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At least 919 records · Page 51Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

[An in vitro model for the simulation of approximal wear].

Several methods have been developed to evaluate attritional wear of restorative materials. A distinction was made between attritional wear in occlusal contact areas (OCA) and wear in contact-free occlusal areas (CFOA). Only limited data dealing with approximal wear in vitro are available. Using a new configuration of the computer-controlled masticator, approximal wear of two composites (P-50, 3M and Tetric Ceram, Ivoclar-Vivadent) was assessed in a two-body wear test after thermo-mechanical loading. Wear was quantified using a profilometer. In addition, micromorphology was assessed by SEM. Wear showed a non-linear pattern, which was comparable to occlusal abrasion. After the first loading cycle, wear increased significantly (p < or = 0.05), and subsequently decreased. After a 5-year-equivalent, the mean substance loss for composite specimens was 20.3 +/- 15.6 microns for P-50 und 17.5 +/- 3.1 microns for Tetric Ceram. Approximal wear between enamel surfaces was 3.9 +/- 4.3 microns. In another experiment, the influence of the approximal wear on an enamel bonding agent was assessed. After thermo-mechanical loading, specimens were immersed in a demineralisation gel. The protective potential of the sealant was assessed under a polarized light microscope. The results suggested that partial sealant loss could lead to caries-like demineralisation in the affected areas.

Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate↗
PubMed2003

[Structural characteristics of dental cementum of skeletal remains of the first Catholic cemetery in Berlin (St. Hedwig's Cemetery, Central Berlin; 1777-1834)].

Analysis of the incremental lines of human tooth cementum permits the chronological age-at-death diagnosis in skeletal finds. In addition, certain life history parameters, especially times of higher physiological calcium demand, should also manifest themselves in the cementum in the form of hypomineralized incremental lines. It has been shown previously that counting the incremental lines leads to a chronological age-at-death diagnosis more precise than the morphological age-at-death assessment, particularly in less well preserved skeletal finds. Both aspects were subject of this investigation of an underprivileged early modern human population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[The role of saliva in maintaining oral health].

It is now established that saliva is important for the health of both soft and hard oral tissues. This article focuses on the role played by saliva in influencing oral structures: the most important factors related to it will be illustrated. The action of saliva and the multifunctional aspects of its components in both detrimental and beneficial effects on oral health are underlined.

Dental Plaque↗
PubMed1992

The influence of dry food on the development of feline neck lesions.

The pH of the tooth surface was determined in cats with neck lesions. The presumption that commercial dry cat food with an acid coating can lead to neck lesions is investigated. In general cats with neck lesions had lower pH values of the tooth surface (7.93 +/- 0.61) than healthy cats (8.65 +/- 0.58). Feeding dry cat food with an acid surface did not contribute to the pathogenesis of neck lesions.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Morphometric computerized analysis on the dentinal tubules and the collagen fibers in the dentine of human permanent teeth.

A morphometric analysis has been performed on important components of human dentine using an image computerized analyzer. The dentinal tubule diameter and their area percentage were calculated. Moreover the area percentage of the collagen fibers in the dentinal matrix was measured. These parameters have been evaluated in different areas of the coronal and the radicular dentine in permanent teeth. Measurements have been performed on undecalcified and decalcified teeth and on teeth treated with enzymatic digestion to remove the organic non collagen matrix and to evidentiate the collagen fiber network. The values obtained in different areas of the tooth and in samples submitted to different treatments were evaluated by statistical analysis. Dentinal tubule diameter and area percentage significatively decrease from the inner to the peripheral dentine both in the undecalcified teeth as in the decalcified ones and in the samples undergone to enzymatic digestion. The collagen fiber percentage in the organic matrix is significatively lower in the mantle dentine.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The laboratory and clinical safety evaluation of a dentifrice containing hydrogen peroxide and baking soda.

This study reports the laboratory, clinical, and microbiological finding of the safety testing and daily use of a dentifrice delivering 0.75% hydrogen peroxide and 5% baking soda. Laboratory studies using Ca45 labeled teeth and biologically stained teeth confirmed that the dentifrice did not decalcify enamel or bleach teeth. Over the course of a six-month period, 62 subjects using a hydrogen peroxide-baking soda dentifrice and 21 subjects using a control dentifrice were examined for oral soft tissue change and hard tissue alterations. No soft tissue changes attributable to the use of either dentifrice were noted. Experienced clinicians using Trubyte shade guide teeth observed no significant changes to the subjects' anterior teeth following 6 months use of the test dentifrice. Paired discrimination tests revealed that the examiners could distinguish color differences in the shade guide teeth at 0.7%. Microbiological monitoring of the subjects for six months use of their assigned dentifrice and for the following months on the control dentifrice, revealed neither an increased incidence of candida nor increased candida counts.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Visual-tactile examination compared with conventional radiography, digital radiography, and Diagnodent in the diagnosis of occlusal occult caries in extracted premolars.

PURPOSE: This laboratory study compared visual-tactile examination with conventional radiographs, digital radiographs, and laser fluorescence in the detection of occlusal occult caries on extracted premolar teeth. METHODS: Extracted premolars without obvious caries or restorations were collected from school dental clinics. Occlusal surfaces of 320 extracted premolars were examined visually with an explorer, then examined using the KaVo Diagnodent unit and scored using specific criteria. The teeth were exposed using conventional and digital radiography, respectively. The radiographs were assessed for dentin radiolucencies beneath the occlusal surface. RESULTS: Of the 320 teeth used in this study, 302 were scored as sound by visual-tactile examination. Of these, 57 (19%) demonstrated dentin radiolucency on conventional bite-wings, and 245 (81%) were scored as radiographically sound. Thus, the sensitivity and specificity values of the visual-tactile examination compared with conventional radiography were 81% and 44%, respectively. In contrast, Diagnodent produced results of 82% sensitivity and 36% specificity when compared with conventional radiography. When compared to digital radiography, the sensitivity and specificity values of the visual-tactile examination were 90% and 44%, respectively. In contrast, when compared to digital radiography, Diagnodent showed a very low specificity of only 32%, although sensitivity was still high at 91%. Differences in specificity among the techniques were statistically significant (P < .03), whereas differences in sensitivity were not (P > .01). CONCLUSIONS: Although the diagnosis of occult dentinal caries may be further enhanced by the Diagnodent, a combination of visual-tactile examination and either conventional or digital radiography should identify over 80% of lesions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Two-year longitudinal study of a peroxide-fluoride rinse on decalcification in adolescent orthodontic patients.

The purpose of the present study was to determine if once daily use of a 1.5% H2O2 rinse with 0.05% NaF was more effective in preventing decalcification in adolescent orthodontic patients than comparable use of a 0.05% NaF rinse without H2O2, or in patients using no rinse at all. Ninety-five subjects were selected consecutively from adolescents scheduled to receive fixed orthodontic treatment on both dental arches. Three groups were formed that were matched in percentages for age and sex. The first group (control group, n = 35) used a 1100 ppm F toothpaste only. The second group (NaF rinse group, n = 30) used both the same toothpaste and a once daily 0.05% NaF rinse. The third group (H2O2-NaF rinse group, n = 30) used the toothpaste and a once daily rinse containing both 0.05% NaF and 1.5% H2O2. Decalcification was assessed single-blind on the facial surfaces of all erupted teeth at baseline (before appliances were placed), and 3 months after fixed appliances were removed. The difference between baseline and post-treatment decalcification levels determined the incidence of decalcification during orthodontic treatment. Since the first molars were found to have the highest decalcification scores, separate analyses of variance were carried out for the whole mouth and first molar assessments. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The results showed no significant differences between any of the groups before orthodontic treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Quantitative assessment of enamel hypomineralization by KaVo DIAGNOdent at different sites on first permanent molars of children in China.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the most caries-susceptible site of pits and fissures on first permanent molars by quantitative evaluation of the mineralization in both caries-active and caries-free children, and to provide helpful information for cost-effective, targeted prevention. METHODS: Eighty-four caries-free and 85 caries-active children were selected from 800 6- to 7-year-old children with fully erupted first permanent molars. Hypomineralization of the central fossa (CF) and lingual pit (LP) of the maxillary or buccal pit (BP) of mandibular first permanent molars were evaluated by KaVo DIAGNOdent. Statistical analysis included grouped t test and single-factor variance analysis and paired comparison. RESULTS: CF of mandibular first permanent molars had significantly greater hypomineralization than other sites. The hypomineralization of the maxillary CF is more severe than that of LP. The extent of the hypomineralization of each site at the first permanent molar in caries-active children was significantly higher than that in caries-free children. CONCLUSIONS: Central fossae of first mandibular molars are the most hypomineralized sites in both caries-free and caries-active groups. The results suggest that preventive interventions should be targeted at the CF of mandibular molars with special concern given to the caries-active population.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Providing oral health to the little ones.

The dental profession has achieved successes in reducing the incidence of tooth decay and periodontal disease in adults and teens. The same cannot be said of Early Childhood Caries, which is the most prevalent chronic childhood disease and the greatest unmet healthcare need among youngsters, particularly those from underserved populations. The authors elucidate the infectious, transmissible disease process underlying ECC, the milestones at which preventive intervention is vital to successful treatment of infant patients, and protocols for preventive treatment. The concept of the "Dental Home," its critical role in the dental health of families with young children, and the best-practice timeline for its establishment, are delineated. The authors offer guidelines for caries risk assessment, specific treatment recommendations for the prevention of infant caries, and strategies to facilitate pediatric practice.

Dental Care for Children↗
PubMed2004

[Research methods in dentistry. 6. In vivo and in vitro methods for studying caries lesion progression].

This paper describes some of the most used methods for caries lesion progression measurement in in vivo and in vitro research. Clinical measurements are usually limited to visual inspection. Currently available scoring systems and statistical analyses, making use of changes in lesion stage, have the potential to make caries clinical trials more efficient. A method for light fluorescence measurements is capable of measuring small changes in mineral loss for early lesions, In the laboratory, mainly destructive methods are used. The most widely accepted gold standard at the moment is transversal microradiography (TMR). Other microradiographical methods are described, that allow for longitudinal measurements.

Dental Caries↗
PubMed2005

[The penetration of various adhesives into early enamel lesions in vitro].

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the penetration depth (PD) and the thickness of the oxygen inhibition layer (OIL) of a fissure sealant (Helioseal, Vivadent) and various adhesives (Heliobond, Excite, Vivadent; Resulcin, Merz; Solobond M, Voco; Prompt L-Pop, 3M-Espe) applied to enamel lesions in vitro. From 27 bovine teeth 54 enamel specimens were prepared and covered with nail varnish (control) thus obtaining three windows for treatment. After demineralisation (pH 5.0, 14 d) two of the windows were etched with phosphoric acid (20%, 5 s), whereas the third area served as control. The specimens were divided randomly into six groups (n = 9) and the respective adhesive was applied (90 s), either once or twice. Light-curing followed each application. Enamel slabs (perpendicular to the surface) were cut and studied after infiltration with a fluorescent low-viscous resin using confocal microscopy (CLSM). The image of the lesion was divided into two areas with different grey values. Lesion depths were calculated (ImageJ) from the surface to that point in the lesion where the grey value clearly changed to a darker grey value. The zone with the darker grey values marked the front of demineralisation. Mean lesion depths (+/- SD) after demineralisation were measured at 105 (+/- 21) microm. After single application, Resulcin [89 (+/- 22)%] and Helioseal [98 (+/- 6)%] had almost completely penetrated the lesion. Heliobond [126 (+/- 33)%] and Excite [184 (+/- 40)%] penetrated even deeper than the defined lesion. For Excite double application decreased the OIL significantly (p = 0.03; adjusted paired t-test). Adhesives are capable to penetrate artificial initial enamel lesions completely. Follow-up studies are needed to confirm this effect for natural lesions.

Acrylates↗
PubMed2005

In vitro cariostatic effect of whitening toothpastes in human dental enamel-microhardness evaluation.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate, in vitro, the cariostatic effect of whitening toothpastes. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Ninety-five dental fragments were obtained from nonerupted third molars. The fragments were embedded in polystyrene resin and sequentially polished with abrasive papers (400-, 600-, and 1,000-grit) and diamond pastes of 6, 3, and 1 microm. The fragments were assigned in five groups according to toothpaste treatment: G1 = Rembrandt Plus with Peroxide; G2 = Crest Dual Action Whitening; G3 = Aquafresh Whitening Triple Protection; and the control groups: G4 = Sensodyne Original (without fluoride); G5 = Sensodyne Sodium Bicarbonated (with fluoride). The initial enamel microhardness evaluations were done. For 2 weeks the fragments were submitted daily to a de-remineralization cycle followed by a 10-minute toothpaste slurry. After that, the final microhardness tests were done. The percentage of mineral loss of enamel was determined for statistical analysis. Analysis of variance and the Tukey test were applied. RESULTS: The results did not show statistically significant differences in mineral loss among groups G1, G2, G3, and G5, which statistically differ from G4 (toothpaste without fluoride). G4 showed the highest mineral loss (P < or = .05). CONCLUSION: The whitening toothpastes evaluated showed a cariostatic effect similar to regular, nonwhitening toothpaste.

Cariostatic Agents↗