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The principles of the finite element method (FEM) that is useful in analysis of the tensions state in hard tissues of a healthy and a filled tooth have been presented in the paper. Both algorithms and assumptions of FEM have been given that enables the investigators concerned to utilize the method individually.
The method of characterization of the elastic features of tooth tissues and certain materials for filling of tooth defects is described. The method is useful in the calculation of tensions. Principles of discretization of the surfaces of cross-sections of teeth are discussed, and quantitative examples are included explaining the mode of finding of extreme values of tensions.
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Indications for aesthetic anterior restorations include caries, trauma, congenital enamel defects, unaesthetic contour and shape of teeth, tooth discolouration and minor tooth malalignment. Conventional Class III, IV or V cavities can be restored with third and fourth generation composite resins, while glass ionomer cement can be used to restore Class III or V cavities. Laboratory fabricated resin or porcelain veneers enable major shape or colour adjustments of the labial surfaces of anterior teeth. They may be used to treat unaesthetic defects on the tooth surface, moderate to severe tooth discolouration and minor tooth malalignments. The clinical techniques of these restorative treatment modalities have been presented.
The effect of new, automatic tooth cleaning instruments on tooth surface and surfaces and margins of amalgam and composite fillings were studied by profilometric measurements and SEM and compared with each other. On the surfaces of teeth and fillings, in particular at the margins, ultrasound treatment resulted in the significantly highest maximum roughness values. These values were lower when turbin-operated scalers were used. Results demonstrate that during tooth cleaning direct contact between ultrasound and turbine-operated scalers and tooth and filling surfaces should be prevented.
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Autopolymerizing acrylic resins for temporary prothesis and crown veneering have been mixed with dental enamel and/or quartz in powder form in different percentages, to simulate optical properties of the tooth. The analysis of our measurements of apparent reflectance of those mixings show that is possible to approximate several of those values to the ones corresponding to natural tooth; being sufficient to follow the formulation given++ in this paper.
The Denar System is far more than just a pantograph and a fully adjustable articulator. These are just a small portion of the system. Today and system includes instruments for occlusal treatment, educational programs, protocol for dentist-laboratory relations, and laboratory support. Prior to the Denar System, effective occlusal treatment was available only to a select few and it was rendered with the expenditure of considerable time and expense by those few dentists who, after many years of concentrated effort, developed the required skills and eventually overcome the obstacles to providing this service. Today, the Denar System provides the profession not only with the tools but also with the means to acquire, in a few short months, basic occlusal treatment and management skills that took predecessors many years of concentrated effort to develop. Because of the continuing efforts of many of our colleagues in dental education there is currently an increasing level of awareness of the role of occlusion in modern dental practice. These significant educational activities can now be supported by commercial organizations, such as the Denar Corporation, who possess the resources needed to develop whatever instruments or services are required to enable more dentists to implement principles of occlusion in their treatments on a routine basis and to enable them to do so within the economic framework of a modern dental practice.
The water absorption of Evicrol, its hardness, flexural strength and abrasion resistance were measured and compared with the values found for Adaptic and those for Kallocryl A as a non-filled polymethyl methacrylate plastic. The flexural strength and the abrasion resistance of Evicrol amount to those of Adaptic. The hardness of Evicrol falls also short of that of Adaptic. On the contrary, Evicrol behaves quite differently under water. It was found that the amound of water absorbed by Evicrol is some 3-fold greater than that absorbed by Adaptic, and that saturation is reached considerably slower.
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A method for the in-vivo measurement of wear resistance of restorative materials is described. A profilometer is used to record the reduction in vertical dimension of the test material's occlusal surface. This loss of substance is calculated as the wear resistance index. The technique was used in a 13 month clinical evaluation of 3 different restorative materials, Adaptic, Amalgam (Dispersalloy) and Estic microfill. The procedure is simple in execution and very accurate. Statistical analysis has shown significant differences in wear resistance of the examined materials independent of patient variation. Attrition and abrasion were definitely greater with a standard composite material (Adaptic) than with amalgam and a test composite (Estic microfill). The newly developed composite material utilizing extremely fine filler particles of pyrogenic SiO2 (Estic microfill) was shown to be comparable to amalgam in wear resistance during the 13-month test period.
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Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.