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Results for “PRESBYOPIA”

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At least 919 records · Page 51Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Presbyopic drivers' vision through a convex rear view mirror.

BACKGROUND: Monovision is a commonly used modality for the presbyope who wants to wear contact lenses. If the add for near vision is in the left eye, driving an automobile creates a circumstance whereby the lens wearer cannot obtain a clear image in that eye of distant objects seen in the driver's side outside rear view mirror. METHODS: We have discovered that a stick-on convex mirror eliminates this problem by neutralizing either some or all of the power of the add. RESULTS: The driver wearing an add in the left eye can then obtain a clear image in that eye of objects behind and to the side of the automobile.

Automobile Driving↗
PubMed1994

Direction of gaze and comfort: discovering the relation for the ergonomic optimization of visual tasks.

Perceived exertion caused by the extraocular muscles was assessed as a function of the direction of gaze and recorded in 114 subjects using a psychometric method. The results confirm statements in the literature that maximum comfort is achieved when gaze is aimed downwards. We found no correlations between perceived exertion and age or viewing distance. The relationship is relevant to ergonomics, for example in lens fitting and workplace layout.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

New range of stand magnifiers based on standardized image position.

Combined Optical Industries Ltd. of Slough, UK, have released a new range of illuminated stand magnifiers. These have been designed with a uniform emerging vergence and are specified in terms of equivalent power according to the new standards. This paper describes these magnifiers in terms of their measured optical and ergonomic properties. The expected enlargement ratios achieved with typical presbyopic additions are tabulated.

Equipment Design↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Seeing in the dark: limited vision in the aged as a prototypical "environmentally relevant" loss in competence].

In the conceptual part of this article, the existential dimension of experiencing a dramatic visual loss in late life is highlighted. Three theoretical avenues are proposed to approach age-related vision loss: 1) a stress and burden perspective; 2) a coping perspective, 3) an environmental psychology perspective. The empirical study is based on 84 elderly subjects suffering from vision loss (42 visually impaired, 42 blind), a comparison group of 42 subjects with mobility impairments, and a control group of 42 healthy subjects (particularly not impaired in vision or mobility). In all impaired groups, the impairment appeared after the age of 55 years; identification of subjects was based on medical expertise. Mean age varies between groups from 75 to 78 years with 30 females and 12 males in each group. Data based on person (e.g., ADL-functioning, subjective well-being, depressivity) as well as person-environment-transaction measures (e.g., microecology within the house, action range outside the house) were collected. Results revealed a reduced ADL-competence, lower subjective well-being, higher depressivity, and a shrinkage of action range in subjects suffering from visual loss. However, there was also a need for a differential perspective: For example, depending on person variables (living alone/not alone, degree of visual loss, coping style, coexisting illnesses), a different "resilience" against environmental pressure was observed. These findings point to the importance of a "differential" environmental gerontology.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1994

Epidemiological aspects of visual impairment above 50 years in a rural area.

A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 5 villages in central India to find out the extent, causes and epidemiological factors for visual impairment among 903 individuals aged above 50 years; 44.3% of them were visually impaired (29.4% with low vision and 14.9% blind). Age-specific visual impairment increased at a rate of 13.2% with each decade of advancing age. Landless labourers suffered more from visual impairment than other occupational groups (p < 0.05). Socioeconomic and literacy status of the population did not significantly influence the prevalence of visual impairment. Major causes of visual impairment were cataract (48.5%), refractive errors (24.5%), age-related macular degeneration (10%), glaucoma (6.8%), and others (10.2%). In view of the high prevalence of visual impairment among the elderly individuals, it is necessary to intensify our efforts in motivating them for early detection and treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Adaptability of a broad spectrum of randomly selected patients to a variable design progressive lens: report of a nationwide clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Through continuously improved design, progressive lenses have become the presbyopic lens style of choice by some practitioners. Studies have shown them to be preferred by patients but growth has been modest over the last 35 years. Many practitioners may remember early problems now eliminated. This stigma may prevent many patients from benefiting from improved technology. METHODS: An invitation to be involved in a study was sent to practitioners nationally. Each was asked to induct ten patients; obtaining personal and prescription information as well as preferences, adaptive experience, age and occupation. Practitioners were asked to target current presbyopes so that conversion success could be better evaluated. RESULTS: The 1,713 patients in the study had an average age of 49.4 years, 28 percent of whom were currently wearing bifocals or trifocals. Of these, 85 percent preferred the study PAL over their current multifocal. Most adapted in less than two weeks. A similar percentage was also seen across the variety of occupations in the study. CONCLUSIONS: With a confidence level of 95 percent, the findings of this large scale study regarding acceptance of the study PAL were extremely positive. Success is apparently influenced by fitting skills as most failures were recorded in a few isolated practices where acceptance level dropped to less than 40 percent. Without these, the balance of practitioners averaged over a 90 percent acceptance level in patients converting from a wide range of lens styles, as well as patients of a wide variety of ages and occupations.

Adaptation, Ocular↗
PubMed1993

Clinical evaluation of the anterior constant focus (ACF) annular bifocal contact lens.

We evaluated the distance and near vision of 33 presbyopic patients who wore the Anterior Constant Focus (ACF) rigid gas permeable (RGP) bifocal lens. Twenty-seven patients (82%) wore the lenses for one year; the six patients who quit the study complained of unacceptable vision (four patients) and discomfort (two patients). Twenty-five patients (76%) obtained 20/25 or better distance vision, and 28 patients (85%) obtained J2 or better near vision. Contrast sensitivity was within normal limits in 24 of 33 (73%) patients. We feel the ACF lens provides good bifocal vision in a non-translating RGP design.

Contact Lenses↗
PubMed1993

[Visual acuity and automobile driving fitness in the elderly].

BASIC REMARKS: Both physiological age-related degeneration of the organ of sight and its adnexa, and pathological age-related diseases, such as cataract, glaucoma or senile macula degeneration, impair a person's eyesight. MAJOR POINTS DISCUSSED: The consequences include a decrease in visual acuity, impairment of the visual field, diminishment of dark adaptation, twilight vision, contrast perception, and stereoscopic vision, together with a dramatic increase in sensitivity to light. All these phenomena may greatly reduce the elderly person's ability to cope with the demands made by modern traffic. Our investigations do, however, indicate that in parallel with increasing life expectancy, the physiological and pathological age-related changes in the organ of sight may be occurring later than formerly. Moreover, modern surgical techniques, for example senile cataract with implantation of an intraocular lens, may achieve optical rehabilitation. CONCLUSION: Active participation of the elderly in road traffic, for example driving a car, is certainly possible from the point of view of the ophthalmologist. Nevertheless, the introduction of regular testing of vision from the age of 65 onwards is to be recommended.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1993

Comparison between "readables" aspheric spectacle lenses and conventional spherical spectacle lenses for overcorrection of presbyopic single-vision contact lens wearers.

Binocular spectacle overcorrection for near with "Readables" progressive-addition lenses and with lenses having spherical surfaces were compared by 36 successful presbyopic wearers of single-vision contact lenses. The two forms of near correction were each worn by these subjects for 3 weeks in a randomized cross-over study and were also directly compared for 1 week in which both overcorrections were available. "Readables" spectacle correction was significantly better than the conventional overcorrection in four of the five patient response categories studied (visual comfort, close vision, intermediate vision, and function without removal) and was not significantly different in one of the five categories (ability to adapt). When asked to choose between the two near corrections, 81 percent of the subjects (29 of 36) preferred their "Readables" spectacles. It appears that "Readables" spectacle lenses offer a viable alternative to single-vision lenses when used for near correction of presbyopic patients wearing single-vision contact lenses for distance correction.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

A quantitative and qualitative assessment of the NOVAWET-Perception bifocal contact lens.

PURPOSE: We prospectively evaluated the NOVAWET-Perception multifocal contact lens for comfort and performance. METHODS: We fit 28 presbyopic patients with this multifocal contact lens. This multifocal rigid gas permeable lens has a multiaspheric back surface and multiple eccentricity values, allowing for a natural field of vision at all angles. Patients were evaluated prior to inclusion in the study and then at 1,3, and 9 months. Evaluations included slit lamp examination, visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and completion of a questionnaire regarding comfort and overall satisfaction. RESULTS: At the end of the study, 14 of 28 patients (50%) were successfully wearing the NOVAWET-Perception lenses. Of these, 12 (86%) achieved J2 or better near vision and 13 (93%) achieved 20/25 or better distance vision. Fourteen patients failed to complete the study. CONCLUSIONS: We believe the NOVALENS multifocal contact lens is a viable option for the correction of many presbyopic patients.

Contact Lenses↗
PubMed1977

Prevention of visual anxiety and proficiency problems in the senior air transport pilot.

Several actual cases were presented to show the problems encountered with flight deck vision in the middle-age presbyopic pilot both in the simulator and in flight. We have gained useful knowledge in the proper flight-deck needs and optical corrections for these pilots, which should be passed on to aviation examiners, eye specialists, and pilots themselves. This would relieve a great deal of unnecessary lost time and anxiety which results when the pilot has a correction unsuited for the cockpit and encounters extreme difficulty in simulator work and in actual flight conditions which he does not understand and which can become very frustrating and a source of anxiety because his career is at stake. This anxiety may lead to other functional ocular problems, is unnecessary, and can be prevented.

Aerospace Medicine↗