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PubMed1976

Sweden's no-fault patient-injury insurance.

Sweden has introduced a nationwide nofault patient-injury compensation plan. The plan was not introduced because malpractice insurance costs were high, but because so few injured patients received compensation through the tort liability system. With certain exceptions, compensation is provided for loss that occurs as a result of injury related to hospitalization or medical care. The insurance plan has completed 12 months of operation. It total cost is less than 50 cents per citizen, and it is financed from general tax revenue. Sweden's experience can be projected to a population the size of the United States, and the results compared to United States malpractice liability figures. Such a comparison indicates a total number of awards greater than that of the United States, but a lower average amount per award.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed2003

Cost of work-related injuries in insured workplaces in Lebanon.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the medical and compensation costs of work-related injuries in insured workplaces in Lebanon and to examine cost distributions by worker and injury characteristics. METHODS: A total of 3748 claims for work injuries processed in 1998 by five major insurance companies in Lebanon were reviewed. Medical costs (related to emergency room fees, physician consultations, tests, and medications) and wage and indemnity compensation costs were identified from the claims. FINDINGS: The median cost per injury was US dollars 83 (mean, US dollars 198; range, US dollars 0-16,401). The overall cost for all 3748 injuries was US dollars 742,100 (76% of this was medical costs). Extrapolated to all injuries within insured workplaces, the overall cost was US dollars 4.5 million a year; this increased to US dollars 10 million-13 million when human value cost (pain and suffering) was accounted for. Fatal injuries (three, 0.1%) and those that caused permanent disabilities (nine, 0.2%) accounted for 10.4% of the overall costs and hospitalized injuries (245, 6.5%) for 45%. Cost per injury was highest among older workers and for injuries that involved falls and vehicle incidents. Medical, but not compensation, costs were higher among female workers. CONCLUSION: The computed costs of work injuries--a fraction of the real burden of occupational injuries in Lebanon--represent a considerable economic loss. This calls for a national policy to prevent work injuries, with a focus on preventing the most serious injuries. Options for intervention and research are discussed.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Employer health insurance and local labor market conditions.

Theory suggests that an employer's decisions about the amount of health insurance included in the compensation package may be influenced by the practices of other employers in the market. We test the role of local market conditions on decisions of small employers to offer insurance and their dollar contribution to premiums using data from two large national surveys of employers. These employers are more likely to offer insurance and to make greater contributions in communities with tighter labor markets, less concentrated labor purchasers, greater union penetration, and a greater share of workers in big business and a small share in regulated industries. However, our data do not support the notion that marginal tax rates affect employers' offer decision or contributions.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Medical liability. Comparative compensation for personal injury in Europe].

European institutions apply a number of common principles to medical liability and compensation. The Scandinavian patient insurance system, based on listed criteria, is independent from the notion of "fault", unlike in the rest of Europe. However, since March 2002, French law has also allowed for compensation of major medical accidents, regardless of the notion of fault. On the eve of harmonization, two statutory bases must be created. The first is a common European list of recoverable medical damages. Yvonne Lambert-Faivre's recent work offers a convenient guide in this respect. The second--pecuniary quantum of damages--should be founded on Courts of Appeal rulings on personal medical injury. Common trends can be identified in nearly all European countries. Despite the subsidiarity principle, a common road towards harmonizing medical accident compensation systems can be found.

Compensation and Redress↗