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PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of moderate doses of ethyl alcohol on cerebral lateralization of language and on hand movements. I: A dual-task paradigm study.

Cerebral lateralization for linguistic functions has been assessed by means of a dual-task, verbal-manual, paradigm (finger tapping) in 16 monolingual right-handed non-alcoholic adult male subjects after the administration of a moderate dose of ethyl alcohol (0.6 g/kg; alcoholemia > 80 mg/dl). No significant modification of hemispheric asymmetries for linguistic functions was found. Moreover, ethyl alcohol tended to affect right-hand motor function during silent tapping, while leaving left-hand performance almost unchanged.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Avian visual lateralization: a review.

Cerebral asymmetries represent an important principle of the organization of nervous systems. The asymmetries of the avian visual system, with their partly complementary domains in the left and the right hemisphere, offer an excellent window for the lateralized learning and cognitive processes. These behavioural experiments are accompanied by biochemical, synaptic, electrophysiological and neuroanatomical studies which have clarified to some extent the neuronal foundations of this asymmetry. Additionally they show that most, but not all, aspects of visual lateralization depend on a minute asymmetry of prehatch visual stimulation which triggers a cascade of events transforming the embryonic nervous system into lateralized structure and functioning.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Unilateral lung function. Comparison of the lateral position test with radionuclide ventilation-perfusion studies.

Twenty-seven patients underwent studies of unilateral lung function by the lateral-position test (LPT) and by computer-analyzed radionuclide imaging of ventilation and perfusion. The patients were divided into two groups, symmetric or asymmetric, on the basis of the physical examination of the chest and the chest radiograph. In patients with symmetry, the estimate of unilateral lung function by the LPT and isotopic estimates for unilateral lung volume, unilateral distribution of tidal volume, and unilateral perfusion, agreed within 2 percent, 4 percent, and 3 percent, respectively. In patients with asymmetry, the differences were 9 percent, 8 percent, and 13 percent. In settings of marked unilateral ventilation-perfusion imbalance, the LPT primarily reflected ventilation. Prediction of unilateral ventilatory function based upon the LPT and spirometric measurements agreed closely with unilateral ventilation determined isotopically by 133xenon, even in the presence of chronic obstructive lung disease. Our results confirm that the LPT provides valid information about unilateral lung function.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Distribution of hand laterality in preschool-age children].

Laterality means functional dominance of one in the pair of organs. It represents the external manifestation of integrative activity of cerebral cortex meaning the domination of functionally dominant hand; the usability lateralization depends on the domination of cerebral hemisphere of gestural lateralization and the domination of cerebral hemisphere or gestural lateralization and the influence of the environment. On the basis of laterality population is divided into right-handed and left-handed with a very stressed degree of lateralization and those undecided with a minimal previal of handidness of one hand. In most people the domination of cerebral hemisphere is average or weak and that's the reason why the influence of the environment is of importance when forming the dominant hand. In the clinical practice the hand laterality is used as an index for the type and degree of cerebral hemisphere domination, for condition of gestural laterality with the usability of the dominant hand and form the differentiation of the dominant hand in the case of minimal difference in handidness.

Child↗
PubMed1999

Cerebro-cerebellar functional connectivity revealed by the laterality index in tool-use learning.

The function of the lateral part of the human cerebellum was investigated through cerebro-cerebellar functional connectivity. We propose a laterality index method to reveal a functional and possibly anatomical pathway between the cerebral cortex and the cerebellum. The brain activity involved in learning a visually-guided tracking skill using a novel computer mouse was measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging. The imaging data analyzed using the method suggest that the simple lobule and semilunar lobule of the lateral cerebellum have connections with the pars opercularis and pars triangularis in the inferior frontal gyrus. A possible function of this cerebro-cerebellar communication loop is tool usage, which is in-between the cognitive and motor functions of the human cerebellum.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Ictal functional TCD for the lateralization of the seizure onset zone--a report of two cases.

Ictal functional transcranial Doppler sonography (I-fTCD) was used to lateralize the ictal onset zone in the presurgical evaluation of two patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. In one patient, I-fTCD and ictal SPECT were performed simultaneously during EEG-monitoring. In both patients, results were concordant with the ictal SPECT findings, PET and semiology. I-fTCD seems to be an interesting new method to non-invasively lateralize the seizure onset zone with high temporal resolution. I-fTCD and SPECT may give complementary information to lateralize the seizure onset zone.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Unilateral paramedian-sagittal brain cut extending from the level of the anterior commissure to the midlevel of the third ventricle above the amygdala affects gonadal function in male rat: a lateralized effect.

The aim of the present investigations was to study involvement of fiber systems to and from the insular cortex above the amygdala in the neural control of the hypophysio-testicular axis in male rats. Animals were subjected to a unilateral paramedian-sagittal brain cut above the amygdala, extending from the level of the anterior commissure to the midlevel of the third ventricle and causing among others partial deafferentation of the insular cortex. Right-sided cut induced a significant rise in basal testosterone secretion in vitro of both testes as compared to intact or sham-operated controls without affecting serum testosterone level. By contrast, left-sided cut slightly suppressed testicular steroidogenesis and significantly decreased serum testosterone concentration. In animals underwent sham or actual cut on either side, serum luteinizing hormone levels were similar, but significantly lower than those in intact controls. No change was observed in serum FSH concentration of any experimental group. The results indicate that afferent and efferent connections of the partially deafferented cortical regions including among others the insular cortex are involved in the control of testosterone secretion. The data further suggest functional laterality of the interrupted structures.

Amygdala↗
PubMed2001

Functional organization of the lateral premotor cortex: fMRI reveals different regions activated by anticipation of object properties, location and speed.

Previous studies have provided evidence that the lateral premotor cortex (PMC) is involved in representations triggered by attended sensory events. However, while the functional specificity of subregions of this large cortical structure has been intensively investigated in the monkey, little is known about functional differences within human lateral premotor areas. In the present study, functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to investigate if attending to object-specific (O), spatial (S), or temporal (T) properties of the same sensory event, i.e. moving objects, involves different premotor areas. We found a frontoparietal 'prehension network' comprising the pre-supplementary motor area (preSMA), the ventral PMC, and the left anterior intraparietal sulcus (aIPS) to be activated independently of the attended stimulus property, but most intensively during object-related attention. Moreover, several areas were exclusively activated according to the attended stimulus property. Particularly, different PMC regions responded to the Object (O) task (left superior ventrolateral PMC), the Spatial (S) task (dorsolateral PMC), and the Timing (T) task (frontal opercular cortex (FOP)). These results indicate that the representation of different stimulus dimensions engage distinct premotor areas and, therefore, that there is a functional specificity of lateral premotor subregions.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

The functional organization of working memory processes within human lateral frontal cortex: the contribution of functional neuroimaging.

Recent functional neuroimaging studies have provided a wealth of new information about the likely organization of working memory processes within the human lateral frontal cortex. This article seeks to evaluate the results of these studies in the context of two contrasting theoretical models of lateral frontal-lobe function, developed through lesion and electrophysiological recording work in non-human primates (Goldman-Rakic, 1994, 1995; Petrides, 1994, 1995). Both models focus on a broadly similar distinction between anatomically and cytoarchitectonically distinct dorsolateral and ventrolateral frontal cortical areas, but differ in the precise functions ascribed to those regions. Following a review of the relevant anatomical data, the origins of these two theoretical positions are considered in some detail and the main predictions arising from each are identified. Recent functional neuroimaging studies of working memory processes are then critically reviewed in order to assess the extent to which they support either, or both, sets of predictions. The results of this meta-analysis suggest that lateral regions of the frontal lobe are not functionally organized according to stimulus modality, as has been widely assumed, but that specific regions within the dorsolateral or ventrolateral frontal cortex make identical functional contributions to both spatial and non-spatial working memory.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Gastric suction at birth associated with long-term risk for functional intestinal disorders in later life.

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that noxious stimulation at birth may increase the long-term risk for developing psychosomatic or functional disorders during later life. STUDY DESIGN: Matched case-control study using sibling controls. The birth records were retrieved for the offspring of 494 mothers who, after uncomplicated pregnancies, had delivered two or more children with birth weights at least 2500 g, if at least one child was exposed to a perinatal complication or birth asphyxia. Among their offspring (N=1110), the 108 cases hospitalized for functional intestinal symptoms were identified from nationwide hospital discharge records. Of these, 96 cases were compared with 116 unaffected sibling controls. RESULTS: Functional intestinal symptoms occurred more commonly among the 1110 subjects (9.5%) than in the general population (3.4%, chi(2)=124, P<10(-6)). Gastric suction at birth occurred more frequently among the cases compared with their siblings (22.9% vs 11.2%). There were no differences in the number of cases and controls exposed to perinatal trauma or birth asphyxia. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that gastric suction at birth was associated with functional intestinal disorders during later life (odds ratio, 2.99; 95% confidence interval, 1.32-6.79; P=.009), whereas maternal, perinatal, or other confounding variables were not significant. CONCLUSIONS: Noxious stimulation caused by gastric suction at birth may promote the development of long-term visceral hypersensitivity and cognitive hypervigilance, leading to an increased prevalence of functional intestinal disorders in later life.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Measurement of decline of functioning in persons with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: responsiveness and possible applications of the Functional Independence Measure, Barthel Index, Rehabilitation Activities Profile and Frenchay Activities Index.

It is important not only to monitor the functional change during the course of ALS, but also to determine whether or not the available help is sufficient. This study was performed to determine which generic assessment instrument is most appropriate. A multicentre cohort of patients with ALS was followed for one year. At baseline, six months, and 1 year four instruments were used: Functional Independence Measure (FIM), Rehabilitation Activities Profile (RAP), Barthel Index (BI), and Frenchay Activities Index (FAI). The responsiveness of the measures was examined using effect sizes and standardized response mean statistics. Seventy-three patients at baseline, 63 after six months and 43 after one year were assessed. If calculated on the group that completed all three assessments, the FIM, BI, and RAP showed moderate effect sizes and standardized response means over a period of six months and large effect sizes over 12 months. Based on their responsiveness FIM, BI, and RAP can be used to evaluate limitations in activities and care needs of persons with ALS and to evaluate treatment results in trials. The FIM was the most responsive instrument, although the BI might be easier to use in clinical practice.

Activities of Daily Living↗