Clinical evaluation of hostility in depression.
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Hospice caregivers are often targets of appropriate or displaced anger from the patients and family members that they try to help. Although anger is often an essential part of the grieving process, it may be difficult to endure. Caregivers must therefore understand the causes and signs of anger in themselves, patients, and family members, and find strategies to reduce the anger. A therapeutic response to anger will better facilitate the grief process as well as the effectiveness and well-being of the hospice caregiver.
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Life events in 82 self-poisoning subjects were studied using the Bedford College LEDS to see whether there was a difference between those who had a clear depressive syndrome (according to the Present State Examination) and the remainder. Equally high levels of severely threatening events were found in the depressed and non-depressed groups, but the former were older, had experienced more chronic difficulties and had been treated more often in the past for depression. Greatest numbers of life events were found in those with high levels of extrapunitiveness (recorded on the HDHQ), whereas those who had not experienced a severe life event showed predominance of intropunitiveness. Suicidal intent was not related to experience of life events, but has previously been shown to be associated with high intropunitiveness. The findings are discussed in the light of current theories linking life events, depression and parasuicide, and emphasise the need for longitudinal studies to examine these factors in relation to repeated parasuicide.
Attributional bias and social problem-solving deficits in two groups of adult males (aggressive vs. nonaggressive) with mild mental retardation were investigated. When presented with vignettes depicting various problem situations, aggressive participants were less accurate in correctly identifying interpersonal intent, characterized by more problem-solving deficits, and generated higher numbers of aggressive solutions to resolve problems as compared to their nonaggressive counterparts. The present results support the applicability of contemporary models of social information processing and adjustment with regard to reactive aggression to men with mental retardation.