PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “RESPIRATORY FUNCTION TESTS”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 919 records · Page 51Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Indications for pulmonary function testing.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To critically assess original studies evaluating the role of preoperative pulmonary function testing in predicting postoperative outcomes. DESIGN: MEDLINE search of English-language articles from 1966 to 1987 using the following medical subjects headings respiratory function tests, lung, lung diseases, and preoperative care. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Relevant studies were subdivided by operative site. We included only studies for which we could determine pre- and post-test probabilities of morbidity, mortality, sensitivity, and specificity. Preoperative pulmonary function testing was found to have measureable benefit in predicting outcome in lung resection candidates. In selected patients, split perfusion lung scanning and pulmonary exercise testing appeared to be useful. Confirmation of these reports is necessary before these preoperative tests can be routinely recommended. In studies of upper abdominal surgery, spirometry and arterial blood gas analysis did not consistently have measureable benefit in identifying patients at increased risk for postoperative pneumonia, prolonged hospitalization, and death. Studies of preoperative testing for other patients, including those having coronary artery bypass grafting, lacked adequate data for meaningful analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative pulmonary function testing helps clinicians to make decisions on management of lung resection candidates. Although many studies of patients before abdominal surgery have focused on the utility of preoperative pulmonary function testing, methodologic difficulties undermine the validity of their conclusions. The impact of testing on care of other preoperative patients is even less clear because of poor study design and insufficient data. Therefore, further investigation is necessary before a consensus can be reached on the role of preoperative pulmonary function testing in evaluating patients before all surgical procedures except lung resection.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1997

[Bronchial reactivity in diabetic patients].

The data of the literature concerning bronchial reactivity in diabetic patients are controversial. Therefore, we studied the influence of the presence of a diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) on the ventilatory parameters measured during a methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction test. Ten insulin-dependent diabetic patients without CAN, ten insulin-dependent diabetic patients with CAN and ten healthy volunteers, all non-smokers and free of respiratory symptoms, have undergone a functional respiratory check-up before the methacholine test. The presence of CAN was classically studied by the decrease in heart rate changes during three standardized tests (deep breathing at 6 cycles/min, Valsalva manoeuver, orthostatism) which all mainly explore the parasympathetic function. The bronchial response to methacholine was similar in the healthy subjects and in the diabetic patients without CAN. However, the fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 second induced by the highest dose of methacholine was significantly less marked in the diabetic subjects with CAN than in the two other groups. These results suggest that the diabetic autonomic neuropathy also involves the vagal innervation of the respiratory tract.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Cardiopulmonary measurements in nonanesthetized, resting normal ponies.

Cardiopulmonary measurements were determined in 19 nonanesthetized, normal ponies. Mean values for arterial pressure, pulmonary arterial pressure, cardiac output, heart rate, packed cell volume, and hemoglobin are reported, as well as acid-base determinations of arterial blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Respiratory function test data include total ventilation, respiratory rate, alveolar ventilation, oxygen uptake, and carbon dioxide output. The data compare favorably with the available data from previous reports on ponies. Because of large day-to-day variations in total ventilation, alveolar ventilation should be measured if ponies are used in the study of pulmonary function.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Inert gas single-breath washout and structural alteration of respiratory bronchioles.

With the perspective of establishing a link between a respiratory function test and alterations of membranous bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, and alveolar ducts, we performed forced expirations and four kinds of single-breath washout maneuvers on 27 men due to undergo a lobectomy for peripheral bronchial carcinoma. For the single-breath washouts, the inhaled gas mixture consisted of 90% O2, 5% He, 5% SF6. The four maneuvers were the standard vital capacity test and three successive inhalations of 0.5, 1, and 1.5 L from functional residual capacity. The slopes of N2, He, and SF6 for each maneuver were computed, as well as a new index (I2) describing the relative decrease of the difference between the SF6 and the He slopes induced by a larger inspiratory volume. The histologic analysis focused on pigmentation, inflammation, and fibrosis of membranous bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, and alveolar ducts. There was a linear relationship with a highly significant correlation coefficient between the new index I2 and the degree of inflammatory (r = 0.73) and fibrotic (r = 0.63) changes of the respiratory bronchioles; this correlation persisted in patients with a normal FEV1/VC ratio. These preliminary data open the way to finding a test for early peripheral (intraacinar) airway dysfunction.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Effect of triiodothyronine-induced thyrotoxicosis on airway hyperresponsiveness.

To determine whether thyrotoxicosis has an effect on the asthmatic state in subjects with mild asthma, airway responsiveness, lung function, and exercise capacity were measured in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial before and after liothyronine (triiodothyronine, T3)-induced thyrotoxicosis. Baseline evaluation of 15 subjects with mild asthma included clinical evaluation, thyroid and routine pulmonary function tests, airway responsiveness assessment by methacholine inhalation challenge, and a symptom-limited maximal exercise test. For all subjects, the initial testing revealed that the dose of methacholine which provoked a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in 1s (PD20) was in a range consistent with symptomatic asthma. There was no significant change in pulmonary function tests, airway reactivity (PD20), or exercise capacity in either the placebo or the T3-treated groups. Thyroid function tests confirmed mild sustained thyrotoxicosis in the T3-treated groups. We conclude that mild T3-induced thyrotoxicosis of 4-wk duration had no effect on lung function, airway responsiveness, or exercise capacity in subjects with mild asthma.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Diagnostic approach to new or unrecognized risks in hypersensitivity pneumopathies].

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is one model of environmental pulmonary disease. If the clinical and radiological pictures are now well established the risk of allergic disorders in the community can only be appreciated by large epidemiological enquiries which ought to be carried out with the utmost vigor, yet may be deceptive. As regards diagnosis, one should take note on the one hand of: --respiratory function tests showing the involvement of the alveoli and the interstitium in the pathological process but also that of the peripheral bronchioles, that is the distal lung as a whole. --On the other hand systemic immunological studies (search for precipitating antibodies to allergens, always considered to be a diagnostic test of major value) may nonetheless be reinforced by cell counts lymphocytes) or skin tests and even provocation tests. --The study of bronchoalveolar lavage yields very important information: An increase in the number of cells, notably " T " lymphocytes, biochemical disturbances characterized by an increase in protein and lipid levels with qualitative changes in the phospholipids: a fall in the lecithin and a rise of the other fractions which lead to an increase in the microviscosity of alveolar liquid. Finally an aetiological study is required to identify the allergen in the ambient atmosphere of the patient or worker and if possible, an experimental study trying to reproduce the pathological lesions and the immunological disturbances. Finally the treatment should consist of excluding the offending agent. Steroid therapy is justified in acute situations with disturbed function, but this does not prevent a final outcome of irreversible fibrosis.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1996

Diagnostic tests of lung function.

Objective measurements of a wide variety of aspects of respiratory function can be useful in the evaluation and management of children and adolescents who have respiratory symptoms or disorders. Many of the tests described in this article can be performed reasonably in the pediatrician's office. Pediatricians can be comfortable in measuring and interpreting pulse oximetry, blood gas analysis, spirometry, and peak flow. They also should be familiar with the indications for the less common tests of pulmonary function that now are widely available.

Airway Resistance↗