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PubMed2004

An efficient and anonymous buyer-seller watermarking protocol.

For the purpose of deterring unauthorized duplication and distribution of multimedia contents, a seller may insert a unique digital watermark into each copy of the multimedia contents to be sold. When an illegal replica is found in the market sometime later, the seller can determine the responsible distributor by examining the watermark embedded. However, the accusation against the charged distributor, who was the buyer in some earlier transaction, is objectionable because the seller also has access to the watermarked copies and, hence, is able to release such a replica on her own. In this paper, a watermarking protocol is proposed to avoid such difficulties, known as the customer's right problem, in the phase of arbitration. The proposed watermarking protocol also provides a fix to Memon and Wong's scheme by solving the unbinding problem. In addition, the buyer is no longer required to contact the watermark certification authority during transactions, and the anonymity of the buyer can be retained through a trusted third party. The result is an efficient and anonymous buyer-seller watermarking protocol.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2006

Lossless watermarking for image authentication: a new framework and an implementation.

We present a novel framework for lossless (invertible) authentication watermarking, which enables zero-distortion reconstruction of the un-watermarked images upon verification. As opposed to earlier lossless authentication methods that required reconstruction of the original image prior to validation, the new framework allows validation of the watermarked images before recovery of the original image. This reduces computational requirements in situations when either the verification step fails or the zero-distortion reconstruction is not needed. For verified images, integrity of the reconstructed image is ensured by the uniqueness of the reconstruction procedure. The framework also enables public(-key) authentication without granting access to the perfect original and allows for efficient tamper localization. Effectiveness of the framework is demonstrated by implementing the framework using hierarchical image authentication along with lossless generalized-least significant bit data embedding.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2006

Optimization of requantization codebook for vector quantization.

Requantization is a key technology for reducing the bit rate of a previously compressed data. When recompression ratio is high, the requantizer may cause unacceptable quality degradation. To improve the quality of the requantized image, an optimization scheme for the requantization codebook has been proposed. The proposed scheme constructs an optimal requantization codebook in an iterative manner for a given original quantization codebook of transmitter. The construction of codebook is iteratively repeated until they reach a local optimum solution. Our approach can be applied not only to the scalar quantization, but to any method which employs vector quantization-based system. Simulation results show that the optimized system based on the proposed algorithm outperforms the conventional system which is made without consideration of requantization. The proposed algorithm enables a reliable image communication over heterogeneous networks.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2006

Personal recognition using hand shape and texture.

This paper proposes a new bimodal biometric system using feature-level fusion of hand shape and palm texture. The proposed combination is of significance since both the palmprint and hand-shape images are proposed to be extracted from the single hand image acquired from a digital camera. Several new hand-shape features that can be used to represent the hand shape and improve the performance are investigated. The new approach for palmprint recognition using discrete cosine transform coefficients, which can be directly obtained from the camera hardware, is demonstrated. None of the prior work on hand-shape or palmprint recognition has given any attention on the critical issue of feature selection. Our experimental results demonstrate that while majority of palmprint or hand-shape features are useful in predicting the subjects identity, only a small subset of these features are necessary in practice for building an accurate model for identification. The comparison and combination of proposed features is evaluated on the diverse classification schemes; naive Bayes (normal, estimated, multinomial), decision trees (C4.5, LMT), k-NN, SVM, and FFN. Although more work remains to be done, our results to date indicate that the combination of selected hand-shape and palmprint features constitutes a promising addition to the biometrics-based personal recognition systems.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1999

ScienceLabDatabase: a computer program to organize a molecular biology laboratory.

A description of a novel laboratory management software is provided. ScienceLabDatabase (SLD) offers a useful platform to organize a molecular biology research laboratory. The program manages stocks of biological samples, including plasmids, antibodies and cell lines, laboratory protocols and addresses, and it includes an easy ordering and funds managing system. Preformed data sheet templates help to store and maintain valuable information on samples or reagents and to facilitate the transfer of accurate information between researchers. Password protection regulates access, and simple button functions allow the use of this system without prior database knowledge. SLD is based on FileMaker Pro Version 4.0, which allows easy customization and import of preexisting data from other applications. The SLD program was successfully tested in several independent research groups and proved a useful tool to efficiently organize a molecular biology laboratory.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1999

Privacy, confidentiality, and security in information systems of state health agencies.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the employment and status of privacy, confidentiality, security and fair information practices in electronic information systems of U.S. state health agencies. METHODS: A survey instrument was developed and administered to key contacts within the state health agencies of each of the 50 U.S. states, Puerto Rico and the District of Columbia. RESULTS: About a third of U.S. state health agencies have no written policies in place regarding privacy and confidentiality in electronic information systems. The doctrines of fair information practice often seemed to be ignored. One quarter of the agencies reported at least one security breach during the past two years, and 16% experienced a privacy and confidentiality related transgression. Most of the breaches were committed by personnel from within the agencies. CONCLUSIONS: These results raise questions about the integrity of existing privacy, confidentiality and security measures in the information systems of U.S. state health agencies. Recommendations include the development and vigorous enforcement of written privacy and confidentiality policies, increased personnel training, and expanded implementation of security measures such as encryption and system firewalls. A discussion of the current status of U.S. privacy, confidentiality and security issues is offered.

Computer Security↗
PubMed1996

Measures implemented to project personal privacy for an on-line national patient index: a case study.

Increasing use of electronic data storage and exchange is inevitable. Although of considerable benefit to all concerned, they pose a potential threat to personal privacy. Measures to protect personal privacy in national information networks are essential. These and related security issues require the highest priority in strategic planning because experience shows that poor handling of security is the single factor most likely to lead to rejection of a system. It is increasingly important to be able to identify individuals uniquely for health-related purposes, and implementation of an on-line master index is the approach that has been adopted in New Zealand to address this need. Such an index, however, contains personal information, the privacy of which must be respected. Substituting the unique identifier for all personal details in electronic messages can provide a degree of security as long as access to the index is controlled and usage is monitored. The article outlines the measures, technical and otherwise, implemented to manage security concerns successfully in that context.

Computer Security↗
PubMed1996

Securing the Internet frontier.

Just as in the Wild West, security strategies are being mobilized for the untamed Internet frontier. Technology developed by settlers from the banking and merchandising industries is being retooled for healthcare, where security-conscious industries see a big market opportunity.

Authorship↗
PubMed1996

The SEISMED High Level Security Policy for Health Care.

The proliferation of the use of automated Health Information Systems in the everyday practice of health professionals has brought a number of issues related to the security of health information to a critical point. The preservation of security of health-related information can only be achieved through a concerted approach, comprising legal, organisational, technical and educational actions. These classes of actions constitute a complete "security framework", a key aspect of which is the set of rules, laws and regulations that govern the usage of information within a Health Care Establishment. This set is commonly referred to as "Security Policy". In this paper, the SEISMED High Level Security Policy for Health Care Establishments is presented.

Computer Security↗
PubMed1998

The gap: HIPAA and secure IT.

The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) had many objectives and IT implications. But the greatest area of concern for most providers is security and privacy of electronic patient information.

Career Mobility↗
PubMed2001

Is the future in the cards?

Smart cards have yet to catch on in health care. Applications for data security and marketing, however, could boost their use.

Computer Security↗
PubMed2004

Use of the ISO/IEC 17799 framework in healthcare information security management.

Shared care implies sharing information. This requires a common concept of information security among healthcare providers and a system to maintain compliance to the security requirements within the healthcare community. This paper describes the use of the Code of Practice for Information Security Management ISO/IEC 17799 as a general framework for establishing a set of controls for information security in a particular organisation and as a framework for standards on information security in healthcare and their implementation.

Access to Information↗
PubMed2004

Privacy enhancing techniques in E-health: an overview.

This overview highlights the relevance of Privacy Enhancing Techniques (PETs) in the context of e-Health. A number of validated privacy protecting techniques is briefly presented. The implementation of such PETs could provoke, for a number of applications, a shift in paradigm, namely from "Privacy through Security" to "Security through Privacy".

Belgium↗
PubMed1995

An information security management strategy for healthcare institutions.

This paper starts with a criticism of existing security management practices and argues why they are not adequate for health care enterprises and institutions. It further outlines a sociotechnical perspective on information security, from which an alternative approach and strategy for information security management practice is suggested.

Computer Security↗