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At least 937 records · Page 52Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Severe acute respiratory failure managed with continuous positive airway pressure and partial extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal by an artificial membrane lung. A controlled, randomized animal study.

Using an animal model of acute respiratory failure (ARF), we evaluated two treatments: conventional mechanical pulmonary ventilation (MV) and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) with extracorporeal removal of CO2 by an artificial membrane lung. We developed a model of "mild" ARF and a model of "severe" ARF after ventilating healthy sheep at a peak inspiratory pressure of 50 cm H2O for various lengths of time. Sheep from either injury models were randomly assigned to one of the above treatment groups. All 16 sheep from the model with "severe" ARF died, with progressive deterioration in pulmonary function and multiorgan failure irrespective of the treatment. Of 11 sheep from the model with "mild" ARF treated by MV, only three survived, whereas all 11 sheep from the model with "mild" ARF treated with CPAP and extracorporeal removal of CO2 responded well, and nine sheep ultimately recovered. We conclude that CPAP with extracorporeal removal of CO2 provided a better environment for the recovery in our model with "mild" ARF than the conventional arrangement centered on MV alone. Our studies also suggest that lung injury can progress (i.e., model with "severe" ARF) to where neither of the two treatments can succeed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1998

European research and commercialisation activities in the field of tissue engineering and liver support in world wide competition.

Tissue engineering is seen as an interesting field of technology which could improve medical therapy and could also be considered as a commercial opportunity for the European biotechnological industry. Research in the state of the art of science using the MedLine and the Science Citation Index databases, in the patent situation and of the industry dealing with tissue engineering was done. A special method, based on the Science Citation Index Journal Citation Report 1993, for evaluating scientific work was defined. The main countries working in the field of tissue engineering were evaluated in regard to their scientific performance and their patents. The R&D of German industry was investigated as an exemplary European country. Out of all activities, different tissues were rated with respect to the attention received from research and industry and with regard to the frequency in which patents were applied for. USA, Germany and Japan rank first in most tissues, especially liver. After comparing German patents with the German scientific and industrial work, it seems that the potential in German patents and research is underestimated by German industry and inefficiently exploited.

Artificial Organs↗
PubMed1979

The development of an implantable electrochemical glucose sensor: response to glucose in bovine serum ultrafiltrate.

A glucose sensor based on organic oxidation reactions at a platinum electrode is being developed as the key component for an implantable artificial beta cell for diabetic patients. Sensitivity of a membrane-covered platinum electrode to changing glucose concentration in bovine serum ultrafiltrate has been demonstrated, with current response as high as 60 microamperes per 100 mg/dl change in glucose concentration. Reproducibility of measurements probably will depend on satisfactory mechanical assembly of the membrane-electrode combination. An approach to selectivity based on multiple current measurements is suggested.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Artificial myocardium with an artificial baroreflex system using nano technology.

Where is the place which should be helped in a patient with congestive heart failure? The answer may be contraction of the heart. At Tohoku University, development research of "the artificial myocardium" has been conducted, using a ball screw type electromagnetic motor. Furthermore, super-miniaturization is being attempted at present. Thus, a system with shape memory alloy is being developed. The cooling speed problem was solved by the application of the Peltier element. A drive at a speed equal to that of a heartbeat was realized by the application of this system. At present, a ventricular assist device is used for patients waiting for a heart transplant in Japan. An air driven type system disturbs a patient's QOL remarkably because it is connected to the drive device. With our concept, energy is provided by using the electromagnetic force from outside of the body by the use of transcutaneous energy transmission system. Magnetic shielding by amorphous fibers was used at Tohoku University to improve the total efficiency. A natural heart can alter the cardiac output corresponding to the demand. Artificial internal organs must participate in the system of the living body, too. Tohoku University has developed a resistance based artificial heart control algorithm, which simulated a baroreflex system to cope with every demand. Nano level sensing equipment is now under development at Tohoku University. At present, development is being conducted aiming at an "intelligent artificial myocardium".

Baroreflex↗
PubMed1978

Current status of skin substitutes.

In the current state of the art, viable human allograft is the best skin prosthesis available, but it leaves much to be desired. Characteristics of skin substitutes can be defined and measured, resulting in the rational approach to design and testing of synthetic skin substitutes. Thin silicone polymer and modified plastic membranes, collagen films, and adherent methacrylate polymer applied by a spray technique (Hydron) are the most promising materials at present.

Adhesiveness↗
PubMed2003

Anaerobic treatment of wastewater with high organic content using a stirred tank reactor coupled with a membrane filtration unit.

Using a cross-flow membrane bioreactor, high anaerobic conversion rates of three different types of wastewater with varying organic content were achieved. Loading rates obtained were as follows: 20 g CODL(-1) x d(-1) for artificial wastewater, approximately 8 g CODL(-1) x d(-1) from vegetable processing industry (sauerkraut brine) and 6-8 g CODL(-1) x d(-1) for wastewater from an animal slaughterhouse. At stable conditions, COD-removal rates in all three wastewaters were higher than 90%. Methane yields from the treatment of artificial wastewater, sauerkraut brine, and animal slaughterhouse wastewater were in the range of 0.17-0.30, 0.20-0.34, and 0.12-0.32 L(n) x g(-1) COD(-1) fed, respectively. The complete retention of biomass and suspended solids is a unique feature of this treatment process, which combines a high loading capacity and at the same time, high COD removal rates even for complex wastewater containing high concentrations of particulate matter.

Abattoirs↗