PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Competency framework”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 937 records · Page 52Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Species comparative studies and cognitive development.

The comparative study of infant development and animal cognition brings to cognitive science the promise of insights into the nature and origins of cognitive skills. In this article, I review a recent wave of comparative studies conducted with similar methodologies and similar theoretical frameworks on how two core components of human cognition--object permanence and gaze following--develop in different species. These comparative findings call for an integration of current competing accounts of developmental change. They further suggest that evolution has produced developmental devices capable at the same time of preserving core adaptive components, and opening themselves up to further adaptive change, not only in interaction with the external environment, but also in interaction with other co-developing cognitive systems.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Improving in vivo folding and stability of a single-chain Fv antibody fragment by loop grafting.

The complementary determining regions (CDRs) from the fluorescein-binding antibody 4-4-20, which yields almost no soluble protein in periplasmic expression in Escherichia coli, were transplanted to the framework of the humanized antibody 4D5. The resulting single-chain Fv fragment (scFv) 4D5Flu showed both a dramatic improvement in soluble expression, even at 37 degrees C, and an improved thermodynamic stability. Antigen affinity was maintained upon this engineering by paying attention to crucial framework-CDR contacts. This demonstrates that the use of superior frameworks is a robust strategy to improve the physical properties of scFv fragments. We also report that the grafted version was selected in phage display over several competing variants of the same antibody with identical binding constant but poorer folding or stability properties. The selection required four panning rounds and a temperature of 37 degrees C and we show that the underlying reason for this selection is a higher fraction of phages carrying functional scFv molecules.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The progression of holism into postgraduate curricula in critical care nursing: a discussion paper.

Critical care education is an important part of the professional development of a competent critical care nurse. Interdependence between physiological and psychosocial theories and concepts is a key consideration in the development of critical care educational programs. This multidisciplinary educational framework fosters a deeper understanding of factors contributing to ill health. Establishing a strategic framework where research, education, clinical excellence, and quality assurance are interlinked is central to enhancing the efficacy of patient care outcomes.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Using clinical simulation to teach patient safety in an acute/critical care nursing course.

High-fidelity simulation using lifelike mannequins has been used to teach medical and aviation students, but little is known about using this method to educate nurses. The process and methods authors used to develop, implement, and evaluate high-fidelity simulation experiences in an acute/critical care elective for senior nursing students are described. Authors share their insight, experiences, and lessons learned, along with practical information and a framework, in developing simulations and debriefing.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1975

On the development and classification of diagnoses.

Nurses, as noted earlier, always have and are now using the five steps of the diagnosis process. This utilization is a valuable and essential element of a profession. On the other hand, conceptual analysis of the process suggests that all ten steps are necessary conditions for a natural history of nursing. Such a natural history would constitute a taxonomy of nursing diagnoses and would identify and codify essential concerns and associated nomenclatures which have been agreed upon by members of the profession. In turn, such an agreement would lead to a common universe of discourse for the clinicians, the students, the teachers, the administrators, and the researchers in nursing. A workable taxonomy would provide potential points of reference, purpose, and direction and would facilitate communication and collaboration in nursing practice, nursing education, and nursing research. Such a taxonomy would constitute a systematic ordering of the unique body of knowledge of nursing and would provide a foundation of level-one theory. On this basis could be built higher-level theories that are grounded in observable phenomena. This development, in turn, would create a bridge across the knowledge-practice gap and would allow more effective application of scientific knowledge to specific clinical patient-care and nursing problems. A workable taxonomy of nursing diagnoses would articulate areas of unique concern to nurses and nursing and would allow more unequivocal communication of the focus, limits, and nature of the realm of nursing to other professions, third-party payers, governmental agencies, and the public. Without the development of such a framework, nursing research will continue to flounder, nursing education will continue to lack articulation of ordered body of knowledge of nursing concerns and related cognitive and other competencies, and nursing practice will continue to drift toward the use of medical terminology and to focus on dependent and technical nursing functions and the extension of the role of the nurse in the domain of medicine. In short, the lack of a sound taxonomy of nursing diagnoses endangers the realm of independent functions of nursing--its care, comfort, and compassion for the person who suffers from illness, and its focus on increased patient self-help ability, self-determination, and health promotion.

Classification↗
PubMed1988

The neuropsychiatry of post-traumatic stress disorder.

The publication of DSM-III introduced the diagnosis Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), thus providing, for the first time, a framework for studying the consequences of extremely stressful events. Previously, traumatic neuroses had attracted a wide variety of labels - as wide as the experiences that produced them. Competing explanations in psychological and biological terms have characterised the approach to these disorders, and social and legal issues have added to the confusion. In recent years, psychosocial issues have tended to dominate the literature in relation to PTSD. While acknowledging the importance of such phenomenological and psychosocial approaches, this paper seeks to redress the balance by focusing on a biological perspective.

Dominance, Cerebral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The training of nurse surgical assistants.

This article discusses the development and training of nurse surgical assistants within the Royal Berkshire and Battle Hospitals NHS Trust. The training used the National Vocational Qualification (NVQ) framework to facilitate application for accreditation of prior knowledge in any future NVQ award.

Certification↗
PubMed1995

The seven S's for successful management.

Becoming a successful manager in a health care agency is, for most new managers, an awesome goal. Successful management is more than knowledge of leadership roles and management functions that can be learned in school or educational workshops. Successful management involves effective use of both the manager's affective and cognitive domains. Mentoring and apprenticeship with a successful nurse leader is for many novice managers a highly valuable way to learn management skills since this allows for techniques with a successful nurse manager to be visualized and then modeled. "Seven S's" that provide a framework for managerial success are discussed.

Goals↗
PubMed1997

Transeuropean network for the provision of added-VAlue Services in Telemedicine--(VAST-Net).

Populations most likely to use telemedicine are usually located far away from ISDN networks in contrast to providers of telemedical services who normally dwell in urban centers. VAST-Net is a consortium that aspires to reach such populations by introducing added-value ISDN-based telemedical services across Europe, through networking a small number of selected, strategically distributed, points-of-care and by focusing on a series of well defined health care provision scenaria. This will be achieved by relying on: (1) the Euro-ISDN infrastructure, (2) satellite based ISDN medical networks (e.g. the INMARSAT/VSAT based MERMAID network), (3) private ISDN networks. The VAST-Net telemedical network will be initially operated on a small but transnational scale in order to assess: (1) the acceptance of telemedical services by end users, (2) the economic viability of the telemedical sector, especially in an international context (3) the legal implications of telemedical practice (4) the regulatory framework within which telemedicine will be developed in the E.U. Based on this assessment the VAST-Net Consortium will proceed to develop appropriate business plans that will allow PTTs and other Telecom operators, medical groups, insurance companies and public health authorities to offer transnationally ISDN-based telemedical services. Potential forms of cooperation may include: (1) "Framework agreements" between PTTs, telemedical service providers (e.g. doctors, hospitals etc.) and "bulk users" (insurance companies, public health authorities), (2) PTT provision of "telecommunications backbones" over which competing telemedical networks can be organised, (3) organisation of a European Economic Interest Group (EEIG), modeled upon international companies such as INMARSAT, that will undertake the operation of VAST-Net.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1992

Characteristics of the expert oncology nurse.

Oncology nursing is a specialty that continuously incorporates new technologic advances into everyday practice. These advances, coupled with an increasing acuity level of the patient with cancer, generate a demand for excellence. The successful development of the expert oncology nurse will be imperative in meeting these challenges. This paper provides a practical framework for examining expertise and describes characteristics of the expert oncology nurse.

Career Mobility↗
PubMed1988

[Specialty specific psychotherapy in internal medicine].

The establishment of a bio-psycho-social (monistic) approach to all problems of human health and disease is regarded as an essential prerequisite for the improvement of medical care. As a rule the special and functional pathology is on account of the psychotherapeutic approach enlarged by the "relation pathology" and adequate therapeutic techniques at this level. The associated with this increasing requirements on the social competence of the physician involve measures at the level of the medical education, to which psychotherapy and medical psychology have to contribute. This takes place in the framework of the particular integrative function of these specialties to render the psychosocial dimension methodically manageable for medicine. The state programmes for the method-related qualification in psychotherapy are a good basis for the integration of the psychosocial dimension into the practice of internal medicine. However, they need supplementation by measures in the pregraduate education.

Curriculum↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A training programme for healthcare support workers.

Healthcare support workers (HCSWs) are at the front line of patient care delivery. It is essential that they are appropriately trained and competent in the skills required to deliver the fundamentals of care. There is also a need for HCSWs to have access to continuing professional development that offers a career pathway. The University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust has developed a framework for career progression that incorporates three phases of continuing professional development. These are organised and co-ordinated by a dedicated support worker training team comprising four registered nurses plus senior support workers in the role of peripatetic NVQ Care assessors.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1996

An analysis of the concept of humour and its application to one aspect of children's nursing.

This paper explores the concept of humour by exposing it to the analytical framework of Walker and Avant. The paper then seeks to examine the benefit humour has in child and parent health education. Whilst the author argues that the framework utilized to analyse the concept is positivistic in nature, emphasis is given to the value of humour and the various meanings ascribed to it in the real world. Humour was used consciously by seven registered children's nurses and one student nurse completing her final placement of the branch in children's nursing. The aim being to reduce parental anxiety and enhance feelings of confidence and competence within the parental groups. The findings of this small study indicated that whilst humour is delicate and may be inappropriate in certain settings it appears to have a positive correlation with information giving and reduced anxiety levels amongst parents of hospitalized children when used appropriately. The analytical components of the concept were examined carefully and it appeared that the tool used to analyse the concept was successful in that the theoretical framework was directly related to practice, however, the framework also highlighted the delicate nature of the concept and the dangers of inappropriate use. The paper argues, however, that humour does play a part in the delivery of skilled, sensitive and competent care and the need for nurse education to address this is paramount.

Child↗
PubMed1994

Staff nurse preceptors: a program they "own".

Application of a change theory model to develop a competency-based orientation (CBO) program managed by staff nurse preceptors resulted in preceptor satisfaction, improved patient outcomes, and a more effective, efficient orientation program. After assessing the group using Hersey and Blanchard's framework, the CNS selected change strategies to implement the CBO, including: (1) helping staff nurses to redefine problems with current orientation procedures; (2) anticipating and overcoming their objections to CBO; (3) bolstering their confidence in a trusting, accepting environment; (4) motivating them as preceptors; and (5) providing direction, models, and explanations. These strategies helped preceptors accept and feel an "ownership" of the new program, resulting in many outcomes in the system. Veteran staff nurses gradually assumed ownership for individual orientees and managing orientation activities in the CBO. Rather than precepting individual orientees, the CNS assumed responsibility for establishing CBO and helping preceptors maximize their potential.

Competency-Based Education↗
PubMed2000

Social and emotional learning: a framework for promoting mental health and reducing risk behavior in children and youth.

Many programs have been developed to help schools enhance students' health and reduce the prevalence of drug use, violence, and high-risk sexual behaviors. How should educators choose among these? This article describes selection criteria based on theory, research, and best educational practice that identify key social and emotional learning (SEL) competencies and program features. The SEL competencies for students include 17 skills and attitudes organized into four groups: awareness of self and others; positive attitudes and values; responsible decision making; and social interaction skills. The 11 program features critical to the success of school-based SEL programs emphasize curriculum design, coordination with larger systems, educator preparation and support, and program evaluation. Developed by the Collaborative to Advance Social and Emotional Learning (CASEL), the SEL framework can be used to guide selection of research-based prevention programs that address health, substance abuse, violence prevention, sexuality, character, and social skills.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Molecular origins of the remarkable chiral sensitivity of second-order nonlinear optics.

Recent observations of remarkably large chiroptical effects in second-harmonic generation (SHG) and sum-frequency generation (SFG) measurements suggest exciting possibilities for the development of new chiral-specific spectroscopies and novel chiral materials for nonlinear optics. Several fundamental studies designed to elucidate the molecular and macromolecular origins of the chiral responses are reviewed to provide a framework for development of this emerging field. In general, the chiral activity in SHG and SFG has the potential to arise from complex interactions between hosts of different competing effects. Fortunately, relatively simple electric dipole-allowed mechanisms routinely dominate the nonlinear optical chiral activities of most practical systemsexpressions can often be generated to link the. This substantial reduction in complexity allows for the development of simple models connecting the macroscopic nonlinear optical response to intuitive molecular and supramolecular properties.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1997

The acute effects of corticosteroids on cognition: integration of animal and human model studies.

Cognitive deficits following acute administration of corticosteroids have been described in experimental animals and humans. In both populations, an inverted-U shape relationship has been reported between the dose of corticosteroids administered and the nature and extent of the cognitive deficits induced by corticosteroids. Further studies in animals have revealed a two-level recognition system for adrenal steroids, which was later more clearly resolved into two receptor types: Type I and Type II adrenal steroid receptors. The demonstration of an inverted-U shape relationship between corticosteroids and cognitive process leads to the question as to whether this relationship is generated via the two receptor types, exerting effects either via competing or opposing processes or via a more synergistic interaction. In this article, we review the effects of corticosteroids on animal and human cognition and propose a theoretical framework that leads to testable predictions regarding the acute effects of corticosteroids on cognitive function. We also discuss some methodological and experimental factors that might explain some discrepancies in data obtained from animals and humans. Furthermore, we suggest new experimental protocols for use in humans, based on animal literature, that could help resolve these discrepancies and assess more clearly the nature of the cognitive deficits induced by acute administration of corticosteroids.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗