Real meaning of health education.
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Communication↗
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[Health education work of an industrial enterprise health center].
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Health Education↗
Preschool health education program (PHEP): analysis of educational and behavioral outcome.
A health education curriculum structured around age-appropriate types of behavior that enable children to assume more responsibility for their own health was developed, taught, and evaluated in an early childhood learning center. The curriculum was then field-tested and evaluated in several additional preschools utilizing a design which included comparable nonintervention preschools. The findings indicate that the curriculum contributed to learning and suggest that it has some potential in influencing health related behavior. It is not possible to determine from the findings the precise contribution of the curriculum to the observed changes in children's learning outcomes and health behavior. It is likely that the curriculum and the children's general maturation and development all contributed to the changes observed. The studies demonstrated that the curriculum was effectively structured to be appropriate for the targeted age group, acceptable for use by preschool staff and easily implemented into a variety of preschool settings.
Age Factors↗
Effects of a health education programme with telephone follow-up during cardiac rehabilitation.
A health education and counselling programme was offered to myocardial infarction patients during and after hospitalization. A randomized pre-test-post-test control group design was used to evaluate the effects of the experimental intervention. During hospitalization the intervention consisted of two individual counselling sessions and two group health education sessions focusing on medication, healthy habits, anxiety and depression. On completion of these sessions, weekly telephone calls were made to patients for a period of six weeks after discharge from hospital. The intervention was offered to 30 myocardial infarction patients and their partners (the experimental group) in addition to standard medical care. Thirty control patients received standard medical care only. Two months after myocardial infarction, patients in the experimental condition reported a significantly greater increase in physical activity, and a significantly greater decrease in unhealthy eating habits. No effects were found regarding smoking cessation, anxiety and depression. Twelve months after discharge from hospital patients in the experimental condition reported a significantly greater decrease in unhealthy eating habits. No effects were found regarding smoking cessation, physical activity, anxiety and depression. In addition, two months after myocardial infarction, it was found that patients whose partners participated in the health education sessions showed a significantly greater decrease in smoking and unhealthy eating habits and a significantly greater increase in physical activity than patients with no partner participating. Twelve months after discharge the only significant result favouring the patients whose partner participated in the health education sessions concerned smoking cessation.
Adult↗
[Introduction of health education in Vaud schools].
The traditional activities of screening are the prerogative of the school health professionals. Nonetheless health education should be approached in an interdisciplinary fashion and involve the form teachers as well as the specialized area teachers. This article describes a program of health education which is about to be organized in the canton of Vaud. This programs plans for the introduction of health education in the general curriculum and not limit it to a specific period or course. The themes are graded to the age of the pupils. Documents are being worked out by an ad hoc committee and will be available to teachers who desire them. The article also reviews the present activities in health education both at primary and secondary levels and reports on a number of experiences to make teachers aware of health problems. The article concludes on the advantages and difficulties that are linked, on the one hand, to the introduction of education for health in the basic curriculum and, on the other hand, to the use of teachers as promoters of health awareness.
Adolescent↗
The nurse as health educator: the prevention and early detection of cancer.
To assess their potential as health educators 785 female hospital nurses (trained nurses, learners, auxiliaries and nursery nurses) were asked, by means of a postal questionnaire, to give their opinion of three measures of cancer control--the cervical smear test, breast self-examination (BSE) and not smoking. Eighty-four % thought the cervical smear test of definite value, 68% had this opinion of BSE, but only 59% thought that it was of definite value not to smoke. Most nurses saw all three measures as having some degree of benefit as few rejected any measure as being of no value. Factors related to whether they regarded a particular measure as being of definite, rather than a lesser degree of value, included (but not necessarily always for all measures) grade, training, age, professional experience of cancer nursing, acceptance of the curability of cancer, knowledge of survival rates, likelihood of reading an article about cancer, and smoking behaviour. It is suggested that nurses' relative assessment of the measures is not based on the intrinsic value of the measures themselves, but on the nurses' personal health behaviour and on the perceived difficulty in undertaking a measure. Furthermore, additional barriers to nurses' likelihood of recommending such measures to others include: lack of understanding of, and skills in health education and an inadequate knowledge base. Thus, simply exhorting nurses to engage in health education is unlikely to succeed. The barriers described have to be taken into account and in particular nurses need to be taught health education skills.
England↗
Community health educators band together in Massachusetts.
Begun last year with only six participants, the Massachusetts Consumer Health Educators Association, now 100 members strong, is in the business of sharing experiences to help alleviate its members' feelings of being alone. Meetings are held once a month, and authorities in the health education field are invited to speak. The Consumer Health Educators' first major project is the compilation of an index of hospital-based health education programs in the state.
Allied Health Personnel↗
Effectiveness of an oral health education and caries prevention program in kindergartens in China.
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of a 2-year oral health education and caries prevention program implemented in kindergartens in China. METHODS: Seven hundred and thirty-one 3-year-old children were recruited from 10 kindergartens in Miyun County, Beijing, China. The kindergartens were randomly divided into two groups. Oral health education was provided to teachers in the test kindergartens every 3 months. Oral health education sessions were conducted for the test children monthly and for their parents semiannually. Children in the test kindergarten brushed their teeth twice daily with fluoridated toothpaste (1100 ppm F-) in their kindergarten under the supervision of teachers during weekdays. No oral health education session and no supervised tooth brushing activities were carried out in the control kindergartens. A clinical examination of the study children and a questionnaire survey of their parents were conducted at baseline and after a 2-year program. RESULTS: Five hundred and fourteen children remained in the study after 2 years. The mean caries increments of the test group (n = 258) and the control group (n = 256) were 2.47 and 3.56 dmfs, respectively. The reduction in dmfs increment was 30.6% (P = 0.009). At the evaluation, a significantly higher percentage of children in the test group than in the control group reported brushing their teeth twice a day (87.6% vs. 69.0%; P < 0.001). Parents of children in the test group had better oral health knowledge and attitude than the parents of children in the control group. CONCLUSION: This oral health education program was effective in establishing good oral health habits among preschool children and in increasing oral health knowledge of their parents, in conjunction with supervised daily tooth brushing with fluoridated toothpaste, which could reduce the development of new dental caries in preschool children in China.
Attitude to Health↗
Single-subject evaluation in health education.
The utilization of single-subject methodology represents a means to improve evaluation efforts in health education. This article provides a rationale for the application of the methodology in health education evaluation. Two variations of the single-subject evaluation methodology (ABAB and multiple baseline) are described. Appropriate methods of data analysis are recommended. Applications of single-subject designs in health education settings are presented. Dilemmas in health education evaluation are identified and reviewed in light of the potential contributions of single-subject methodology.
Health Education↗
Cambio en las escuelas: Mexican-American parent attitudes toward school health education.
The purpose of this study was to determine the attitudes of Mexican-American (MA) parents of children toward school health education programs in South Texas. The Parent Attitude Scale (PAS) was developed and validated by American Cancer Society (ACS) staff and volunteer health educators. The validated survey was used to question randomly selected parents in the McAllen, Texas, school district regarding their attitudes toward school health education. Of 253 parents contacted, 235 (92.9%) parents were interviewed. Mann-Whitney U-Tests indicated that Mexican-American (MA) parents consider school health education to be more important than non-Mexican-American parents do. MA parents, overall, felt that it was more important that their child has good health habits and more important that their child's teacher provide support to them by teaching good health habits than non-MA parents. MA parents also felt that health was more important relative to other subjects at school than non-MA parents. The data indicate strong support for school health education efforts among MA parents in southern Texas. Such support may grow stronger with appropriate parent-recruitment efforts, including those by the ACS. Mexican-American parents may also represent an untapped resource for social and political support for school health programming.
Adolescent↗
Health policy reform and comprehensive school health education: the need for an effective partnership.
This article offers a framework for considering how health care reform issues will impact the success of any national movement to implement Comprehensive School Health Education and the potential role that CSHE proponents can play in advocating reforms congruent with CSHE goals. The effectiveness of the CSHE movement within this arena will depend largely on its ability to critically self-diagnose its potential contributions to short-term and long-term positive health outcomes, and on its ability to join forces in ensuring that a variety of health, educational, and social services are made available in nontraditional sites--particularly schools--that are able to reach children and their families. An important step will be to expand the availability of Comprehensive School Health Education throughout the country: only one-half of all states currently mandate Comprehensive School Health Education programs, and implementation is spotty in some of these states. Another boost for the potential role of CSHE proponents can be found in the Year 2000 health objectives, of which more than one-third of 300 objectives geared to promoting health and disease prevention are devoted to the health behavior of school-age children and youth. Many of these objectives can be achieved directly or indirectly in schools, contingent upon appropriate financing and the establishment of CSHE goals as priorities at the policymaking level. An important factor will be the ability of the CSHE movement to provide its programs in the most cost-effective and cost-efficient manner, possibly including redeployment of staff and relocating resources as needed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adolescent↗
An interactive perspective of health education for the tropical disease control: the schistosomiasis case.
Some municipalities in Brazil have been requesting orientation for the implementation of health education programs related to the control of schistosomiasis. This demand was based on experiences in the development of health education researches, strategies and materials for school-age children, involving the communities and secretaries of health and education. Motivated by this request and the recently implemented plan of health services (Unified Health System-Sistema Unico de Saúde-SUS) that gives autonomy to the municipalities to utilize health resources and services in Brazil, this paper presents an interactive perspective of planning health education research and programs. The purpose of this perspective is to stimulate a reflection on the needs and actions of institutions and people involved in health education research and/or programs to obtain sustainability, commitment and effectiveness--not only in the control of schistosomiasis, but also in the improvement of environmental conditions, quality of life and personal health. This perspective comprises interaction among three levels related to health education programs: the decision level, the executive level and the beneficiary level. The needs and lines of action at each of these levels are discussed, as well as the ways in which they can interact with each other. This proposal may lead to useful interactive ways of planing, organizing, executing and evaluating health education research and/or program, not only towards the prevention and control of the disease at stake, but also to promote health in general.
Brazil↗
Health education to promote community involvement in the control of tropical diseases.
Health Education is any combination of learning activities that promote voluntary adaptations in health-related behaviour. In pursuing this definition, health workers generally work in two main directions, a community development approach and a behavioristic, communications approach. While Health Education in tropical, developing countries often takes the developmental approach with full community involvement, including the setting of programme priorities, Health Education for disease control has more often been characterized as the behavioristic mode utilizing simplistic, professionally determined messages and short-term campaigns to attempt to influence health behaviours related to disease transmission. Efforts in Idere, Nigeria, have tried to merge the two approaches building on community concern about one endemic tropical disease, Guinea worm. From this base, volunteer village health worker (VHW) training was developed. VHWs, once trained, developed their own association, which served as an organizational base for further health development programming, directed by the VHWs themselves.
Community Health Planning↗
The power of peer health education.
Peer education on college and university campuses has grown from self-educated students responding to campus health issues to state-of-the-art health education and motivational models designed to empower students to help each other promote positive health beliefs and behaviors. Peer education models come in many paradigms and often represent the best use of campus resources for specific needs. Model peer education efforts are based on carefully trained and closely supervised programs that ensure continuing quality improvement. Health educators are now exploring more comprehensive training and delivery models that encompass the complex nature and relationship, among risk behaviors, life skills, and the social pressures that have an impact on students' lives. Future peer education possibilities will involve many facets of college life created by people who care and believe that prevention is the essential component for empowering future leaders on both a personal and professional level.
Forecasting↗
Effects of a peer-led senior health education program.
The effect of a health education course guided by peers aged 55 and over was evaluated. The aim of the course was to empower older adults to participate in society and to promote their wellbeing. Evaluation included determining the effect on attitude toward aging, self-efficacy, perception of the societal opinion regarding the place of the elderly in society (social influence), social participation, perceived social support, and wellbeing of the participants aged 55 to 79 years. A quasi-experimental approach was used. The effect on the experimental group of course participants was studied compared to a control group of older adults on the waiting list. The respondents filled out postal questionnaires at three time points (before starting the course (t0), immediately after termination (t1) and three months later (t2)). Using a multivariate analysis procedure, a significant interaction effect between time of measurement and group membership was found with respect to the outcome of social influence. At t1 an effect was absent, but at t2, the current idea that elderly occupy a marginal position in society, found less favour with the experimental group than the control group. Moreover perceived social support and subjective health improved significantly at t1 and t2 among the course members, when compared to the control group. No effect was found on attitude, self-efficacy, social participation and wellbeing in the short time span of a three months follow-up.
Aged↗
Teach us body sense (TUBS): a health education program for primary students.
Health education is an important component of the elementary school curriculum. It is at this young age that children form the foundations for a healthy lifestyle that can carry them through their lifetime. It is imperative that the young are reached through education so they can incorporate healthy living choices into their decision making skills.
Anatomy↗
Laissez les bon temps rouler (let the good times roll): can embedded Cajun cultural health beliefs be changed through traditional health education?
An exploration to identify the impact of traditional health education on embedded cultural beliefs of the Cajun population in Cameron Parish Louisiana was performed. The largest parish in the state also has a much higher incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) than the national average. Ten residents in western Cameron Parish of Cajun heritage were interviewed to obtain views of health as it relates to their culture and CHD. In general, although the participants had acquired knowledge pertaining to the cause of CHD, they valued their culturally prepared foods and way of life above their health. As a unique and isolated group, they continue to have many beliefs and health practices different than the mainstream. The challenge for health care professionals is to use innovative social and health education that will break through cultural barriers to promote health prevention.
Adult↗
Health education to school children in Okpatu, Nigeria: impact on onchocerciasis-related knowledge.
We assessed the influence of health education on the knowledge about onchocerciasis in school children in Okpatu, Nigeria. The children, aged between 11 and 17 y, received health education in both English and Igbo (local language) for three months on the transmission, clinical manifestations, treatment and prevention of onchocerciasis. Illustrated pictorial materials were used to support and enhance their understanding of the subject matter. Their level of knowledge was evaluated nine months later using a pre-tested personal interview administered questionnaire. A significantly higher proportion of these children knew about onchocerciasis (chi2=260.4, df=1, P<0.0001), and its causative agent (chi2=175.0, df=4, P<0. 0001), clinical manifestations (chi2=254.0, df=5, P<0.0001), diagnosis (chi2=123.9, df=2, P<0.0001), treatment (chi2=197.8, df=3, P<0.0001) and prevention (chi2=220.8, df=3, P<0.0001) in the post- than in the pre-educational intervention. It is therefore concluded that school-based health education showed an increase in knowledge about onchocerciasis and school children could provide a useful 'multiplier' resource for health education in the community.
Adolescent↗