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Results for “Auditory Threshold”

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At least 919 records · Page 51Linked to original sources

PubMed2002

[Surgical treatment of inflammatory labyrinthine fistulae 23 cases].

OBJECTIVE: To report the experience of surgical treatment of inflammatory labyrinthine fistula (LF). METHOD: Twenty-three patients with cholesteatomatous otitis media complicated with LF underwent mastoidectomy, surgical repair and obliteration of LF. After removal of cholesteatoma matrix and inflammatory lesion around fistula, the fistulae were treated as following procedures: fistulae less than 2 mm in diameter were overlaid with fascia (7 cases), those 2 to 3 mm were obliterated with bone chips and fascia (13 cases), and for those more than 3 mm, the bony semicircular canal lumen were packed with fascia and bone chips, then overlaid with fascia. RESULT: In 23 patients with LF, which included 22 lateral semicircular canal fistulae (SCF) and one lateral combined with posterior SCF, two patients lost follow-up and 21 cases were observed with an average follow-up period of 2.5 years. In this series of cases, vertigo disappeared in 17 and diminished in 2. With the exception of total deafness in two cases, the average auditory thresholds in speech frequencies remained unchanged, showing that the thresholds of air conduction (AC) and bone conduction (BC) were 67.1 dB HL and 37.1 dB HL prior operation versus 69.1 dB HL and 30.6 dB HL after operation, respectively. CONCLUSION: Because of structural barrier between superior and inferior labyrinth and inflammatory adhesions, surgical treatment of inflammatory LF is feasible and effective. Successful operation depends on excellent microsurgery skill, complete removal of inflammatory lesion, precise obliteration of fistula, post-operative administration of antibiotics and steroids and close follow-up. In addition to fistula test, axial petrous bone CT scan is a good complemental method in preoperative diagnosis of LF.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Cochlear implantation: a bionic system to restore hearing in severely hearing impaired patients.

CI replaces and functionally bypasses the inner haircells of the cochlea. Candidate selection is not merely based on non-aided auditory thresholds, but aided speech recognition tests in quite and in noise after a rehabilitation period may be decisive, besides a comprehensive selection process including general health, imaging, learning and cognitive skills, supportive aspect of the environment. The vast majority of severely or profoundly hearing impaired persons can benefit from CI. CI restores hearing of adults to a level allowing normal conversation, using the telephone and even understanding in a limited amount of background noise. Congenitally severely or profoundly hearing impaired children implanted before the age of 2 years, will outperform patients operated at a later age, allowing to follow mainstream education. CI is not just a technique, but the driving force behind an elaborate care-programme for the severely hearing impaired patient.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1990

Selective chemical vestibulectomy.

In an attempt to destroy selectively the affected peripheral vestibular labyrinth in patients with intractable vertigo as a result of Meniere's disease, a known quantity of streptomycin was introduced within the bony labyrinth following fenestration of the horizontal semicircular canal. Initial laboratory results in animal models proved that near total ablation of the vestibular end-organs (including the hair cell population of the cristae ampularis, utricle, and to some extent the saccule) could be achieved chemically without involvement of the cochlear hair cell population. The exact dose required to accomplish this in the animal model was 250 micrograms of streptomycin. However, this dose proved excessive in initial human application possibly because the animals had excellent hearing in nondiseased ears while our patients uniformly had long standing inner ear disease with marked decrease in auditory thresholds. The current dose of streptomycin utilized is 125 micrograms, and patients treated thus far have maintained (or improved) their preoperative audiologic pure tone average. The aim of this preliminary report is to detail our developmental animal research and subsequent clinical application of selective chemical vestibulectomy (SCV) in 15 patients with intractable vertigo as a result of Meniere's disease, which have failed conventional medical management.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

[Study of the functional status of miners working in deep coal mines based on the results of mass screening].

A clinical survey has been performed of 1640 miners engaged in deep mines characterized by steep geological strata, as a result of which increased disorders have been registered in audio, nervous, cardiovascular and respiratory systems. The maximum shifts of the acoustic analizer were identified in the frequency range of 4000 hertz by 10-12 years and in the speech frequency range by 14 years. Audiologic tests revealed assymmetries in auditory threshold shifts of both right and left ears in all 1640 cases studied.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

[Hygienic evaluation of physical characteristics of the effect of impulse noise on stampers and blacksmiths and hearing loss and its prevention].

The investigation of sanitary working conditions of stampers and blacksmiths revealed that intense impulse noise of complex time and stochatic structure was a major health adverse factor. Noise levels exceeding 110 dB played an important role in the formation of general noise load, thus acoustic sensitivity being modified. Close correlation was established between exposition and the recovery space of time auditory threshold deviation characterizing analyzer's stress. High effectiveness of new individual means of noise protection was demonstrated along with the necessity of developing requirements for noise characteristics of impulse noise-generating machines.

Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced↗

PubMed1988

High-frequency audiometric changes after stapedectomy.

It is possible that, when the labyrinth is opened in stapedectomy, some form of alteration may occur within it, even if it is not detected postoperatively by routine audiometry. Injuries against the inner ear usually impair the hearing at the highest frequencies. We can assess bone-conduction hearing up to 20 kHz by means of a high-frequency audiometer. Twenty-five patients were examined with conventional and high-frequency audiometry (HFA) before and after successful stapedectomy. Conventional audiometry showed a good postoperative improvement in the low and middle frequencies. HFA showed a lowering of the auditory thresholds above 8 kHz in 20 patients (83.4%), which was not evident with conventional audiometry because it occurred above its upper frequency limit. HFA is a very valuable means of assessing the results of ear surgery, and can be used to compare different surgical techniques.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

[Ear protective plugs].

The authors present results of studies of application of polyurethane foam to produce individual sound-absorbing ear plugs. In addition to physico-mechanical properties of the foam, the authors present its optimum prescribed composition, ensuring appropriate attenuation qualities, flexibility, softness and long -- lasting strain relaxation -- i.e. the conditions resulting in excellent filling of external auditory meatus, masking effect and utilization comfort. The efficiency of attenuation of sounds by the plugs, tested audiometrically by the method of auditory threshold shift in otologically healthy subjects ranges from 12.25 dB (250 Hz) to 29.75 dB (4000 Hz). No significant inflammatory reactions in external ear skin were found after 8 hrs of continuous wearing of ranges under the work conditions typical for the textile industry. The results demonstrate that the polyurethane foam, developed by the authors, are valuable ear protectors, of advantageous functional qualities.

Ear Protective Devices↗

PubMed1972

Ototraumatic effects of hard rock music.

Temporary and permanent shifts in auditory thresholds were found in 43 hard rock musicians and temporary shifts were also observed in some listeners. The threshold shifts involved all of the conventional puretone test frequencies. Custom-fitted polyvinyl chloride ear protectors were found to be effective in prevention of these noise-induced hearing losses.

Adult↗

PubMed1967

Acoustic trauma from rock-and-roll music.

Analysis of certain measurements of noise levels and frequency distributions in two rock-and-roll music establishments indicated that this program material can produce temporary auditory threshold shifts and is of an order that has been recognized as entailing risk of permanent ear damage.

Amplifiers, Electronic↗

PubMed1983

Energy dispersive x-ray analysis of inner ear fluids and tissues during the ontogeny of cochlear function.

Energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDXA) was used to characterize freeze-dried, microdissected samples of inner ear fluids and tissues from neonatal gerbils throughout the period of cochlear functional development, between 10 and 18 days after birth. EDXA spectra from endolymph residue demonstrated that the adult ionic composition of this fluid is established before functional onset, and before the appearance of the endocochlear potential. However, stria vascularis spectra showed substantial increases in relative phosphorus and sodium content during the period in which auditory thresholds improve by approximately 100 dB, in which the endocochlear potential appears and increases to its adult value, and in which the level of metabolism of the stria increases dramatically. The increase in relative phosphorus content of stria in particular occurred with a time course which was very similar to, though slightly earlier than, that of the developmental increase in the endocochlear potential. It is concluded that increases in the relative phosphorus content of stria may represent increases in inorganic phosphate associated with strial metabolism. Increases in relative sodium content may reflect the action of an ion transport system which directs this element into strial cells during generation of the endocochlear potential.

Aging↗

PubMed1980

A workable approach to the identification of neonatal hearing impairment.

The American Hearing Research Foundation has developed a regional Infant Screening Program in the state of Illinois, designed to meet the vital need for early identification of hearing impairment on a mass scale. The four major components of the program include: 1. Application of the High Risk Register to the general newborn population, 2. Hearing Screening in the Intensive Care Nursery, 3. Electrophysiologic confirmation with Brain Stem Electric Response testing and 4. Subsequent and immediate remediation and/or habilitation. Brain Stem Electric Response Audiometry (BERA) has been shown to be an accurate and sensitive clinical tool for obtaining auditory thresholds in infants from birth. At the Donald T. Forsythe Otologic Laboratory in Mercy Hospital, Chicago, IL, over 250 infants and young children have been tested in a controlled study with BERA to establish or rule-out the diagnosis of hearing impairment. The use of BERA preceded by screening of a refined neonatal population has proven to be an effective method of early identification. The goals of the program are: 1. To identify hearing impaired children prior to passage of the critical periods, 2. To medically or surgically classify and treat and/or auditorily habilitate, and 3. To ultimately improve the quality of life of the child born with hearing impairment.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗

PubMed1995

[Aviation noise as an ecological environmental factor].

Average diurnal doses of noise, received by aviation engineers servicing up-to-date aircrafts and living near air fields, were analyzed. The doses appeared to outnumber the normal values, especially during the work and the sleep. The examinees living in 1-2 km from air fields were proved to have significantly higher auditory thresholds for 1,000-8,000 Hz, in comparison with the examinees residing 5-6 km apart. The excessive noise associated with no occupational matters worsens the hearing restoration after the work, promotes accumulation of the hearing fatigue. Those facts were proved by experiments with audiometry and impedometry. The studies stressed the importance of aviation noise as ecologic factor.

Aircraft↗

PubMed1997

Lack of association between hearing loss and glaucoma.

Some studies have suggested a relationship between glaucoma and sensorineural hearing loss. Others have found no evidence for an association. We performed a study to determine whether there is a significant difference in hearing between patients with glaucoma and a matched control population. Patients presenting themselves to a glaucoma clinic were grouped by type of glaucoma: uveitis, primary open-angle, pigmentary, pigmentary dispersion, congenital, or ocular hypertension. Patients older than 60 were excluded from the study, as were those who met certain carefully chosen exclusion criteria. Subjects included 40 men and 27 women, ranging in age from 15 to 60 years. Glaucoma was bilateral in all cases. Auditory thresholds at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 kHz were measured bilaterally and statistically compared with American National Standards Institute (ANSI) normative values. Speech reception threshold and intelligibility were also assessed. When compared with speech ANSI values, there were no significant differences in mean thresholds at any frequency for any of the glaucoma types. Mean speech reception thresholds and intelligibility scores were all within normal limits and no subjects showed evidence of sensorineural hearing loss greater than expected for age. There were no differences between glaucoma groups, and we found no evidence of an association between glaucoma and hearing loss. There is disagreement about whether or not an association exists between glaucoma and hearing loss. Among those who do feel there is a relation, there is wide disagreement about what proportion of glaucomatous patients have a hearing loss. Rampoldi (1) first described an association between glaucoma and inner ear disease in 1889. Since that time, a number of reports have suggested such an association (2-4; 6-12). However, many of these studies are methodologically flawed. A few studies found no evidence of a relationship between glaucoma and sensorineural hearing loss (14, 15). There have been few reports since the 1970s, and the question remains unresolved. If there is, in fact, a relationship between glaucoma and inner ear disease, potentially much could be learned about certain forms of hearing loss from the study of glaucoma. In particular, surgical specimens (trabecular meshwork) could be obtained in those patients who undergo operations for their glaucoma. This tissue could be examined using current histopathological techniques. On the basis of the results, hypotheses might be made, by inference about which pathological processes are manifested in the inner ear. Therefore, we performed a study to evaluate whether there is a significant difference in hearing between patients with glaucoma and a matched control population.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

Conservation of residual hearing with cochlear implantation.

HYPOTHESIS: The goals of this work were (a) to review the pre- and postsurgical auditory thresholds in a consecutive sample of cochlear implant recipients to determine the fate of residual hearing, and (b) to obtain preliminary indication of the value of a multicenter longitudinal study of residual hearing in implant patients. BACKGROUND: Indications for cochlear implantation have been expanded to include severely hearing impaired (SHI) adults and may someday include SHI children. Implantation of individuals with more residual hearing is a concern owing to the possible development of better devices that may make use of residual hearing within the lifetime of implanted children if not that of adults. Preservation of residual hearing would be a desirable outcome of implant surgery; however, conventional thought is that implantation destroys any remaining hearing. This study was undertaken to assess if and how often conservation of hearing occurred after implantation in a sample of multichannel implant recipients. METHODS: Records of 50 profoundly hearing impaired consecutively implanted patients were examined for pre- and post-surgical audiometric results. Standard audiometric techniques were used for all testing procedures. Forty patients were considered to have some hearing conserved based on a response obtained at any one of the three speech frequencies prior to implantation. The most recent postimplantation audiometric results were used providing data from users with 1-41 months of use. RESULTS: Twenty-one of 40 implanted subjects were found to have responses in at least one of the speech frequencies both pre- and postsurgery, with the majority of those displaying responses at all three frequencies. In this preliminary retrospective study, it did not appear that duration of cochlear implant use, gender, level of preoperative hearing, or length of electrode insertion were related to outcome. There were insufficient data to draw conclusions on individual devices. CONCLUSIONS: Conservation of hearing occurred in approximately half of the subjects reviewed. There is no indication of what factors contributed to the preservation of hearing in those with postsurgical residual hearing or if that hearing is usable. The study does suggest that a larger multicenter longitudinal study would be of value of determine what factors may be related to conserved hearing in implanted patients.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

[Fluctuant perception hearing loss after hepatitis B vaccine].

A 42 year old physician doctor presented with temporary tinnitus after a first dose of a hepatitis B vaccination (Engerix B*). One month after, a fluctuant sensori-neural hearing loss with tinnitus appeared few hours after a second dose of hepatitis B vaccination (Engerix B*). The auditory thresholds varied from 45 dBHL and 0 dBHL for low frequencies below 1.5 kHz. The fluctuant hearing loss and tinnitus disappeared after a 6 month course.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

[Treatment of neurosensory hypoacusis of antibiotic and non-antibiotic etiology with mydocalm and nootropil: comparison of efficacy].

Mydocalm and nootropil combination was used for treatment of antibiotic neurosensory hypoacusia (24 patients) and non-antibiotic hypoacusis (11 patients). 100 mg of mydocalm was diluted in 10.0 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride and injected intravenously. 20% solution of nootropil (5.0 ml) was injected intramuscularly. The 14-day course produced subjective response. Noise in the ears and heavy head feeling disappeared. As shown by measurements of auditory thresholds, improvement of hearing was only subjective. The responses were similar in both groups of patients.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Threshold changes in auditory brainstem response (ABR) due to the administration of kanamycin in dogs.

Auditory brainstem response (ABR) is a useful method in evaluating auditory function in human. To investigate the ABR threshold is more effective than to pursue the trends in each component of ABR. In this study, tone burst sound stimuli were employed and the ABR threshold shift caused by kanamycin administration was investigated in dogs. In a series of monitoring of ABR against short-period auditory lesions, changes in the ABR waveform after intravenous administration of kanamycin were detected. These changes returned gradually and were reversible. The changes in ABR against long-period auditory function disorder were perceived by an increase in the ABR threshold. The ABR threshold shift occurred earlier in the high frequency sounds than in the lower frequency sounds. This is why amino glycoside antibiotics damage the cochlear hair cells in the basal layer and lead to the loss of hearing selectively for high frequency tones. These findings suggest that tracing of the ABR threshold by tone bursts could provide information that has a specificity for frequency in hearing tests and is a useful method in clinical veterinary medicine or/and toxicological tests.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Bone-conduction masking for threshold assessment in auditory brain stem response testing.

The viability of applying Sensorineural Acuity Level (SAL) audiometry to auditory brain stem response (ABR) testing was investigated using 38 subjects with normal hearing, conductive, sensorineural, and mixed hearing losses. The stimuli were clicks, 4000, 2000, and 1000 Hz tone-pips. After ABR thresholds (ABRt) were obtained, bone-conducted noise was used to mask the response to a stimulus 5 dB above ABR threshold (ABRt + 5). Estimates of behavioral bone-conduction thresholds were made by observing the amount of noise needed to mask ABRt + 5. Estimates of behavioral air-conduction thresholds were based upon ABRt. Results indicated that ABRt was within +/- 10 dB of behavioral air-conduction threshold across subject groups at least 74% of the time for all tone-pip stimuli. ABRt was within +/- 15 dB of the pure-tone average of 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz 75% of the time when click stimuli were used. Derived bone-conduction thresholds were within +/- 10 dB of the actual bone-conduction threshold at least 73% of the time for all stimuli. It was concluded that, when used in a conservative manner, the application of SAL audiometry to ABR testing may increase the reliability and confidence with which decisions are made concerning the type and degree of hearing loss in difficult-to-test patients.

Adult↗