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At least 937 records · Page 52Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Behavioral assessment of peer interaction and social functioning in institutional and structured settings.

Observed 18 children in a short-term psychiatric facility over a 5-month period using a peer interaction coding system. The direct behavioral observation method was adapted and revised from existing scales to increase reliability and efficiency for use by institutional staff. Response codes included Adaptive Peer Interaction, Maladaptive Peer Interaction, Solitary Independent Play, and Response to Staff. Reliability was assessed on 35% of the total coded intervals, which yielded an overall reliability coefficient of 94.3%. In addition, reliability coefficients were calculated for each individual component behavior, an extremely important but often ignored statistic, and all yielded reliabilities greater than 90%. Normative rates for children on the psychiatric unit also are presented, and discussion is provided concerning the application of this coding system in clinics, schools, and institutional settings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Assessing employee potentials for abuse.

Attempted to develop a battery of questionnaires and demographic data capable of early identification of institutional caretakers with potential for abuse of a client. After an extensive literature review on institutional client abuse, it was determined that the Child Abuse Potential Inventory, Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire and a General Information Form would account for a significant amount of variance to discriminate an abusive employee from a matched non-abusive employee. The questionnaires were administered to 21 abusing and 21 matched non-abusing employees. A univariate analysis, multiple regression, and a discriminate function analysis revealed that 73% of the between-group variance was accounted for by 8 of the suggested variables. The sensitivity of these tests, the ability to identify correctly 21 known abusers, was 86%. The specificity, the ability to identify correctly 21 matched non-abusers, was 100%. The proportion of grouped cases correctly classified was 93%.

California↗
PubMed1981

Child abandonment: historical, sociological and psychological perspectives.

Even thought the act of physical abandonment is a relatively common occurrence, it remains an understudied social phenomena. It has been an act of parents since earliest times, but even in our modern enlightened society, children are still ejected from their homes and physically abandoned in frightening numbers. Even though attention has been directed toward the understanding and combating of the numerous variations of child abuse and neglect, the problem of physical abandonment is rarely discussed until sensationalistic news reports emerge to remind us that children are still left in parks or on street corners. To further understand this phenomena of child abandonment, this paper reviews the literature and examines the process from historical, sociological and psychological perspectives. This report looks to stimulate further interest in physical child abandonment and its precursor, psychological child rejection, as forms of child abuse and neglect which can and should be combated by proper psychiatric intervention.

Child↗
PubMed1976

Differential effects of task and reinforcement variables on the performance of three groups of behavior problem children.

In a test of Quay's model of differential response tendencies in three basic dimensions of discordant behavior, 36 delinquent boys divided into three behavior groups - Conduct Disorder, Personality Disorder, Inadequate-Immature-were compared on a verbal paired-associate task under four conditions of task structure: neutral and emotional content, simplicity and complexity; and two reward conditions: material and verbal. Predictions were that the Conduct Disorder and Inadequate-Immature group would perform optimally under conditions of simple emotional task structure and material reward as opposed to the Personality Disorder group, who would demonstrate optimal performance under verbal reinforcement and reflect an interaction effect for task complexity and emotionality. Results confirmed the basic hypothesis of differential responsiveness as a function of subject variables. Directions of the differences indicated that task variables also produced critical effects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Training autistic children to urinate in the toilet through operant conditioning techniques.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of operant conditioning techniques to toilet train children in an autism ward of a hospital for developmentally disturbed children. Five profoundly retarded males with clear clinical manifestations of autism were selected as subjects. Records of the urination behavior of these subjects were kept during a baseline period and throughout the application of procedures. Appropriate urination behavior was immediately followed by positive reinforcers, such as candy, verbal praise, and physical affection. Inappropriate urination behavior was immediately followed by negative reinforces, verbal as well as physical. The results of this study show that operant conditioning techniques can be used to change the urination behavior of profoundly retarded autistic children even where other methods have failed. Factors requiring further investigation for their possible impact on the effectiveness of these procedures in toilet training autistic children are also discussed.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed1978

Psychotic behavior in children under the institutions for mentally retarded in Denmark.

The purpose of this research project was to identify children with psychotic behavior in the Institutions for the Mentally Retarded in Denmark and to analyze psychotic behavior. The subjects for study were 392 children, partly selected as a representative sample, partly selected as a sample of children with psychotic behavior. A combined observation and interview scheme was constructed containing 17 behavioral items and 6 developmental scales. Scoring systems for psychotic behavior were constructed and their consistency analyzed by the Rasch item-analysis model. Two major behavioral dimensions, "bizarre behavior" and "psychotic withdrawal," were used for the diagnostic grouping of the subjects. The distributions of the children in regard to developmental retardation, organic brain damage, and psychiatric diagnoses were investigated. Conclusions regarding guidelines for reorganization of present services and establishment of new services are proposed.

Child↗