[Influence of folic acid, pantothenic acid and vitamin B6 on the production of agglutinating antibodies].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Agglutinins↗
SEARCH · PubMed Health
Results for “AGGLUTININS AND AGGLUTINATION”
Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
[Blocking antibodies in brucellosis; their place in relation to the apparition of agglutinating antibodies].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Agglutinins↗
[Direct agglutination reaction for the diagnosis of Chagas' disease. Systematic use of 2-mercaptoethanol for the elimination of nonspecific agglutinins].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Acute Disease↗
Analyses of surface membrane carbohydrates in parasitic flagellates of the order kinetoplastida using lectins.
Crithidia fasciculata, Leishmania donovani, Leishmania major, Leishmania mexicana amazonensis, Leishmania tropica, Leishmania tarentolae, Trypanosoma sp. from Formosan bats (Tb), Trypanosoma lewisi, Trypanosoma musculi, and different strains of Trypanosoma cruzi (Tc) were cultivated at 27 degrees C in a liquid culture medium. Flagellates harvested from log phase culture were analyzed for their lectin agglutinating characteristics with concanavalin A (Con A), Peanut agglutinin, Ricinus communis agglutinin 120, soybean agglutinin (SBA), Ulex europeus agglutinin (UEA) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA). Results indicated that all these flagellates might have D-galactose and methyl- alpha-D-manopyranoside on their surface. The presence of L-Fucose, which complexes specifically with UEA, could not be demonstrated on the surface of these flagellates. Results from quantitative comparison of surface molecules of Tb and the Tulahuen strain of Tc suggested that Tb may have more WGA-binding molecules while Tc may have more ConA-binding molecules. Pretreatment of the flagellates with 0.05% trypsin at 37 degrees C for 30 minutes caused some reduction of agglutination titers. Cell agglutination with lectins was completely inhibited or reversed in the presence of the specific lectin-binding monosaccharides.
Agglutination↗
[Cold labile serum and plasma proteins: clinical and diagnostic significance of cryoglobulins, cryofibrinogen and cold agglutinins].
Cold labile serum and plasma proteins can cause a variety of clinicopathological symptoms. Due to altered physicochemical properties, cryoglobulins and cryofibrinogens may cause increased serum viscosity, cold dependent protein precipitation or, in rare cases, serum gelification. Cold agglutinins, on the other hand, cause temperature dependent agglutination of erythrocytes and eventually hemolysis. All pathological cold dependent serum and plasma phenomena are associated with either neoplasma, autoimmune disorders, various infections or are considered as "essential". While the diagnosis of these conditions remained largely unchanged during the last 10 years, new aspects regarding etiology, pathogenesis, and therapy have arisen.
Agglutinins↗
The immune response to Brucella abortus 45/20 adjuvant vaccine in terms of immunoglobin class.
Cattle vaccinated with Brucella abortus 45/20 adjuvant vaccine developed agglutinins for rough brucella antigens which were largely of the IgG classes. Only small amounts of IgM rough agglutinins were produced at the earliest stages of the serological response. Non-agglutinating antibodies detectable in the antiglobulin test were mainly of IgG2 and IgGI classes. Cattle previously exposed to smooth brucella antigens, after vaccination with 45/20 adjuvant vaccine, initially developed high titres of IgM agglutinins reacting with smooth brucella antigens. Subsequently the agglutinins were largely of IgG type. The non-agglutinating antibodies reacting with both smooth and rough antigens were largely of the IgG2 and IgGI sub-classes.
Animals↗
Restoration of contact-inhibited growth to transformed cells by dibutyryl adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate.
Spontaneously transformed and virally-transformed cells are restored to contact-inhibited growth by the addition of dibutyryl cyclic AMP to the nutrient medium. Theophylline, an inhibitor of the phosphodiesterase that degrades cyclic nucleotides, must also be present for maximal effect. Once the transformed cells reach a saturation density in the presence of the additives, release from the contact-inhibited state occurs upon removal of the dibutyryl cyclic AMP and theophylline from the medium. Agglutinability of the transformed cells by wheat-germ agglutinin (a monitor of architectural changes in the plasma membrane) is decreased by dibutyryl cyclic AMP-theophylline treatment, but increases again upon removal of the additives.
Agglutination↗
Surface galactolipids of wheat protoplasts as receptors for soybean agglutinin and their possible relevance to host-parasite interaction.
Soybean agglutinin, a lectin specific for N-acetyl-d-galactosamine and d-galactose, was previously shown to agglutinate wheat leaf protoplasts (Larkin 1978 Plant Physiol 61: 626-629). We investigated the receptors for soybean agglutinin on the plasma membrane of these protoplasts. After treatment of the protoplasts with galactose oxidase, they were no longer agglutinated by the lectin, whereas upon reduction of the galactose oxidase-treated protoplasts with sodium borohydride the susceptibility to agglutination was restored. Analysis of the glycolipids of protoplasts surface labeled by the galactose oxidase-borotritide method, revealed that the radioactivity was mainly present in monogalactosyldiglyceride and digalactosyldiglyceride. The same galactolipids were identified as the only receptors for soybean agglutinin by direct binding of the (125)I-labeled lectin to a thin layer chromatogram of the glycolipids of wheat leaf protoplasts.
Journal Article↗
Persistence of leptospiral agglutinins in Trinidadian survey subjects.
Participants in a survey for leptospiral agglutinating antibodies undertaken in Trinidad, West Indies, in 1977-78, were further monitored for up to 5-and-a-half years. 52 individuals with a titre greater than or equal to 1:400 were matched for age, sex and occupation with seronegative subjects. They were re-bled twice (on average 2.38 and 4.84 years later), and changes of titre were noted. At the first follow-up, 78% of negative controls remained negative, and 22%, showed titre changes. Among the seropositive subjects, 47% showed a fall in titre, 38% showed no change, and in 15% the titre rose. New exposure rates between the original and first follow-up samples were 96/1,000 survey population per year in the controls, and 68/1,000 for the subjects with titres greater than or equal to 1:400. Between the first and second follow-up, 47% of the seropositive subjects lost titre, 40% showed no change, and 13% showed a rise in titre. These data demonstrate that although antibody titres may be maintained for a few years at the same level, or show a loss as is usually expected, about 8.3% of individuals in Trinidad may be infected/reinfected per year. The infection/reinfection rate is an important factor in the epidemiology of leptospirosis.
Adolescent↗
Somatic O antigen relationship of Brucella and Vibrio cholerae.
The antigenic relationship between Brucella species and Vibrio cholerae was examined by agglutinin and agglutinin-absorption tests by using rabbit antisera. Brucella antisera agglutinated only the Inaba serotype of V. cholerae and at low titer. Inaba-reactive antibody was absorbed by either heat-stable (100 C, 2 hr) Ogawa or Inaba O antigens. Cholera antisera from rabbits immunized with either O or HO antigens of either Ogawa or Inaba serotypes contained brucella agglutinins. This activity was absorbed completely from Ogawa antisera by either Ogawa or Inaba O antigens but only partially from Inaba antisera by Ogawa O antigen. These findings support the claim of Gallut that the cross-reaction is due to heat-stable O antigens of V. cholerae rather than heat-labile flagellar antigens as described in many text books. The cross-reactive component is more dominant in the Inaba than in the Ogawa serotype of V. cholerae.
Agglutination↗
An analysis of lectin-initiated cell agglutination in a series of CHO subclones which respond morphologically to growth in dibutyryl cyclic AMP.
We have investigated the molecular basis of the agglutinability of CHO subclones which respond differentially in terms of morphology and surface architecture in the presence of dB-cAMP in the medium. We have demonstrated that the agglutinability of these subclones with both wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and concanavalin A (Con A) probably depends on the free lateral mobility of the lectin receptor sites in the plane of the membrane. The nonagglutinable surface architecture seems to depend on the presence in the membrane of a protease-labile peptide(s), which appears to be distinct from the lectin receptors, as well as on continuous protein and RNA synthesis. This dependence on continuous transcription and translation may be related to the maintenance of the protease-labile peptide(s) in such a state as to restrict mobility of the lectin receptors. The surface architecture defined as nonagglutinable also depends on the state of polymerization of the intracellular microtubules and microfilaments. It is suggested that these microskeletal elements serve to anchor the lectin receptors in such a manner as to restrict their mobility and thereby reduce the relative agglutinability of a cell line. We suggest that control of the free mobility of both the Con A and WGA receptor sites is dependent on two constraints, one applied by protease-labile ("surface") membrane components and the other by components of the intracellular microskeletal system.
Agglutination↗
Viral expression, oncogenicity, and antigenicity of a mouse salivary gland tumor and two cell lines derived from it.
An in vitro cell line (SGT) derived from a mouse submaxillary gland adenocarcinoma (TGS) containing A and B viral particles maintained its oncogenicity only for newborn isogeneic hosts (C3H/He mice) immunosuppressed with antithymocyte serum. Inoculation into adult isogeneic animals did not cause tumor but provided partial protection against a challenge with TGS cells. The loss of oncogenicity for nonimmunosuppressed isogeneic hosts was accompanied by the acqusition of oncogenicity for adult, nonimmunosuppressed, xenogeneic hosts (golden hamsters) given subcutaneous inoculations of SGT cells on the back. From the tumor grown in the hamster, which is histologically similar to the original tumor of the mouse, an in vitro cell line (HWS) was derived. The comparative analysis of the 2 cell lines, SGT and HWS, led to the following conclusions: (a) the karyological pattern of the 2 cell lines in virtually the same; (b) the cell surface antigenic pattern is similar for the 2 cell lines, as determined by colony inhibition test and cytotoxicty test; (c) the cells of the HWS line behave serologically as a mouse-hamster hybrid, also as determined by colony inhibition and cytotoxicity tests; (d) both cell lines have only intracytoplasmic viral particles of the A type; and (e) agglutination with the plant lectins concanavalin A and wheat germ agglutinin occurs at lower concentrations of agglutinin for HWS cells than for SGT cells.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Growth curve, capsule expression and characterization of the capsular material of selected strains of Streptococcus uberis.
The pattern of lectin agglutination, expression of capsule during the growth curve, and chemical composition of the capsule were examined in strains of Streptococcus uberis isolated from bovine mastitis. Lectin agglutination was conducted on 40 strains of S. uberis and 82.5% and 77.5% of the strains showed agglutination titers (> or = 1:128) with wheat germ agglutinin and concanavalin A, respectively. Capsule expression during the growth curve and its chemical composition was determined in one strain of S. uberis (UT 101), using a nonencapsulated strain of S. uberis (UT 102) as a negative control. Both strains were grown in Todd-Hewitt Broth (THB) with and without 20% milk whey. Strain UT 101 grown in THB or THB with 20% whey showed maximum numbers of colony forming units per ml (cfu/ml) at 12 hours, with a lag phase ending after 2 hours of growth. Maximum cfu/ml of UT 102 in THB was at 14 hours and 16 hours in THB 20% whey with a lag phase that ended at 2 hours of growth. Higher number of viable bacteria and increased capsule expression of UT 101 were detected in suspensions grown in THB 20% whey than in THB alone. Capsule expression of S. uberis UT 101 was maximal at 10 hours and decreased after 12 hours of growth. In contrast, S. uberis UT 102 showed negligible percentage (< 2%) of encapsulated bacteria during the entire growth curve. Chemical analysis of capsular material and the pattern of lectin agglutination suggest that hyaluronic acid is the major component. These results will be useful for understanding the pathogenesis of infections caused by S. uberis.
Agglutination Tests↗
Bacterial agglutination studies with secretory IgA prepared from human gastrointestinal secretions and colostrum.
The function of human purified colostral and gastrointestinal IgA has been studied by its ability to agglutinate common gastrointestinal organisms. Agglutinating activity was unaffected by trypsin or acid but it was abolished rapidly by pepsin. Both colostral and gastrointestinal IgA agglutinated a wide range of enteric organisms. Variations in this activity occurred between different individuals, and between different gastrointestinal sites in the same individual. In preliminary studies, saliva and IgA prepared from gastric and jejunal secretions in patients with pernicious anaemia showed a more uniform agglutination pattern than IgA prepared from the same sites in other patients. The agglutinin activity of IgA prepared from a particular site may be determined by the bacterial flora at that site. Agglutination methods for assessing the function of gastrointestinal antibody may be of value in the study of the possible roles of antibodies in inflammatory bowel disease.
Agglutination Tests↗
Hemagglutinins and bacterial agglutinins of earthworms.
The biological roles of invertebrate agglutinins have been and remain an unresolved subject of controversy. Classical studies on agglutinins, beginning with the pioneer work of Noguchi (1903) on Limulus polyphemus and Homarus americanus have emphasized their hemagglutinating properties, an approach that has been criticized for its lack of biological relevance. While erythrocyte agglutination has proven useful for determining various properties of invertebrate agglutinins, it does not address the question of their natural function. More recently, invertebrate agglutinins have been investigated for their ability to interact with pathogenic agents such as bacteria (for review, see Pistole, 1982), yeast (Van der Knapp et al., 1982; Renwrantz and Stahmer, 1983) and parasitic protozoans (Ingram et al., 1984). In addition, the possible relationship of agglutinins to defense mechanisms of both vertebrates and invertebrates has been indicated by the observation that limulin, the major agglutinin of Limulus polyphemus, bears a number of similarities to vertebrate C-reactive proteins (Robey and Liu, 1981). In annelids, there have been no studies on bacterial agglutinins prior to our work with Lumbricus (Stein et al., 1985; Stein et al., submitted). Earthworms are particularly appropriate for studying bacterial agglutinins since their coelomic fluid contains constant low levels of bacteria and fungal spores, and their agglutinins are both naturally occurring and inducible. Although our initial studies on Lumbricus agglutinins were directed toward their hemagglutinating properties, our recent observations using bacteria have allowed us to reach the following conclusions: 1) Lumbricus coelomic fluid normally contains agglutinins against both erythrocytes and bacteria. After injecting worms with either erythrocytes or bacteria, agglutinin titers increase in coelomic fluid. This increase appears to be due to both an increase in numbers of agglutinins as well as levels of specific agglutinins. 2) Absorption studies, temperature effects and sugar inhibition analyses suggest that agglutinins which bind to erythrocytes are identical to bacterial agglutinins, but there are additional agglutinins capable of reacting only with bacteria. 3) The inducibility and bacterial binding properties of Lumbricus agglutinins suggest that they serve an immune function by participating in the earthworm's defense against bacterial infection. In this sense, the agglutinins serve as a humoral surveillance system that entraps and prevents the multiplication of pathogenic bacteria.
Agglutinins↗
Altered expression of blood group A and H antigens on red cells from an acute leukemic patient.
Alternate expressions of the blood group A and H antigens on red cells are described in a patient with acute myelocytic leukemia. The patient's red cells showed mixed field agglutination with anti-A and anti-H sera and lectins, and no agglutination with anti-B serum. The agglutinability of the A red cells with Dolichos biflorus lectin was between A1 and A2 (A intermediate). Inagglutinable red cells were separated with anti-A agglutinin, and the proportion was about 80% of total cells. The agglutinating activity with Ulex europaeus anti-H of red cells, which were inagglutinable with anti-A, was 16 times weaker than that of group O cells. The weaker reaction with Ricinus communis lectin and the stronger reaction with Psathyrella velutina lectin on the inagglutinable cells with anti-A than those on the group O cells suggest that fucosyl alpha (1-2) and galactosyl beta (1-4) residues at the nonreducing end of carbohydrate chains of H antigens on the red cells were diminished, and N-acetylglucosaminyl beta (1-3) residues were sequentially exposed. His saliva contained A and H substances in normal amounts of a secretor. Serum alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity which converts O red cells to A red cells was the same as those in sera from A1 individuals. These results suggest that the synthesis of H precursors is partially blocked in this patient's red cells.
ABO Blood-Group System↗
Preferential utilisation of deoxycytidine by undifferentiated (peanut positive) tonsillar lymphocytes.
Peanut agglutinin (PNA), a D-galactose specific lectin, agglutinated 10-18% of lymphocytes isolated from tonsils of 3- to 6-yr-old children. PNA+ cells were found to be mainly B lymphocytes showing a 9.6 times higher specific activity of DNA polymerase alpha compared to the PNA- cells. The specific activity of deoxycytidine kinase as well as the incorporation of [5-3H]deoxycytidine were also much higher in PNA+ cell fraction than in PNA- fraction (7.7-fold and 6-fold, respectively). On the other hand, thymidine kinase activity and [5-3H]deoxythymidine incorporation were only 3.6 and 3.9 times higher, respectively. The data presented here show a high degree of DNA synthesis and preferential utilisation of [5-3H]deoxycytidine for DNA synthesis in this undifferentiated B lymphocyte fraction.
B-Lymphocytes↗
The diagnosis of unilateral testicular obstruction in subfertile males.
Thirty-two subfertile males with sperms in the ejaculate and unilateral testicular obstruction are reported: the diagnosis was established by exploration of scrotum in 26, clinically in 2, 3 had had previous partially successful epididymovasostomies, and 1 had had an epispadias repair. The past medical history gave relevant information in 27 (84%), and useful findings were made on clinical examination in a further 3 cases. Fifteen patients had sperm counts over 20 million per ml, and 15 were less than 10 million per ml. Twenty-six (81%) had serum antisperm antibodies detected by tray agglutination test (TAT), 21 (81%) of whom had evidence of head-to-head (HH) agglutinins in pure or mixed form. Comparison with 162 vasectomised males and 160 naturally infertile males with antisperm antibodies showed that 55% of the former and 24% of the latter had HH agglutinins on TAT, differences that were highly significant on statistical analysis. Evidence of obstruction was found in 14 (37%) of 38 naturally infertile males with antisperm antibodies and HH or mixed agglutination, but only in 12 (10%) of 122 with TT agglutinins: this difference was also highly significant. Clinical history, physical examination and serum antisperm antibodies, especially if HH agglutinins are present, can suggest the possibility of unilateral testicular obstruction, but confirmation of the diagnosis requires exploration of scrotum.
Agglutination Tests↗