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PubMed2001

Waste not, want not.

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American Hospital Association↗
PubMed2000

Healthcare risk waste in Saudi Arabia. Rate of generation.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the amount of healthcare risk waste generated by health establishments in Saudi Arabia METHODS: A healthcare waste management questionnaire was applied in 27 hospitals, and 16 primary health centres and clinics. The total quantity of healthcare risk waste collected in 24 hours in each of these establishments was weighed. Calculations were carried out to get hospitals rate of healthcare risk waste generation and primary healthcare centres risk waste generation. The total national estimate of healthcare risk waste production in kilograms/year for the whole health establishments in the Kingdom was then calculated. RESULTS: The mean hospital healthcare risk waste rate of generation was 1.13+/-0.96 kg/bed/day. The mean primary healthcare centres and clinics healthcare risk waste rate of generation was 0.08+/-0.08 kg/visitor/day. The estimated mean amount of all healthcare risk waste generated in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is 25,207 tons/year. CONCLUSION: Healthcare establishments in Saudi Arabia produce healthcare risk waste. Much care is given by the responsible authorities for the management of that type of waste. A program is being established to formulate standards for healthcare waste management

Ambulatory Care Facilities↗
PubMed2001

Photochemical oxidation of iodized X-ray contrast media (XRC) in hospital wastewater.

Iodized X-ray contrast media (XRC) for medical applications are responsible for the high concentration of AOX (halogenated organic compounds adsorbable on activated carbon) in hospital wastewater exceeding the legal German discharge limit. The refractory properties of these substances lead to an accumulation in the natural waterbody. The elimination of contrast media from hospital wastewater by photochemical oxidation with hydrogen peroxide was investigated. The mechanism and the kinetics of the degradation of XRC were examined. These experiments demonstrate that a complete removal of the organically bonded iodine and a partial mineralization is feasible. The degradation in the UV reactor could be enhanced by adding hydrogen peroxide and by using a bubble column to remove the formed elemental iodine from the solution by stripping. Furthermore, the influence of various operating parameters such as gas flowrate, H2O2 input, XRC concentration and kind of XRC were investigated. Experiments showed that a recycling of elemental iodine from the exhaust gas is technically and economically possible.

Contrast Media↗