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PubMed1991

Personality types of dentists.

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) was used to determine the personality types of dental graduates, 1964-1984, from Creighton University, School of Dentistry. The MBTI reveals the strength and nature of preferences along four dimensions: extraversion-introversion, sensing-intuition, thinking-feeling, and judging-perceptive. In sample (N = 472), four personality types: ISTJ (108), ESTJ (66), ISFJ (48), and ENTJ (37), accounted for 54.9% (N = 259) of the dentists. The remaining 45.1% (N = 213) were divided among 12 personality types without any type accounting for more than 6.1% (N = 29). Comparisons with a general population (N = 9,320) revealed that the dental sample included more introverts (58.9%), thinkers (65.9%) and judgers (75.0%). The implications of personality characteristics, as applied to dentistry through communication patterns, relationships with co-workers and management styles were discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Time of day effects on extroversion and salivation.

A circadian rhythm in the biological basis of extroversion-introversion (E-I) was hypothesized. Eighty subjects had their EPI E-I scores and lemon juice test (LJT) scores assessed at a.m. and at p.m. Results showed that : (a) there were high intra-test correlations for EPI E-I and LJT; (b) a significant correlation between EPI E-I and LJT was only found for a.m. and not for p.m.; and (c) there were large individual differences in LJT scores. It was concluded that a circadian rhythm of E-I could not be detected by these measures, and that applicability of the LJT to E-I depends upon the time of day of assessment and the measurement procedure employed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Personality styles of first-year dental students.

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) was used to measure the personality styles of dental students in two first-year classes. The MBTI measures the strength and nature of preferences along four dimensions: extroversion-introversion, sensing-intuition, thinking-feeling, and judging-perceptive. In the sample (N = 120), four personality styles--ESTJ (19), ESFJ (19), ENTJ (16), and ISTJ (12)--accounted for 55 percent of the students (N = 66). The remaining 45 percent (N = 54) were divided among 12 personality styles with no style comprising more than 5.8 percent of the students (N = 7). Further comparisons of personality traits emphasized the similarities of the student sample on dimensions of extroversion (68.3 percent), sensing (61.7 percent), and judging (74.2 percent). Comparisons with previous research confirmed the predominance of ST (sensing with thinking) and SF (sensing with feeling) combinations within dentistry. The implications for the organization and curriculum of dental schools considering the personality traits of these dental students are discussed.

Attitude↗
PubMed2004

Extraversion and cortical activation during memory performance.

In this study we analyzed the influence of the personality dimension extraversion-introversion (E) on the level and topographical distribution of cortical activation. In 62 participants (32 introverts and 30 extraverts), we measured the extent of Event-Related Desynchronization (ERD) in the EEG during performance of a short-term memory (i.e., temporary maintenance of information) and a more complex working memory task (i.e., temporary maintenance and active manipulation of information). The results indicate that during performance of both tasks, introverts display a larger amount of ERD than extraverted individuals. Moreover, the present E effects largely match previous studies as to the restriction of these effects to lower EEG frequency ranges (approx. 4-8 Hz). Topographical analyses show that the E effects are primarily present over (right-hemispheric) frontal and parietal regions of the cerebral cortex.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Experiences with psycho-vegetative tests in the study difficulties of student teachers].

A total of 125 student teachers, who at the time when these investigations were conducted were unable to work or study, respectively, were subjected to the ENR test of Brengelmann/Brengelmann and the VELA test of Fahrenberg. Fifty-six student teachers had to take their names off the books. Their failures were closely correlated with introversion, neuroticism, and vegetative lability. The latter may already be evident from the medical history of the subject and should be sufficient cause for psychological testing in case the student should encounter difficulties in his work. Rigidity is not yet fully developed in the age group to which students normally belong and shows no significant correlation with failure.

Extraversion, Psychological↗
PubMed1976

Extraversion, neuroticism and strength of the nervous system.

The hypothesized identity of the dimensions of extraversion-introversion and strength of the nervous system was tested on four groups of nine subjects (neurotic extraverts, stable extraverts, neurotic introverts, stable introverts). Strength of the subjects' nervous system was estimated using the electroencephalographic (EEG) variant of extinction with reinforcement. Introverted subjects were found to have weak nervous systems, according to the EEG index, while extraverted subjects had strong nervous systems, thus confirming the hypothesis. It was also found that the dimension of strength of the nervous system was unrelated to differences in neuroticism. The results are interpreted as adding support to Eysenck's theory relating differences in extraversion-introversion to differences in cortical arousal.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed2002

Figure-drawing indices of psychological accessibility.

We investigated the hypotheses that windows, doors, pathways, and size of the house in the House drawing of the House-Tree-Person projective drawing technique reflect psychological and social accessibility by correlating these variables with the Social Introversion scale of the MMPI-2. Subjects were 153 nonclinical, community adults, and 146 clinical patients currently receiving mental health services. While there were strong correlations among these figure-drawing variables, suggesting some common underlying dimension, these scores were not significantly correlated with psychological accessibility as measured by the Si scale of the MMPI-2. Possible interpretations were suggested.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Differentiating psychological characteristics of patients with sleep apnea and narcolepsy.

Fifty male subjects were group-matched for age and socioeconomic status. Twenty of the subjects were diagnosed as having sleep apnea and 20 were diagnosed as having narcolepsy on the basis of sleep studies. The remaining 10 subjects served as normal controls. Differences among the groups were evaluated on the bases of two psychological instruments designed to assess personality characteristics and mood states. The findings suggest that narcoleptics and apneics both present discriminatively different psychological profiles than do normals. Moreover, personality characteristics of these two groups are distinguishable from one another. Apneics tend to be individuals with hypochondriacal and hysterical characteristics, whereas narcoleptics are more easily characterized by anxiety and social introversion. Both severity of psychological disturbance (mean Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory elevations) and personality pattern (two-point codes) distinguish the groups. Key Words: Sleep apnea-Narcolepsy-Psychological profiles.

Affect↗
PubMed1978

Some personality correlates of the A-B therapist scale for male and female medical students.

Provided more knowledge about the personality dimensions that underlie the A-B scale particularly with respect to potential sex differences. A-B scores of two samples, 155 male and 36 female medical students, were related to their scale scores from the Personal Orientation Inventory and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Univariate analyses indicate that the present set of measures are related to A-B status for females, but not for males. For female medical students it appears that scoring as an A is associated with anxiety proneness, low self-esteem, constriction and introversion, rigidity, dependence, and guilt feelings. Implications of the present results and recommendations for future research with the A-B dimension are discussed.

Anxiety↗