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Results for “Behavioral problems”

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PubMed1998

Early child care and self-control, compliance, and problem behavior at twenty-four and thirty-six months. The NICHD Early Child Care Research Network.

To evaluate child-care effects on young children's self-control, compliance, and problem behavior, children enrolled in the NICHD Study of Early Child Care were tested and observed in the laboratory and in child care at 24 and 36 months, and mothers and caregivers completed questionnaires. Indicators of child-care quantity, quality, stability, type, and age of entry, along with measures of family background, mothering, and child characteristics obtained through the first 3 years of life were used to predict 2 and 3 year child functioning. Results revealed (1) mothering to be a stronger and more consistent predictor of child outcomes than child care; (2) little evidence that early, extensive, and continuous care was related to problematic child behavior, in contrast to results from earlier work; (3) that among the child-care predictors, child-care quality was the most consistent predictor of child functioning, although limited variance could be explained by any (or all) child-care variables; and (4) that virtually none of the anticipated interactions among child-care factors or between them and family or child measures proved significant.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1982

Nocturnal epilepsy masquerading as a behavioral problem in childhood.

Nocturnal epilepsy has been described as a clinical syndrome since the early 1950s. It has been reported most frequently in the European literature and receives scant attention in current American pediatric texts. Two cases are described that presented as behavioral problems in childhood but whose subsequent evaluation and response to therapy support the diagnosis of nocturnal epilepsy. Clues in the history and the failure of behavioral intervention are important in suspecting the syndrome. Physical examination and waking electroencephalographic findings are normal in most cases. Electroencephalography performed during sleep provides positive evidence of nocturnal epilepsy in the majority of cases.

Child↗

PubMed1995

Parent-child interaction therapy: a psychosocial model for the treatment of young children with conduct problem behavior and their families.

This article describes a treatment project designed to examine the effectiveness and generalization of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) with families of preschool-aged children with conduct problem behavior. The importance of early intervention and issues related to measurement of change in these young children and their families are discussed. The treatment program and the study design are described, with particular emphasis on the measures used to assess treatment outcome. The sensitivity of the measures to change is illustrated with data from the first few families who have completed treatment.

Aggression↗

PubMed1997

The relationship between students' sense of their school as a community and their involvement in problem behaviors.

OBJECTIVES: There has been relatively little research on the contributions of school context to developmental outcomes. This study examined relationships between students' sense of the school as a community and their involvement in problem behaviors. METHODS: Participants were an ethnically and socioeconomically diverse sample of 1434 fifth and sixth grade students from 24 elementary schools around the United States. Data were analyzed by hierarchical linear regression. RESULTS: The major finding was that, with several relevant student- and school-level characteristics controlled, schools with higher average sense-of-community scores had significantly lower average student drug use and delinquency. Caution is warranted in inferring causality, however, owing to the cross-sectional design. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that school context may moderate relationships between individual risk and protective factors and developmental outcomes, and that schools that are experienced as communities may enhance students' resiliency.

Child↗

PubMed1977

Parental treatment, children's temperament, and the risk of childhood behavioral problems: 1. Relationships between parental characteristics and changes in children's temperament over time.

Preschool children's temperament scores, correlated with eight parental domains, revealed that parental intolerance, inconsistency, and conflict were associated with negative temperament changes; strictness and maternal concern/protectiveness with both positive and negative changes, depending on age and sex. Implications with respect to the etiology of children's behavioral problems are explored.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1998

Genotype-environment correlations in late childhood and early adolescence: antisocial behavioral problems and coercive parenting.

A key question for understanding the interplay between nature and nurture in development is the direction of effects in socialization. A longitudinal adoption design provides a unique opportunity to investigate this issue in terms of genotype-environment correlations for behavioral problems. As part of the Colorado Adoption Project, adopted children were classified as being at genetic risk (N = 38) or not at genetic risk (N = 50) for antisocial behavior based on their biological mothers' self-report history of antisocial behavior collected prior to the birth of the child. From age 7 through age 12, adoptive parents reported on the negative control, positive parenting, and inconsistent parenting they use in managing their child's behavior. Repeated measures analysis of variance indicated that children at genetic risk were consistently more likely to receive negative parenting from their adoptive parents than children not at genetic risk, indicating an evocative genotype-environment correlation. However, the findings also showed that most of the association between negative parenting and children's externalizing behavior was not explicable on the basis of an evocative gene-environment correlation and that an additional environmentally mediated parental effect on children's behavior was plausible.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Institutionalization, behavior and international adoption: predictors of behavior problems.

Since the mid-1990s, over 10,0000 children have immigrated to the United States annually via international adoption. These children bring to their families unique strengths, as well as the possibility, for some, of physical, emotional and behavioral health risks, and challenges. This article presents predictive models on behavioral health problems for one group of international adoptees from Romania (n = 216). It is a companion piece to an earlier article that described behavior issues and compared the international adoptees to a group of children adopted through the public child welfare system using a cross-sectional approach. This article illustrates that a history of institutionalization had minimal long-term adverse effects on a child's behavioral health. The parent-child relationship was a strong resource for parents at both time periods. However, there was a strong relationship between parental negative reports with the relationship and child behavior problems.

Adoption↗

PubMed2005

Child-related disagreements, verbal aggression, and children's internalizing and externalizing behavior problems.

Dual-income parents (N = 122 couples) with an oldest child 18-60 months of age completed the Child-Rearing Disagreements Scale (E. N. Jouriles et al., 1991), the Child Behavior Checklist (T. M. Achenbach & L. A. Rescorla, 2000), and the Verbal Aggression subscale of the Conflicts and Problem-Solving Scale (P. K. Kerig, 1996). Replicating the results of E. N. Jouriles et al. (1991) and extending these findings to daughters and fathers, the authors found links between child-related disagreements and parental ratings of child behavior problems in this low-risk sample. There were no links between fathers' reports of verbal aggression and child behavior problems. Among mothers, however, use of verbal aggression mediated the link between child-related disagreements and ratings of sons' internalizing problems. Verbal aggression did not moderate the link between child-related disagreements and child behavior problems for either mothers or for fathers.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

[Anger, problem behaviors, and health status in adolescent women].

PURPOSE: This cross-sectional study was designed to identify anger-expression types of adolescent women and investigate the relation between the identified anger-expression types and their problem behaviors and health status. METHOD: One hundred ninety nine high school freshmen were recruited from September to November, 2003. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, cluster analysis, chi(2)-test, ANOVA, and Duncan's multiple comparison test. RESULT: Three anger-expression types in adolescent women were found; Anger-out/in, Anger-control/in, and Anger- control type. Adolescent women with frequently using the anger-out/in type and with higher state anger reported more delinquent behaviors, more health risk behaviors, and higher psychosomatic symptoms. However, adolescent women with lower state anger and frequently using the anger-control type reported more depression scores. CONCLUSION: There is a need to further clarify the relationship between anger-expression types and depression in adolescent women. The findings suggest the necessity of a development of the program for lowering the anger level and controlling the unfavorable anger expression types such as the anger-out in.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

Associations of symptoms of anxiety disorders and self-reported behavior problems in normal children.

61 children, aged between 14 and 18 years, completed the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders, a scale of anxiety disorders symptoms, and the Youth Self-report, a measure of internalizing, i.e., emotional, and externalizing, i.e., behavioral, problems. Analysis showed that, with the exception of the Social Phobia and the Specific Phobia subscales, Screen total and subscale scores were significantly related to Internalizing problems (rs between .40 and .77). Thus, the more frequently children reported Anxiety Disorder symptoms, the more often they reported emotional problems. Furthermore, in particular, anxious-depressed problems as measured by the Youth Self-report were significantly associated with scores on Screen scales. These results further support the concurrent validity of the Screen.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Toward a new paradigm in substance abuse and other problem behavior prevention for youth: youth development and empowerment approach.

The purpose of this article is to 1) address a paradigm shift taking place in the field of substance abuse prevention directed for youth and 2) to introduce an innovative approach to substance abuse and other problem behavior prevention that reflects this shift in prevention paradigm. The new path introduced is youth development and empowerment (YD&E) approach. In order to establish a conceptual foundation for this approach, this article 3) reviews the theoretical advances made in the field of substance abuse prevention during the last three decades. This is followed by a conceptualization of the processes of implementing the YD&E program by 4) specifying the mechanism used for the empowering processes and by 5) identifying the structural components of the youth empowerment model that serve the empowering processes. It is hoped that this article serves as a conduit for an improved approach to adolescent substance abuse prevention and youth development that goes beyond, rather than against, the traditional risk-factor approach. In this new approach, youths are viewed as assets and resources to our community rather than social problems or community liabilities. The organizing concept of this new paradigm is: social, economic, and public opportunity denied to youth is equal to social problems imposed on youth by adults.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1983

A reassessment of the Kohn Social Competence Scale and the Walker Problem Behavior Identification Checklist.

The growing interest in the constructs of social competence and withdrawal warrants attention to the qualities of the various assessment instruments. The authors of two of these, the Kohn Social Competence Scale and the Walker Problem Behavior Identification Checklist, claim that their devices measure, respectively, two and five independent factors. The present study assesses the validity of this assertion by having three teachers and three assistant teachers of six kindergarten classes (98 children) independently complete the scales for their students. Correlations found between previously identified factors of both devices are high enough to suggest nonindependence of the factors and thus a need for reassessment of both instruments.

Child↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Sleep, neurobehavioral functioning, and behavior problems in school-age children.

The aim of this study was to examine the associations between sleep and neurobehavioral functioning (NBF) in school-age children. These variables were assessed for 135 unreferred, healthy school children (69 boys and 66 girls), from second-, fourth-, and sixth-grade classes. Objective assessment methods were used on the participants in their regular home settings. Sleep was monitored using actigraphy for 5 consecutive nights; and NBF was assessed using a computerized neurobehavioral evaluation system, administered twice, at different times of the day. Significant correlations between sleep-quality measures and NBF measures were found, particularly in the younger age group. Children with fragmented sleep were characterized by lower performance on NBF measures, particularly those associated with more complex tasks such as a continuous performance test and a symbol-digit substitution test. These children also had higher rates of behavior problems as reported by their parents on the Child Behavior Checklist. These results highlight the association between sleep quality, NBF, and behavior regulation in child development; and raise important questions about the origins of these associations and their developmental and clinical significance.

Attention↗

PubMed2004

Adolescents' emotion expectancies regarding aggressive and nonaggressive events: connections with behavior problems.

A total of 50 behaviorally disruptive (conduct-disordered or oppositional defiant-disordered) adolescents and 50 comparison adolescents assessed how they expected to feel following both aggressive and nonaggressive situations. Compared with their peers, behaviorally disruptive adolescents expected fewer normative emotions and exhibited somewhat more of an anger emphasis in their nonaggressive emotion attributions, and they expected to feel happier following acts of instrumental/proactive aggression. These patterns of emotion expectancies were linked more closely with teacher ratings of adolescents' proactive aggression than with ratings of reactive aggression. Regression analyses indicated that both nonaggression emotion expectancies and proactive aggression happiness made independent contributions to predicting adolescents' externalizing tendencies. Discussion focused on the contributions of different types of self-attributed emotion expectancies to adolescents' social understanding and behavior.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

Effectiveness of a multimodal day treatment program for children with disruptive behavior problems.

OBJECTIVE: Children with disruptive behavior disorders are often also dysfunctional in academics, social skills, and self-esteem. The efficacy of multimodal day treatment in addressing these deficits was evaluated. METHOD: Thirty children, assigned to day treatment or a waiting list, were compared on measures of behavior, self-perception, academics, peer relations, and family functioning. RESULTS: Multivariate analyses of covariance showed that the treatment group improved significantly more on measures of behavior and self-perception. Six-month follow-up findings indicate that treated children had improved over time on all measures except academics. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that compared with a waiting list control group, day treatment produces greater gains, and that these gains are maintained at 6 months' follow-up. It also shows the need for a treatment that combines multiple modalities in dealing with children with disruptive behavior disorders.

Achievement↗

PubMed1996

Choice-making treatment of young children's severe behavior problems.

The choice-making behavior of 5 young children with developmental disabilities who engaged in aberrant behavior was studied within a concurrent operants framework. Experimental analyses were conducted to identify reinforcers that maintained aberrant behavior, and functional communication training packages were implemented to teach the participants to gain reinforcement using mands. Next, a choice-making analysis, in which the participants chose one of two responses (either a mand or an alternative neutral response) to obtain different durations and qualities of reinforcement, was conducted. Finally, treatment packages involving choice making via manding were implemented to decrease inappropriate behavior and to increase mands. The results extended previous applications of choice making to severe behavior disorders and across behaviors maintained by positive and negative reinforcement.

Behavior Therapy↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Strategies used by dentists in Victoria, Australia, to manage children with anxiety or behavior problems.

Two hundred and sixty-seven Australian dentists from the State of Victoria, representing members of the Australian Society of Dentistry for Children (AusSDC) and randomly selected practitioners, responded to a survey on attitudes and practices in the management of anxious children or children with behavior problems. The most common strategies used by dentists in this study were: permitting the child to exercise some form of control over terminating the treatment, if they were experiencing difficulties; furnishing waiting areas with play materials; and using a Tell-Show-Do approach to the provision of dental care. Members of the Australian Society of Dentistry for Children differed from general dentists by more frequently teaching anxious children a technique of relaxation and also by more frequently using a mouth prop or rubber dam during the delivery of care. Younger dentists tended to use behavioral strategies more frequently than older practitioners. Women dentists more frequently than male dentists, used strategies including: spending more time with the child before entering the operatory; setting shorter appointment sessions; and permitting the child to hold a toy or a mirror during dental treatment. In contrast to North American studies, few of the Australian dentists used the Hand-Over-Mouth technique to control hysteria. Australian dentists appeared to rely more frequently than their North American colleagues on setting shorter appointment sessions as a major strategy in managing children with anxiety or other behavioral difficulties.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Children of adolescent mothers: attachment representation, maternal depression, and later behavior problems.

Underlying the responses of 34 44-month-old children of adolescent mothers to five attachment narratives were two factors--departure and reunion. The departure factor included disorganized and insecure responses to parents' departure as well as disorganized responses to narratives about children's misbehavior and fear. Scores predicted children's externalizing behavior problems 10 months later and discriminated children in the clinical from those in the normal range for externalizing problems. Maternal depression explained significant additional variance in children's externalizing problems.

Adolescent↗