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Results for “Desensitization, Psychologic”

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At least 919 records · Page 51Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

The treatment of frigidity: a comparative study of group and individual desensitization.

Forty patients took part in this study. Twenty patients treated by group desensitization were compared with twenty treated by individual desensitization. Group desensitization appeared the more effective treatment if outcome was measured on the patients' self-rating scale, but the less effective if outcome was measured by the sexual interest questionnaire. Of the two, the group method took longer to administer, but more patients treated in this way completed the course of treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Rehearsal relief of a nightmare.

A recurrent nightmare of 14 years' duration rapidly disappeared after it was rehearsed repeatedly in treatment. The nightmare was independent of co-existing compulsive rituals ans sexual problems, but was related to co-existing depression.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1979

A comparison of three behaviour therapies in the treatment of social phobia.

This study examined the effects of desensitization, flooding and social skills training on social fears. The patients were 30 social phobics. All three treatments were associated with useful therapeutic gains during the period of treatment that were maintained over a six-month follow-up period. No differences were found between treatments.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Controlled comparison of aversive therapy and imaginal desensitization in compulsive gambling.

Twenty compulsive gamblers were randomly allocated, half to receive aversion-relief therapy and half to receive imaginal desensitization; both groups were followed-up for one year. Compared with those who received aversion-relief, gamblers who received imaginal desensitization reported a significantly greater reduction of gambling urge and behaviour; they also showed a significant reduction in trait anxiety at one year and in state anxiety at one month and one year following treatment. A high level of state anxiety at one month following treatment predicted failure to respond to treatment at one year in the subjects who received imaginal desensitization, but not in those who received aversion-relief. The relationship between reduction in anxiety and in gambling urge in response to imaginal desensitization was predicted from the theory that compulsive gambling is driven by aversive tension.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Therapeutic manipulation of nightmares and the management of neuroses.

Seven cases of nightmare were treated by simple rehearsal of the nightmare and/or rehearsal with an altered ending, followed by earlier introduction of the ending. One-year follow-up of five patients showed complete relief from nightmares in the four patients who achieved early introduction of a 'masterful' ending, and marked improvement in the patient who could only imagine a neutral ending. All but one of the patients also presented with neurotic symptoms (anxiety, phobias, depression and compulsion/obsession). These were treated by rational discussion and the formulation of positive 'threat-eliminating' statements to be repeated as homework and in times of stress.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Follow-up of agoraphobic patients treated with exposure in vivo or applied relaxation.

The present study describes the results of a 7-month and a 15-month follow-up of 32 agoraphobic patients treated with exposure in vivo or applied relaxation. During the follow-up period, all patients were given self-exposure instructions. Assessments were made in three response systems--subjective-cognitive, behavioural, and physiological--at the follow-up points. The study showed overall maintenance of treatment results in all three response systems for exposure-treated patients. For applied relaxation/self-exposure, there was a relapse on delta heart-rate at 7 months for physiologically reactive patients, but the improvement was regained at the 15 month follow-up. Furthermore, a large proportion of the total improvement occurred during the follow-up period: 36% and 22% for exposure and applied relaxation/self-exposure respectively. The proportion of patients reaching a clinically significant improvement was 50% at the end of treatment and 66% at the 15 month follow-up.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Ethanol retards desensitisation of simple phobias in non-alcoholics.

Twenty non-alcoholic patients with DSM-III defined simple phobias for small animals received behavioural approach tests and exposure therapy while under the influence of a moderately intoxicating dose of ethanol or after placebo administration. Ethanol did not demonstrate any acute anti-anxiety effect, but retarded the rate of behavioural in vivo desensitisation, without changing the final treatment outcome. State-dependent effects of ethanol on anxiety were not demonstrated. This study supports prior research indicating no anti-anxiety or 'tension-reducing' effects of ethanol for simple phobias.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Exposure therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder. Four case studies.

Four cases of PTSD, and their treatment, are described. Symptoms responded differently to two behavioural approaches. In-vivo exposure was effective for phobic anxiety while imaginal exposure improved dysphoria and some phobic symptoms. Audio-taped imaginal exposure may be important as part of treatment.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1991

Comparison of imaginal desensitisation with other behavioural treatments of pathological gambling. A two- to nine-year follow-up.

Of 120 pathological gamblers randomly allocated to imaginal desensitisation (ID) or to other behavioural procedures (60 to each group, all procedures administered over one week) 63 subjects were contacted two to nine years later. Twenty-six of the 33 who received ID reported control or cessation of gambling compared with 16 of 30 who received other behavioural procedures. This difference was significant, indicating ID had a specific effect additional to that of the other behavioural procedures. It is suggested the other procedures could be regarded as placebos. As the response at a mean of over five years to one week of ID is comparable with that reported to more intensive therapies, after briefer follow-up, it is suggested ID is a cost-effective therapy for pathological gambling, and is worth considering when resources are limited.

Aversive Therapy↗
PubMed1992

A prospective study of panic and anxiety in agoraphobia with panic disorder.

The features of panic and anxiety in the natural environment were studied by prospective self-monitoring in 39 patients with chronic agoraphobia and panic disorder. Panics overlapped greatly with anxiety episodes but were more intense. Panics occurred more often in public places than did anxiety episodes, but had otherwise similar symptom profile, time of occurrence, and antecedents. Most panics surged out of a pre-existing plateau of tonic anxiety which lasted most of the day. Spontaneous panics were less frequent than situational panics and occurred more often at home but were otherwise similar. These findings do not support the sharp distinction between panic and anxiety in DSM-III-R, not its emphasis on spontaneous panic in classifying anxiety disorders. Thoughts of dying and 'going crazy'/losing control accompanied only a minority of panic/anxiety episodes and seemed to be a product of intense panic rather than a cause.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Eye-movement desensitisation. Symptom change in post-traumatic stress disorder.

A novel approach is described for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Eye-movement desensitisation (EMD) requires the patient to generate images of the trauma in the mind and define physiological and emotional arousal states. While concentrating on these states, lateral multisaccardic eye movements are induced. Ten consecutive cases are reported who presented with symptoms originating from a range of traumas. The effectiveness of EMD in reducing symptoms outlined by DSM-III-R is described. An independent rater indicated that eight of the ten cases showed considerable improvement in PTSD symptoms following EMD, which was maintained at follow-up. Particular reference is given to the 'specificity' of EMD in treating symptoms and the changing pattern of effect at follow-up.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Relationship of panic, anticipatory anxiety, agoraphobia and global improvement in panic disorder with agoraphobia treated with alprazolam and exposure.

In a controlled trial of alprazolam and exposure in 154 patients with panic disorder with agoraphobia, relations between panic, anticipatory anxiety, and phobic avoidance were examined. The three symptoms were independent of one another at baseline and improved largely independently during treatment; only early improvement in avoidance predicted global improvement after treatment. Global improvement was more related to reduction of avoidance than a decrease in panics. Panic was not a valuable outcome measure in panic disorder with agoraphobia.

Adult↗