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Results for “AIR POLLUTION, RADIOACTIVE”

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PubMedDate not supplied

[Radioactive aerosols formed by fires in regions polluted by products of the Chernobyl accident].

Fires during summer period of 1992 within 30-km zone near Chernobyl NPP lead to short-term increase of both 137Cs concentration in the air and ratios 137Cs/90Sr and 137Cs/238Pu as compared to quite conditions. The concentration of 137Cs resulted from the fires of various types was estimated. It was found that this value could exceed the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) for population if the soil contamination density was greater than 0.5 Ci/km2 and MPC for professionals at contamination density 7 Ci/km2. Fires lead to increase in inhaled radiation dose, whereas exposure dose rate remains unchanged.

Aerosols↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Factors affecting the trapping performance of xenon holdup--filters in nuclear medicine applications.

Activated charcoal traps are used in nuclear medicine departments to capture exhaled radioactive xenon gas. In the present study, the trapping performance of charcoal was investigated for different physical qualities in experimental and clinical situations. Various factors affecting the trapping capacity are identified, such as the charcoal mass, moisture and carbon-dioxide concentrations in the sweep gas, gas-flow rate through the trap, and temperature. Improper drying of the exhaled air prior to passage through the charcoal bed appears to be a critical factor, leading to a much earlier breakthrough of xenon. Commercial xenon traps intended for ambient temperature operation were found to be useful only for a limited number of patients due to an early breakthrough point. By refrigerating the trap, however, a much larger capacity was achieved. If correctly managed, xenon traps constitute a useful alternative for isolating radioactive xenon wastes in clinical and experimental applications.

Air Pollution, Radioactive↗
PubMed1974

Environmental radiation and the lung.

Environmental sources of radioactive materials and their relation to lung doses and lung burdens are described. The approaches used and the problems encountered in estimating lung doses are illustrated. Exposure to radon daughter products is contrasted to exposure to plutonium as particular examples of the hazards associated with radioactive materials of different chemical and physical characteristics.

Air Pollution, Radioactive↗
PubMed2001

Radiological impact in Greece of the Chernobyl accident--a 10-y retrospective synopsis.

The present study summarizes the published results of the studies of the Environmental Radioactivity Laboratory on the radiological impact in Greece of the Chernobyl nuclear accident. Some unpublished data from personal communications also have been used to present the time evolution of the studies. The radiological impact in Greece of the Chernobyl accident is examined in two separate phases: that of the acute effects and that of the delayed effects. Some measurements cover the whole period from the accidental pollution to the return to pre-accident levels and are used for estimations of ecological half-lives. The composition of radioactive fallout is examined, and the integrated concentrations of the principal radionuclides in the fallout are presented. The variations in the air concentrations of certain radionuclides and those of the gamma-ray intensity are presented as well. Some results from the study of hot particles detected during the acute phase are also given. The radioactive contamination of abiotic environmental components, food, and crops during the acute and the delayed effects phases are discussed in relation to the radiological impact on the population.

Air Pollution, Radioactive↗