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At least 919 records · Page 51Linked to original sources
PubMed1968

Effects of prostaglandins (PGE1, PGE2, PGA1, PGF1 alpha) on the hypogastric nerves vas deferens and seminal vesicle preparations of the guinea pig [abstract].

The effects of some naturally occurring prostaglandins (PGs) (PGE2, PGA1, and PGF1alpha) has been studied in vitro on the hypogastric nerves vas deferens and seminal vesicle preparations of the guinea pig and compared with that of PGE1. It has been shown that, like PGE1, PGE2, PGA1, and PGF1alpha are capable to increase markedly the effects of the sympathetic stimulation and of the sympathetic amines (adrenaline and noradrenaline) on the vas deferens and seminal vesicle of the guinea pig. PGE2, has however 1/10 and PGA1 and PGF1alpha 1/100 the potency of PGE1. It is suggested that, they may have a specific action in guinea pig enhancing the sensitivity of the semen excreting apparatus to nervous stimuli.

Animals, Laboratory↗
PubMed1980

Estrogen receptors in the human prostate, seminal vesicle, epididymis, testis, and genital skin: a marker for estrogen-responsive tissues?

In an effort to identify those human male sex accessory tissues that may be under the physiological influence of estrogen, cytosolic and nuclear estrogen receptors were measured with two ligand systems that used either [3H]R2858 [moxesterol(11 beta-methoxy-17-ethynyl-1,3,5,(10)-estratriene-3,17 beta-diol)] or [3H]estradiol plus 1 microM dihydrotestosterone with diethylstilbestrol to correct for nonspecific binding. In seminal vesicles, high affinity binding was identified in cytosol (6 of 7 determinations) and nuclear extract (4 of 7 determinations); in the epididymis, high affinity binding was also present in the cytosol (10 of 12 determinations) and nuclear extract (10 of 11 determinations). In contrast, no high affinity binding was demonstrated in cytosol from the testis (0 of 5 determinations) or genital skin (0 of 7 determinations), and only low levels of nuclear receptor (80 fmol/g tissue) were present in the testis (3 of 5 determinations) and genital skin (1 of 7 determinations). In nonhyperplastic prostatic tissue, high affinity binding was present [in the cytosol of periurethral zone tissue (3 of 7 determinations) and nuclear extract (1 of 7 determinations), in cytosol of peripheral zone tissue (7 of 8 determinations) and nuclear extract (4 of 7 determinations), and in prostatic carcinoma cytosol (5 of 12 determinations) and nuclear extract (10 of 13 determinations)]. In contrast, no high affinity binding was present in either cytosol or nuclear extract from benign hyperplastic prostatic tissue. The finding of estrogen receptors in the human epididymis, seminal vesicle, and prostatic carcinoma suggests that estrogen, in addition to androgen, may act in the physiological regulation of these organs. However, the direct role of estrogen in the induction and maintenance of benign prostatic hyperplasia remains to be defined.

Cell Nucleus↗
PubMed1992

[Calcification of seminal vesicles and deferent duct].

Herein we describe a chronic diabetic with calcification of both seminal vesicles and the deferent duct which had been disclosed by a plain film of the urinary tract and an IVP. Currently the foregoing condition can be considered to be pathognomonic of diabetes mellitus, although these patients generally do not present urological symptoms or signs.

Calcinosis↗
PubMed1987

Lesions of the prostate glands and seminal vesicles induced by N-methylnitrosourea in F344 rats pretreated with ethinyl estradiol.

In an attempt to induce a high incidence of prostate carcinoma, N-methylnitrosourea (MNU), a multipotential carcinogen, was given during the period of cell proliferation of the prostate gland induced by administration of methyltestosterone (MT) to F344 rats pretreated with ethinyl estradiol (EE). Rats were given diet containing EE for 3 weeks and then diet containing 300 ppm of MT for 5 days. On the 3rd day of MT-treatment, they were given a single intravenous injection of 50 mg/kg body wt. of MNU. Control rats (group 4) were given vehicle only. After treatment with MT for 5 days, the rats were given basal diet (group 1), diet containing MT (group 2) or diet periodically containing EE (groups 3 and 4) until the end of the experiment (week 60). Carcinoma of the prostate was found only in 1 of 17 rats in group 3. Atypical hyperplasia of the prostate was found in 1 of 10 rats in group 1 and 3 of 17 rats in group 2. The incidences of atypical hyperplasia of the seminal vesicles in groups 1-3 were 0%, 41% and 29%, respectively. No tumor promoting effect of MT or EE was observed except promotion by MT on the development of atypical hyperplasia of the seminal vesicles.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Leptin and leptin receptors in the prostate and seminal vesicles of the adult rat.

Leptin is an adipose tissue-secreted hormone that acts via specific receptors (Ob-R), of which six isoforms are at present recognized (from Ob-Ra to Ob-Rf). Ob-Rb is the only isoform able to activate JAK-STAT and MAPK signaling cascades. A large body of evidence suggests that leptin and its receptors are involved in prostate physiology and pathophysiology in humans, but studies on the leptin system in the rat prostate are lacking. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction showed the expression of mRNAs of leptin, Ob-Ra, Ob-Rb, Ob-Rc, Ob-Re and Ob-Rf in adult rat seminal vesicles and prostate (coagulating, dorsal, ventral and lateral lobes). Western blotting demonstrated the presence in these specimens of the Ob-Rb protein, and immunocytochemistry revealed that Ob-Rb was mainly located in their epithelial-cell component. Collectively, these findings strongly suggest that leptin and Ob-R may be involved in the autocrine-paracrine functional regulation of the epithelial cells of adult rat seminal vesicles and prostate.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Comparison of the action of an impeded estrogen, frideron, and of estradiol on the seminal vesicles and on the weight of the testicles and accessory sex glands in the rat. II].

We have undertaken a comparative study on the effects of estradiol and of an impeded estrogen, zeranol, in the prepubescent Wistar male rat. Both had an inhibitory effect on the secretion of F.S.H. in the spermatogenesis test. Nine injections of estradiol or nine ingestions of zeranol had a restraining effect with a dose of 0.5 microgram of estradiol or of 500 micrograms of zeranol (for 100 g of body weight). With some animals, spermatogenesis is interrupted and the weight of the testicles decreased; the treatment is more active with stronger doses: 2 micrograms of estradiol interrupted spermatogenesis in 10 rats out of 11, 1.000 microgram of zeranol interrupted it in 10 rats out of 13. A weak dose of either estrogen (0.05 microgram of estradiol or 20 micrograms of zeranol) stimulated the growth of the seminal vesicles, the prostate gland and the preputial glands. Strong doses decrease the weight of the preputial glands, and even more the weight of the prostate gland (10 micrograms of estradiol, 1.000 microgram of zeranol). They are ineffective on the seminal vesicles. The effects of 2 micrograms of estradiol on the testicles and the accessory sexual glands are completely inhibited by the simultaneous administration of 2 U.I. of P.M.S. rich in FSH.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

The fourth International Standard for Human Urinary FSH and LH: specificities of LH seminal vesicle weight gain assays in the collaborative study differ between laboratories.

The fourth International Standard for Human Urinary FSH and LH (IS; in ampoules coded 98/704) was compared with the third International Standard for Urinary FSH and LH (IS 71/264) by 10 laboratories in nine countries, using FSH and LH in vivo bioassays. Estimates of the FSH content of the IS by augmented ovarian weight gain assays were homogeneous within each laboratory and over all laboratories. The combined weighted geometric mean estimate of FSH content of the IS (with 95% fiducial limits) in terms of IS 71/264 was 71.9 (69.0-74.9) IU/ampoule. Although estimates by seminal vesicle weight gain (SVW) assays of the relative LH activities of the IS and IS 71/264 were homogeneous within laboratories, estimates were heterogeneous between laboratories. This indicated differences between the spectrum of LH isoforms in the IS and IS 71/264, which were obtained from different manufacturers, and differences between the specificities of SVW assays performed in different laboratories. The differences between the specificities of SVW assays appeared to be related to interactions among mean laboratory seminal vesicle weights, age and genetic strain of rat. The finding of inter-laboratory differences in the specificities of SVW assays is of some significance, as this assay method has been generally adopted by Pharmacopoeias for the control of the LH content of therapeutic products. The combined unweighted geometric mean estimate of LH content of the IS (with 95% fiducial limits) in terms of IS 71/264 by SVW and ovarian ascorbate depletion assays was 70.2 (61.7-80.0) IU/ampoule. Estimates of the FSH and LH content of ampoules of the IS kept at increased temperatures suggested that the IS would be adequately stable under normal storage conditions. On the basis of these results, the World Health Organization Expert Committee on Biological Standardization established the preparation in ampoules coded 98/704 as the fourth International Standard for Human Urinary FSH and LH, and assigned to the contents of each ampoule an activity of 72 International Units of urinary FSH and an activity of 70 International Units of urinary LH.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Effect of short-term treatment of eugenol on the seminal vesicles of adult albino rats.

The structure and biochemical content of adult albino rat seminal vesicles, were studied, after administration of two different doses of eugenol for 10 days (0.2 and 0.3 mg/kg/day, i.m.). Marked decreases in the concentrations of nucleic acids, fructose and total protein as well as RNA/DNA ratio (61%) and protein/DNA ratio (27%) were observed. A remarkable increase in phospholipid concentration was noted with a corresponding decrease in neutral lipids. Histologically, eugenol treated animals showed degeneration of the secretory columnar cells and well developed myofibrillar connective tissues when compared to control animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Evidence that ATP is involved as a co-transmitter in the hypogastric nerve supplying the seminal vesicle of the guinea-pig.

Electrical field stimulation of the guinea-pig seminal vesicle (4 Hz and 16 Hz) produced a biphasic response. The initial rapid twitch response was blocked by desensitisation of the P2-purinoceptor with alpha, beta-methylene ATP. The slower tonic response was blocked by the alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist phentolamine (10 microM). The present results are similar to those found earlier for the guinea-pig vas deferens, indicating that ATP and NA may be released as co-transmitters from hypogastric nerve fibres.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1984

Irreversible androgen induced growth in seminal vesicle smooth muscle.

The dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-sustained normal pubertal development of the guinea pig seminal vesicle epithelium proved to be highly reversible in that 4 weeks after cessation of hormone treatment there were significant reductions in epithelial wet weight, DNA content, and collagen content. In contrast, the DHT-induced prepubertal development of smooth muscle DNA and collagen contents were not significantly reduced following hormone withdrawal. In adult animals treated daily with DHT for 4 weeks, there was an increase in collagen content of approx 80% above either castrate or normal controls, which also proved to be irreversible. These findings indicate that the autophagic mechanisms, which are activated upon withdrawal of the androgenic stimulus and serve to degrade epithelial cells and the associated collagenous matrices, are not operant in the smooth muscle of the organ.

Aging↗
PubMed1993

Prepubertal development of rat prostate and seminal vesicle following chemical sympathectomy with guanethidine.

1. The internal genital organs of prepubertal, 21-day old male Wistar rats were sympathectomized by ip injection of guanethidine (G), at doses of 5 mg/kg per day (N = 10) or 10 mg/kg per day (N = 10), for 20 days. Controls (N = 10) received saline. 2. Plasma testosterone level (measured by radioimmunoassay) decreased significantly in sympathectomized rats from 4.11 +/- 0.57 to 1.76 +/- 0.37 ng/ml (5 mg/kg G) and to 1.17 +/- 0.26 ng/ml (10 mg/kg G). Plasma levels of luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones and of prolactin were unaltered. 3. Chemical denervation caused a significant decrease in ventral prostate wet weight from 74.3 +/- 5.5 to 59.3 +/- 4.7 mg (5 mg/kg G) and to 54.6 +/- 4.1 mg (10 mg/kg G) and in seminal vesicle wet weight from 36.5 +/- 6.8 to 31.7 +/- 5.2 mg (5 mg/kg G) and to 21.3 +/- 1.6 mg (10 mg/kg G). 4. The potential secretory activity of the prostate (measured in terms of fructose content) decreased significantly in guanethidine-treated rats from 0.38 +/- 0.02 to 0.30 +/- 0.02 mg/g (5 mg/kg G) and to 0.20 +/- 0.02 mg/g (10 mg/kg G). The seminal vesicle fructose content (0.33 +/- 0.04 mg/g for controls), however, was not altered by chemical denervation. 5. Our data suggested that sympathetic neurons may be involved in the control of LH receptors, at least in the prepubertal phase of sexual development. They may also be directly related to growth and secretory activity of the male accessory sex glands.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Biosynthesis of prostaglandin D2, 15-ketoprostaglandin E2, and hydroxy fatty acids by ram seminal vesicle microsomes.

At high arachidonic acid concentrations (164 micrometer) and without exogenous cofactors, ram seminal vesicle microsomes produced prostaglandin E2 and two less polar products, identified as prostaglandin D2 and 15-ketoprostaglandin E2. The ratio of the biosynthetic products formed depended on the exogenous cofactor and on the arachidonic acid concentration. At high arachidonic acid concentrations (greater than 150 micrometer), tryptophan, phenol, and glutathione stimulated prostaglandin E2 formation, but each affected the formation of the other prostaglandins differently. Ascorbic acid markedly stimulated hydroxy fatty acid formation. GLC-mass spectral analysis of the hydroxy fatty acid fraction indicated the presence of 11-hydroxy-5,8,12,14-eicosatetraenoic acid, 15-hydroxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid, and 12-hydroxy-5,8,10-heptadecatrienoic acid. At low arachidonic acid concentrations (30 micrometer), glutathione still stimulated prostaglandin E2 biosynthesis, but the other cofactors stimulated 6-ketoprostaglandin F1a and hydroxy fatty acid formation.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Growth of seminal vesicle epithelial cells in serum-free collagen gel culture.

Epithelial cells from mouse seminal vesicles were enzymatically dissociated, enriched by gradient centrifugation, and maintained in collagen gel cultures with defined (serum-free) media. The epithelial origin of the cells was determined morphologically, immunocytochemically, and biochemically. Cells formed three-dimensional colonies with a lumen in collagen gels. Cell number was increased eight-fold within a 8 to 12-d culture period in a medium supplemented with epidermal growth factor (EGF) (10 ng/ml), insulin (10 micrograms/ml), transferrin (10 micrograms/ml), cholera toxin (10 ng/ml), and hydrocortisone (0.1 microgram/ml). The cells required EGF and insulin; the growth-promoting effects of these two peptide hormones were optimized by transferrin, cholera toxin, and hydrocortisone. Fetal bovine serum did not support growth; rather, it suppressed the stimulated growth observed in serum-free media. A time-course study revealed that a lag period preceded rapid growth. The collagen gel, serum-free culture provides a powerful tool to study the effects of hormones on proliferation and differentiation of androgen sensitive cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Effect of substrate concentration on inhibition of prostaglandin synthetase of bull seminal vesicles by anti-inflammatory drugs and fenamic acid analogs.

Although microsomes of bull seminal vesicle synthesize prostaglandins F2alpha, E2 and D2 from arachidonic acid under suitable assay conditions, prostaglandin E2 is the only significant product at either low concentration of arachidonic acid or high concentration of microsomes. Studies of inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis in vitro by anti-inflammatory drugs at both high (1 mM) and low (1 muM) concentrations of arachidonic acid, suggest three distinct mechanisms of inhibition. Benzydamine and flazalone are non-competitive or weakly competitive with arachidonic acid and, at high concentrations of arachidonic acid, they augment sythesis of prostaglandin E2 while inhibiting production of prostaglandins F2alpha and D2. Niflumic acid and the arylacetic acids naproxen and ibuprofen are competitive inhibiting all products equally, but with 100-500-fold greater potency at the low substrate concentration. The fenamic acids, indomethacin, aspirin, and phenylbutazone also inhibit equally all prostaglandin products, but are only 20--50 times more potent at the low substrate concentration. Studies with analogs of the fenamic acids indicate that the diphenylamine protion of their structure is essential for inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis, whereas the o-carboxyl and m-alkul substitutents greatly enhance inhibitory potency.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Mass spectrometric identification of the amino donor and acceptor sites in a transglutaminase protein substrate secreted from rat seminal vesicles.

Four different transglutaminase-modified forms of a protein secreted by the rat seminal vesicles (SV-IV) were synthesized in vitro and characterized. FAB maps of both the native protein and its derivatives, produced by the purified guinea pig liver enzyme in the presence or absence of the polyamine spermidine, were obtained by mass spectrometric analysis after proteolytic digestions. Two differently derivatized SV-IV molecular forms, both possessing only one glutamine residue out of two (Gln-86) cross-linked to endogenous lysine residues, were produced when spermidine was omitted from the reaction mixture: (i) an insoluble homopolymer in which Lys-2, -4, -59, -78, -79, and -80 were involved in the linkage; (ii) a soluble form of the protein with an intramolecular epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl)lysine isopeptide bond between Gln-86 and Lys-59. Two species of SV-IV-spermidine adducts were obtained when the protein was treated with transglutaminase in the presence of high concentrations of the polyamine. The first one was characterized by one spermidine molecule covalently bound to Gln-86 and the second one by two spermidine molecules respectively bound to Gln-9 and Gln-86.

Amino Acid Sequence↗