between the pharmacological and psychosocial factors that could explain the inter-individual differences for smoking behavior. In this paper we present the data obtained from the first step of our research. Our population is composed of 113 smokers of the age of 21 to 40 years to whom we presented a questionnaire "Types of Smoking Behavior" constructed during a preceding step. The data were submitted to different factorial analysis. Thus, a Principal Component Analysis gave us a general factor of smoking behavior or bipolar axis of high/low tobacco use (21.4% VT). The factorial analysis with varimax rotation confirmed the existence of 5 types of smoking behavior. These are "dependence" factor (29.1% VT), "regulation of negative affectivity "factor (11.2% VT), "increase of positive affect" factor (9.3% VT), "stimulation" factor (7.6% VT) and "social integration" factor (6.7% VT). These results allowed us to construct a valid questionnaire of 20 items measuring 5 types of smoking behavior.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Substance versus style: a new look at social desirability in motivating contexts.

Although there is an emerging consensus that social desirability does not meaningfully affect criterion-related validity, several researchers have reaffirmed the argument that social desirability degrades the construct validity of personality measures. Yet, most research demonstrating the adverse consequences of faking for construct validity uses a fake-good instruction set. The consequence of such a manipulation is to exacerbate the effects of response distortion beyond what would be expected under realistic circumstances (e.g., an applicant setting). The research reported in this article was designed to assess these issues by using real-world contexts not influenced by artificial instructions. Results suggest that response distortion has little impact on the construct validity of personality measures used in selection contexts.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

[A system of patient classification: construction and validation of an instrument].

This study had in its aim the construction and the validation of a patient classification instrument which has been based on the patient's individual necessities that require the nursing care. It was considered in the instrument 13 critical indicators: Mental State and Level of Consciousness. Breathing, Vital Signs, Nutrition and Hydration, Movement, Locomotion, Corporeal Hygiene, Eliminations, Therapy, Health Teaching, Behavior, Communication and Skin Integrety. Each one of these indicators has a 1 to 5 gradation denoting an increasing level in the nursing care complexity. The patient is classified in all the indicators in one of the five levels, in the option that better describes his/her situation. The content validation of the instrument was done by the Delphi Technique application through 2 rounds. A team of 15 nursing experts who attend patients or teach in the Medical School in São José do Rio Preto were participants in this research. The obtained results have showed the experts' agreement concerned to: the maintenance of the 13 critical indicators in the instrument; property and intelligibility of the critical indicator contents and the presence of an increasing level in the nursing care complexity.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed2001

Reliability and validity of a modified Colorado Symptom Index in a national homeless sample.

This study examined the reliability and construct validity of a modified version of the Colorado Symptom Index (MCSI), a brief, self-report measure of psychological symptomatology, in a study of interventions to prevent homelessness. Eight projects in a national, cooperative study collected new data at baseline, 6, and 12 months using a set of common measures as well as site-specific instruments. The pooled sample consisted of 1,381 persons in treatment for mental illness or substance abuse (or both), of which 84% had a history of homelessness. The analyses employed classical and Rasch methods to examine the MCSI's content validity, internal consistency and item quality, test/retest reliability, dimensionality, appropriateness for the sample, construct validity, and responsiveness to change. This 14-item scale was found to be a reliable and valid measure of psychological symptoms in this sample. Its content was consistent with other symptom measures, its high internal consistency and test-retest coefficients supported its reliability, its relationships to other measures indicated that it had good construct validity, and it was responsive to change. We conclude that the MC

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

Internal consistency and validity of a new physical workload questionnaire.

AIMS: To examine the dimensionality, internal consistency, and construct validity of a new physical workload questionnaire in employees with musculoskeletal complaints. METHODS: Factor analysis was applied to the responses in three study populations with musculoskeletal disorders (n = 406, 300, and 557) on 26 items related to physical workload. The internal consistency of the resulting subscales was examined. It was hypothesised that physical workload would vary among different occupational groups. The occupations of all subjects were classified into four groups on the basis of expected workload (heavy physical load; long lasting postures and repetitive movements; both; no physical load). Construct validity of the subscales created was tested by comparing the subscale scores among these occupational groups. RESULTS: The pattern of the factor loadings of items was almost identical for the three study populations. Two interpretable factors were found: items related to heavy physical workload loaded highly on the first factor, and items related to static postures or repetitive work loaded highly on the second factor. The first constructed subscale "heavy physical work" had a Cronbach's alpha of 0.92 to 0.93 and the second subscale "long lasting postures and repetitive movements", of 0.86 to 0.87. Six of eight hypotheses regarding the construct validity of the subscales were confirmed. CONCLUSIONS: The results support the internal structure, internal consistency, and validity of the new physical workload questionnaire. Testing this questionnaire in non-symptomatic employees and comparing its performance with objective assessments of physical workload are important next steps in the validation process.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Cognitive assessment of musculoskeletal pain with a newly validated Greek version of the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ).

Fear of pain and avoidance are psychological factors of primary importance when assessing chronic musculoskeletal pain, which are often measured with the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ). Both two- and three-subscale versions have been described. The aims of this study were: to assess the cognitive traits of musculoskeletal pain patients using a newly validated Greek version of the FABQ, and to further examine the construct validity and responsiveness of the measure. Factor analysis yielded three factors that accounted for 65% of the total variance. Physical activity explained 12.3% of the variance and was identical to the original version, unlike the work subscale which split into two: the FABQ work1 related to "work as cause" (15.2% of the variance) and the FABQ work2 related to "work as prognosis" (37.5% of the variance). Internal consistency was good (0.72-0.90). Test-retest reliability was satisfactory and close to the original version both for individual items and the subscales. Responsiveness of the 3-factor model was satisfactorily assessed as the ability to detect: (A) change in general - (paired t test, effect size); (B) clinically important change (paired t test, standardised effect size), and (C) real change in the concept being measured (ROC analysis). Construct validity of the FABQ was shown through the interaction with anxiety and depression, pain control and responsibility, psychological distress and pain intensity, and criterion-related validity through the association with another fear-avoidance measure (TSK). New aspects of responsiveness and construct validity were demonstrated for the FABQ, using a three-subscale validated Greek version.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1980

Reliability and validity of the Group Embedded Figures Test across the life span.

Data from a previous investigation were reanalyzed to determine the split-half reliability and two forms of validity, i.e., internal consistency and construct, of the Group Embedded Figures Test across the life span. Subjects were 175 females, ranging in age from 17 to 72 yr., who fell into one of seven age groups. The Group Embedded Figures had adequate split-half reliability for the entire sample and for each age group. Significant, consistent differences between performance on Parts II and III of the GEFT were found. Estimates of internal consistency were adequate. Though satisfactory construct validity for the total correct on Parts II and III was obtained as correlations with the Portable-Rod-and-Frame Test for the entire sample, the construct validity of the Group Embedded Figures and separate parts was not adequately demonstrated within all age groups.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1987

Psychometric construction and validity of the Pilowsky Illness Behaviour Questionnaire in British patients with chronic low back pain.

The psychometric construction and validity of the 62-item Illness Behaviour Questionnaire has been examined in a study of 200 British patients suffering from chronic low back pain. 25 of the 62 items were unsatisfactory. Three new scales (AHD, LD and SI) represented a statistical improvement on the original scales, but were of little additional value to established measures in the analysis of reported pain or disability. The results indicate the need to reconsider the nature of hypochondriasis and abnormal illness behaviour.

Back Pain↗

PubMed2005

Further psychometric property development of the Menopause-Specific Quality of Life questionnaire and development of a modified version, MENQOL-Intervention questionnaire.

OBJECTIVES: To develop the 1996 MENQOL questionnaire further with advice regarding summary score computation, missing-data management, readability, recall period and assessment of the vasomotor domain reliability and construct validity. To develop a modified version, the MENQOL-Intervention questionnaire, for use where certain treatment side effects could negatively impact the quality of life. METHODS: MENQOL-Intervention modifications involved the addition of three items to the physical domain. For both questionnaires, psychometric property assessment was embedded in two randomized controlled trials of menopause interventions. Test-retest reliability and Cronbach's alpha were computed for all domains as was construct validity of the vasomotor domain for both questionnaires. RESULTS: The vasomotor intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.73 for the MENQOL-Intervention over 1 week and 0.78 for the MENQOL over 1 month. The altered physical domain of the MENQOL-Intervention questionnaire continued to show strong test-retest reliability and Cronbach's alpha consistent with the MENQOL. The MENQOL-Intervention demonstrated excellent face validity with high construct validity for the vasomotor domain of 0.78-0.80. For both instruments, comparisons of the vasomotor domains to hot flash scores, although statistically significant, were only moderate at 0.56 and 0.49. CONCLUSIONS: Both the MENQOL and the MENQOL-Intervention questionnaires show strong psychometric properties. We recommend using the MENQOL-Intervention questionnaire where intervention side effects might negatively impact a woman's quality of life. For both questionnaires, a summary score can be calculated.

Breast↗

PubMed2000

Validity and factorial invariance of the Social Physique Anxiety Scale.

PURPOSE: The present study 1) tested whether the two-factor model to the 12-item Social Physique Anxiety Scale (SPAS) was substantively meaningful or a methodological artifact representing positively and negatively worded items, 2) assessed the factorial validity of the nine-item unidimensional model to the SPAS, 3) examined whether modifying the number of SPAS items would improve the factorial validity. 4) evaluated the factorial invariance of the SPAS across gender, and 5) explored the construct validity of SPAS scores. METHODS: Female (N = 146) and male (N = 166) college students (22.2 +/- 4.0 yr) in lecture (N = 103) and physical activity (N = 209) courses completed the SPAS, Physical Self-Efficacy Scale (PSES), Surveillance subscale of the Objectified Body Consciousness Scale (S-OBCS), and short form of the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (SDS-C). RESULTS: Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) revealed that the two-factor model to the 12-item SPAS was a methodological artifact representing positively and negatively worded items. CFA indicated that the nine-item unidimensional model represented an acceptable fit to the SPAS, but it also could be improved. Modifications based on standardized residuals and item content led to the removal of two items and a seven-item unidimensional solution to the SPAS. The nine- and seven-item models demonstrated factorial invariance across gender. Correlation analyses between nine- and seven-item SPAS scores to PSES, S-OBCS, and SDS-C provided support for the construct validity. CONCLUSIONS: The nine- and seven-item unidimensional models to the SPAS demonstrated evidence of factorial validity, factorial invariance, and construct validity; the two-factor model to the SPAS represented a methodological artifact.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The Japanese version of the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire: its reliability and validity for lifetime depression in a working population.

We have developed a Japanese version of the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire (DEQ), devised by Blatt et al., for assessing depression-prone personality and examined the questionnaire's reliability (test-retest reliability and internal consistency) and validity. To examine the questionnaire's validity, we evaluated its factorial validity and discriminant power for depression (i.e., construct validity). To test the construct validity of the DEQ with and without depression proneness, the scores on the DEQ subscales were compared between subjects with and without a lifetime history of major depressive disorder (MDD). The Inventory to Diagnose Depression, Lifetime version (IDDL), was used to identify lifetime depression. The reliability tests showed that the Japanese version has reliability almost similar to that of the original version. While the self-criticism has good reliability, the dependency appears to have only modest reliability. In the comparisons between subjects with and without lifetime histories of major depression, the former had significantly higher scores on the self-criticism dimension of the DEQ than did the latter, suggesting that the Japanese version of the DEQ, especially the self-criticism, may have the ability to distinguish individuals with lifetime depression from normal controls. We conclude that the DEQ is an acceptable instrument for assessing the depression-prone personality.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Validation of questionnaires from several medical fields regarding the constitution of patients.

INTRODUCTION: To consider or determine an individual's 'warm and cold' constitution is common part of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Indian medicine (Ayurveda), anthroposophic medicine and classical natural medicine. OBJECTIVE: Common psychometric characteristics of 4 questionnaires should be examined. METHODS: 110 cancer patients and 110 non-cancer patients were asked to answer these questionnaires twice 4 weeks apart. Subsequent validation of the questionnaires included psychometrical qualities of item acceptability, sensitivity to change, construct validity (homogeneity), re-test reliability and group comparison. RESULTS: The Ayurveda questionnaire was considered suitable after reducing the questions from 22 to 8 (internal construct validity kappa = 0.64). The TCM questionnaire was considered unsuitable in our model because of the absence of construct validity. The questionnaire on anthroposophic medicine was considered a suitable and reliable tool with alpha = 0.57 (Cronbach's alpha) and r = 0.61 (re-test reliability) after reducing the questions from 6 to 4. The questionnaire on sensitivity to temperatures based on classical natural medicine was considered suitable after reducing the questions from 10 to 8 (alpha = 0.58; r = 0.73). Cancer and non-cancer patients differ in only one item, i.e. in their sensitivities to cold. CONCLUSION: The questionnaires for anthroposophic medicine, Ayurveda medicine and sensitivity to temperatures are in part suitable and reliable for determining individual constitutions according to their medical philosophy. The questionnaire based on traditional Chinese medicine failed these criteria. A difference between patients with or without malignant disease was only observed for sensitivity to temperatures. The anthroposophic hypothesis that cancer either changes an individual's thermic constitution or is caused by such a change could not be confirmed in this study.

Body Temperature↗