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At least 919 records · Page 51Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Secondary urolithiasis.

Urolithiasis may be associated with a wide range of unrelated conditions that in various ways predispose to the development of urinary tract calculi. The most common such conditions are urinary tract infection, structural abnormalities of the urinary tract, drugs, and foreign bodies. Evaluation of patients must rule out other underlying metabolic disorders. Treatment must address not only the calculi but also the correction or elimination of the predisposing factors.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

Clinical relevance of ventilation-perfusion inequality determined by inert gas elimination.

The first part of this review deals with the basic mechanisms and factors determining hypoxaemia and hypercapnia and the different approaches used in clinical practice and in clinical research to assess the presence of ventilation-perfusion mismatching, shunt and diffusion limitation for oxygen, and more specifically the multiple inert gas elimination technique (MIGET), in pulmonary medicine. The second part reviews three different respiratory disorders where the complex interplay between intrapulmonary and extrapulmonary factors regulating oxygen are essentially interpreted through the results afforded by the MIGET over the last decade. The gas exchange response to bronchodilators in bronchial asthma, an airway disease, and then the major determinants governing abnormal gas exchange in acute pulmonary embolism, a pulmonary vascular disorder, and during haemodialysis, a respiratory entity of extrapulmonary origin, are successively explored in the light of the inert gas method.

Asthma↗
PubMed1990

[Immunologic reactivity of the body in pregnant greenhouse workers].

The proposed research data proved that female green-house workers were exposed to hazardous occupational factors, which resulted in neuroendocrine disorders, manifesting themselves at early pregnancy, at the stage of gestational dominant formation. Elimination of the contact with the hazardous labour conditions, with concomitant pathogenetic treatment, contributed to the restoration of the normal immune status.

Dysgammaglobulinemia↗
PubMed1986

[Changes in the coagulation system in shock].

Disorders of the coagulation system in shock are caused by injuries of the endothelium, influx of thromboplastic material into the blood and stasis. In this way, the intrinsic and the extrinsic system is activated. Fibrin is generated in the blood stream and forms high molecular complexes together with fibrinogen (hypercoagulability). With progress of the shock fibrin can deposit in the small vessels with the consequence of impaired circulation. Finally clotting factors and inhibitors (e.g. antithrombin III) are consumed by disseminated intravascular coagulation. This results in a bleeding tendency (consumption coagulopathy). In this survey particular shock formes (endotoxin induced, cardiogenic, traumatic, hemorrhagic) are discussed with regard to the reflections of the blood coagulation. The therapy of shock-induced disorders of blood coagulation are focused on treatment of primary disease, prevention or elimination of microthrombi, substitution of blood respective plasma components.

Blood Coagulation↗
PubMed1985

Blood transfusion complications: leukoagglutinin reactions.

Blood transfusions performed earlier in the 20th century were often accompanied by significant complications. Today, with an increased knowledge of blood type compatibility, the majority of risks have been eliminated. However, hazards still remain. The authors report on a potentially fatal pulmonary disorder caused by transfusions involving leukoagglutinins. This phenomenon apparently occurs with an increased risk in parous women and patients who have had multiple transfusions.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Results of correction of benign bile duct obstructions by bilio-jejunal anastomosis].

In 27 patients with disorders of the bile ducts we performed a bilio-jejunal anastomosis to eliminate the stenosis. The letality rate was 3.7%, the rate of complications following operation was 30%. After a period of 3 to 15 years 15 patients agreed to an inpatient follow-up examination. 80% of them regarded the postoperative results as subjectively good or very good. 60% were again completely able to work. Biochemical examinations, ultrasonography and sequencescintigraphy of the liver showed a higher rate of irregular findings despite missing symptoms. These findings were due to icteric or cholangitic predamages before surgical treatment. The determination of Gamma-Glutamyl-Transferase and alcaline Phosphatase as well as ultrasonography and sequencescintigraphy of the liver proved to be the most sensitive methods for evaluation of the late results.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Peusoxanthoma elasticum with multiple calcinosis and hyperphosphoremia].

INTRODUCTION: Subcutaneous and vascular calcifications are classical manifestations of pseudoxanthoma elasticum. Visceral calcifications sometimes associated with unbalanced phosphocalcium leels are uncommon. CASE REPORT: We observed pseudoxanthoma elasticum in a French Caribbean patient who had extensive acneiform skin lesions with transepidermal elimination. Multivisceral calcifications were associated hyperphosphoremia alone. DISCUSSION: The pathogenic sequence of phosphocalcium disorders in this disease are discussed on the basis of calcifications and hyperphosphoremia observed in this case and from data in the literature.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Recognition of hypertrophic osteoarthropathy in skeletal remains.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (HOA) in skeletons to allow its recognition in the archeologic record. METHODS: Individuals diagnosed in life with diseases known to cause HOA were examined from the Hamman-Todd, Grant, and Terry human skeletal collections. The latter consist of 5142 individuals who died in the early part of this century. A "control" group was obtained by examination of 100 (consecutive, exclusive of HOA related disorders) additional individuals from the Terry Collection, which were accompanied by diagnoses not known to be associated with HOA. Sixty individuals documented with skeletal evidence of syphilis (from the Hamman-Todd Collection) and 73 individuals documented as having skeletal evidence of yaws (from the Ward Site, 4300 ybp) were examined as comparison treponemal disease-derived, periosteal reaction-afflicted populations. RESULTS: In total, 319 individuals were identified with HOA. HOA was recognized as a disorder of distal diaphyseal or diffuse periosteal reaction. Proximally-limited disease virtually eliminates the diagnosis. CONCLUSION: HOA is recognizable as a population phenomenon suggestive, when found in the archeologic record, of underlying chronic pulmonary disease.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed1998

Contribution to interaction between magnesium and toxic metals: the effect of prolonged cadmium intoxication on magnesium metabolism in rabbits.

The results obtained up to now indicate that increased intake of some heavy metals causes disorder of bioelements metabolism leading to their blood and organs decrease and higher elimination via the urine. As to lead and magnesium, our investigations indicated that the reaction is reversible and that increased intake of Mg eliminates Pb via urine. Some other findings suggest similar relations between Mg and certain heavy metals, thus pointing to significant role of Mg in toxicology of heavy metals and announcing a new chapter in the toxicology of metals entitled 'Mg in professional and ecotoxicology'. In this report we present the results of our investigations on the effect of Cd on Mg metabolism. The experiment was performed on rabbits given orally, every day, for 4 weeks 10 mg Cd/kg b.w. as aqueous solution of CdCl2. Magnesium content was determined in blood, urine, soft tissues and bones by the AAS method. Under the experimental conditions, Cd lead to statistically significant decrease of blood Mg (p < 0.001 after day 16) which was associated with increased Mg elimination via urine (p < 0.01). Statistically significant changes were not detected in the tissues, except in the liver where we found enhanced Mg content (p < 0.05), while its level in the muscles decreased (p < 0.01).

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Homozygotes for Huntington's disease.

Careful comparison of symptomatic individuals with normal controls has revealed the primary biochemical abnormality in many human genetic diseases, particularly recessive disorders. This strategy has proved less successful for most human disorders which are not recessive, and where a single copy of the aberrant gene has clinically significant effects even though the normal gene product is present. An alternative approach that eliminates the impediment of a normal protein in affected individuals is to study homozygotes for the mutant allele. For virtually all dominant human disorders in which homozygotes have been described, symptoms have been significantly more severe in the homozygote than in the heterozygote. Thus, these disorders do not conform to the classical definition of dominance which states that homozygotes and heterozygotes for a defect are phenotypically indistinguishable. Instead, they display incomplete dominance, indicating that the normal allele may play a role in ameliorating the disease process. The D4S10 locus, defined by the probe G8 and linked to the gene for Huntington's disease (HD), has permitted us to identify individuals with a high probability of being homozygous for this autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder. These homozygotes do not differ in clinical expression or course from typical HD heterozygotes. HD appears to be the first human disease of genetically documented homozygosity that displays complete phenotypic dominance.

Genes, Dominant↗
PubMed2002

Medical and socio-professional impact of insomnia.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Insomnia, a highly prevalent disorder with direct and indirect economic and professional consequences, affects daytime functioning, behavior, and quality of life. Several studies have shown that insomnia affects the workforce and is associated with an increased risk of accidents. Insomnia may also play a role in other disorders. Our study attempted to evaluate the socio-professional correlates of insomnia by comparing a group of insomniacs to a group of good sleepers. DESIGN: With a questionnaire focused on the socio-professional and medical consequences of insomnia, we surveyed a group of severe insomniacs and a group of good sleepers. Persons with psychiatric disorders according to the DSM-IV minimum criteria for anxiety and depression were eliminated from each group. After screening, 240 insomniacs and 391 good sleepers remained and were then compared. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Compared to good sleepers, severe insomniacs reported more medical problems, had more physician-office visits, were hospitalized twice as often, and used more medication. Severe insomniacs had a higher rate of absenteeism, missing work twice as often as did good sleepers. They also had more problems at work (including decreased concentration, difficulty performing duties, and more work-related accidents). CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that insomnia has socio-professional consequences and is correlated with lower medical status.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed2002

Evaluation of lymphocyte subsets and NK cells in septic children.

BACKGROUND: Disorders of lymphocyte subpopulations counts and NK cells may not only contribute to impaired elimination of pathogens, but also be an important factor in the development of generalized inflammatory reaction. The aim of the paper was the analysis of subpopulations of lymphocytes and NK cells in children with sepsis and after recovery. MATERIAL/METHODS: The study comprised 25 septic children (17 infants and 8 children aged from 1 to 3 years). The control group consisted of 25 healthy children. The study was conducted in the initial phase of sepsis and then repeated 2 to 3 months after recovery. In all the children, the percentage and absolute numbers of basic lymphocyte subsets and NK cells in blood serum were evaluated. RESULTS: In the course of sepsis, the absolute number of activated lymphocytes T in the youngest children was higher in comparison with the control group. After recovery, the percentage and absolute counts of CD4 lymphocytes in all the children and CD3/CD4 lymphocytes ratio in the youngest children were considerably lower than in the control group. The percentage and absolute number of NK cells in the youngest children after recovery were higher in comparison with the control group. CONCLUSIONS: In children who underwent sepsis, depression traits of cellular immunity are observed. The occurrence of defensive system disorders after recovery may be an important factor in recurrent infections and creates the necessity of immune system monitoring in children with the history of sepsis for the purpose of prevention.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1996

[Idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy: two case reports observed in Togo].

Central serous chorioretinopathy is due to accumulation of serous fluid between the sensory retina and pigmented epithelium. Our perusal of the literature did not turn up any reports on this topic in Black Africa. The disorder was observed in 2 patients from Togo who presented with unilateral reduction in visual acuity. Initially suspected by the presence of a macular lesion on the fundus and by ophthalmoscopic examination, diagnosis was confirmed by angiofluorography. Angiofluorography is the method of choice and the low incidence of this eye disorder in Black Africa is probably due to the poor availability of this method. Although the two patients in this study responded to corticosteroid therapy, treatment usually requires laser photocoagulation to eliminate the site of abnormal transudation and create a choroidal adhesion. In this regard recent studies indicate that the primary mechanism underlying this disorder is multifocal or diffuse hyperpermeability of the choroidal vessels.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1993

Effects of a few food diet in attention deficit disorder.

Seventy-eight children, referred to a diet clinic because of hyperactive behaviour, were placed on a 'few foods' elimination diet. Fifty nine improved in behaviour during this open trial. For 19 of these children it was possible to disguise foods or additives, or both, that reliably provoked behavioural problems by mixing them with other tolerated foods and to test their effect in a placebo controlled double blind challenge protocol. The results of a crossover trial on these 19 children showed a significant effect for the provoking foods to worsen ratings of behaviour and to impair psychological test performance. This study shows that observations of change in behaviour associated with diet made by parents and other people with a role in the child's care can be reproduced using double blind methodology and objective assessments. Clinicians should give weight to the accounts of parents and consider this treatment in selected children with a suggestive medical history.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗