Mannitol infusion. III. The acute effect of the intravenous infusion of mannitol on blood and plasma volumes.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Blood Volume↗
SEARCH · PubMed Health
Results for “Infusions, Intravenous”
Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
Digoxin-like immunoreactivity increases with intravenous infusion of saline in rats.
1. The effects of sodium-loading on releases of endogenous digitalis-like substance were investigated by measuring digoxin-like immunoreactivity (DLI) during intravenous infusions of isotonic (0.15 mol/L) and hypertonic (1 mol/L) saline in anaesthetized rats. Plasma DLI was measured after death by a digoxin-radioimmunoassay. 2. The infusion of isotonic saline and hypertonic saline elevated the central venous pressure to similar levels. The plasma DLI concentration in both the infused groups rose significantly compared with that in the control rat not receiving the intravenous infusion. 3. The difference in the hypothalamic concentrations of DLI was not significant among the three groups, however, there was a significant inverse relationship between the plasma and hypothalamic concentrations of DLI. 4. Results indicate that the central venous pressure, but not sodium concentration, is essentially involved in the release of DLI, possibly from the hypothalamus.
Animals↗
[A case of unresectable gastric cancer responding to combined therapy with intraperitoneal cisplatinum administration and continuous intravenous infusion of 5-fluorouracil].
A 41-year-old woman diagnosed as gastric cancer with peritoneal dissemination was admitted for operation. Exploratory laparotomy was done and a reservoir was implanted with intraperitoneal catheter. At the operation, CDDP (100 mg) was administered intraperitoneally. Four days after the operation, continuous intravenous infusion of 5-FU (250 mg) was carried out. CDDP was administered every four weeks for 6 times and 5-FU continuously for 194 days. Grade 2 toxicity (nausea, vomiting) was noted without myelosuppression and renal disturbance. The general condition of the patient was fairly improved. PS (performance status) improved from Grade 3 to Grade 1. Combined therapy with repeated intraperitoneal CDDP administration and continuous intravenous infusion of 5-FU is effective and safe for gastric cancer with peritoneal dissemination based on biochemical modulation.
Adult↗
Sudden death due to intravenous infusion of hair conditioner.
A case of sudden death in a 14-year-old girl due to self administration of hair conditioner through an intravenous infusion pump is described. This report demonstrates difficulties that may occur in determining the manner of death in such cases and outlines a specific danger that may occur when adolescents have unsupervised access to intravenous infusion equipment.
Adolescent↗
Comparison of in vivo effects of intravenous infusion of N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine and phorbol myristate acetate in rabbits.
Comparison of the physiologic responses in rabbits to the intravenous infusion of two polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) activators, N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), has revealed marked differences in kinetics for activation between these agents. FMLP infusion was associated with maximally increased respiratory rates (RR), a maximally decreased mean blood pressure (MBP), and a maximally decreased absolute granulocyte count (AGC), all within the first 5 min after infusion. However, there were no significant differences between RR, MBP, and AGC of FMLP-treated animals and controls, 15 min postinfusion and after. On the other hand, PMA did not cause significant changes in RR or MBP until 30 min and 2 h postinfusion, respectively. Previous work has demonstrated that both FMLP and PMA stimulate the PMN metabolically in vitro via the same respiratory burst enzyme, NADPH oxidase, but that each of these activators demonstrates kinetics which are different from the other. Thus, these data from an in vivo study support previous in vitro findings and offer further evidence that the neutropenia and cardiopulmonary alterations following intravenous infusion of FMLP and PMA may be caused by metabolic activation of the blood PMN.
Animals↗
Effects of continuous intravenous infusion of isosorbide dinitrate on development of tolerance to vasodilating action in human epicardial coronary arteries.
This study was performed to determine the effects of long-term intravenous infusion on the coronary vasodilating actions of continuous intravenous and bolus intracoronary administration of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN). With quantitative coronary angiography, the coronary diameter and the vasodilating response to intracoronary ISDN (1 mg) at angiographically normal segments were studied before and after intravenous administration of ISDN, 10 to 60 micrograms/min for 1 hour, 2 days, or 5 days. The vasodilating effects of intravenous ISDN were 72% +/- 13%, 65% +/- 21%, and 6% +/- 11% of the response to intracoronary ISDN in the baseline study in each group. Irrespective of the duration of intravenous infusion, subsequent intracoronary ISDN dilated coronary arteries to extent similar to that observed in each baseline study. In conclusion, significant coronary vasodilating effects of intravenous ISDN were observed after a 2-day infusion, whereas tolerance to the vasodilating effects apparently developed within 5 days of infusion. The vasodilating response to bolus intracoronary ISDN was preserved even when the vasodilating effects of intravenous ISDN were no longer present.
Angina Pectoris↗
The influence of heparin on intravenous infusions: a prospective study.
In a prospective study of 108 intravenous infusions a significant decrease was noted in the incidence of both cannula-related sepsis and cannula-related phlebitis in those patients on low dose (1000 units/1000 ml infusate) heparin given intravenously. A significant decrease in the incidence of cannula-related phlebitis was also noted in patients receiving subcutaneous low dose heparin (5000 units 8-hourly). This significant decrease may be due to inhibition of fibrin clot formation around the tip of the indwelling intravenous cannula.
Adult↗
Continuous intravenous infusion and simultaneous pharmacokinetic monitoring in ambulatory rabbits with a programmable micropump and dual subcutaneous Silastic central venous catheters.
We describe a newly developed method of continuous intravenous infusion and simultaneous monitoring of plasma levels of investigational compounds in ambulatory untethered rabbits. Continuous infusion was administered by means of a portable programmable external micropump which permitted adjustable dosing. Simultaneous plasma pharmacokinetic monitoring during infusion was accomplished by dual silastic central venous catheters. The potential applications of the micropump infusion system as an alternative to current methods of continuous infusion in other species and in other studies are further discussed. This method provided a safe, reliable, and well-tolerated method of adjustable continuous intravenous infusion and simultaneous sampling of central venous blood in rabbits.
Animals↗
N-acetyl-L-tyrosine and N-acetyl-L-cysteine as tyrosine and cysteine precursors during intravenous infusion in humans.
The usefulness of N-acetyl-L-tyrosine (NAT) and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) as tyrosine and cysteine precursors during intravenous infusion was investigated in humans. Plasma levels and urinary excretion of NAT, tyrosine, NAC, and total cysteine were determined, and the site of deacetylation was examined by measuring the splanchnic and renal balances. Eleven healthy volunteers were given 5 g of either NAT or NAC as a 4-hour intravenous infusion. Plasma levels of NAT and NAC increased rapidly, accompanied by a 25% increase in tyrosine levels and a 35% decrease in total cysteine. Urinary excretion of NAT and NAC in 4 hours accounted for 56% and 11% of the infused amount, respectively. No net production of tyrosine or cysteine was found from the splanchnic area, but from the kidneys there was a small release of both tyrosine (10 +/- 3 mumol/min) and cysteine (64 +/- 3 mumol/min). We conclude that under these conditions the usefulness of NAT and NAC as precursors for the corresponding amino acids in humans is not apparent.
Acetylcysteine↗
Chronic intravenous infusion of chicken growth hormone increases body fat content of young broiler chickens.
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of programmed intravenous infusion of chicken growth hormone (cGH) on growth and metabolism of young broiler chickens (4-7 weeks of age). Four-week-old broiler cockerels, fitted with indwelling jugular catheters, were randomly assigned to three treatment groups (6 birds/group): pulsatile infusion of buffer (phosphate buffer, pH 7.4)[PB-P] at 3 hr intervals, pulsatile infusion of cGH (15 micrograms/kg at 3 hr intervals)[GH-P], or continuous infusion of cGH (120 micrograms/kg-day)[GH-C]. Birds were bled 5 min before (0-min) and 5 min post-infusion (relative to the pulses of PB and cGH) at 5, 6, and 7 weeks of age. Pulsatile infusion of cGH increased (P < 0.05) feed consumption by 24% and reduced (P < 0.05) feed efficiency by 14% without affecting body weight (BW) gain. The relative weights (%BW) of liver, abdominal fat, and bursa of Fabricius were not affected by the pattern of cGH infusion. However, the body fat content of cGH-infused chickens was increased (P < 0.05) by 13% (GH-C) and 17% (GH-P), while body protein and water contents were slightly reduced. Body ash content was not affected by pattern of cGH infusion. When compared with the PB-P controls, the GH-P treatment depressed (P < 0.05) hepatic GH-binding activity by 52% without affecting plasma insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) levels. Continuous infusion of cGH increased (P < 0.05) plasma IGF-I by 16%, thyroxine (T4) by 31%, and glucagon levels by 55%, although plasma GH levels were only 47% higher than those of the PB-P group. However, the GH-P treatment was only half as effective as the GH-C pattern in elevating plasma levels of T4 and glucagon. This study shows that programmed intravenous infusion of cGH increases deposition of body fat in young rapidly-growing broiler chickens.
Adipose Tissue↗
Plasma brain natriuretic peptide as a parameter to assess efficacy of continuous intravenous infusion of prostacyclin (epoprostenol) to treat severe primary pulmonary hypertension: a case report.
Continuous intravenous infusion of prostacyclin (epoprostenol) as a treatment for primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) definitely improves the patient's quality of life, but few accurate parameters have been found to evaluate the efficacy of the treatment. We observed a patient with severe PPH whose plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) level changed significantly as her condition and symptoms changed. Plasma BNP may be considered as one of the parameters for assessing the efficacy of prostacyclin treatment.
Adolescent↗
Development of a dosage strategy in patients receiving enoxaparin by continuous intravenous infusion using modelling and simulation.
AIM: To develop an appropriate dosing strategy for continuous intravenous infusions (CII) of enoxaparin by minimizing the percentage of steady-state anti-Xa concentration (C(ss)) outside the therapeutic range of 0.5-1.2 IU ml(-1). METHODS: A nonlinear mixed effects model was developed with NONMEM for 48 adult patients who received CII of enoxaparin with infusion durations that ranged from 8 to 894 h at rates between 100 and 1600 IU h(-1). Three hundred and sixty-three anti-Xa concentration measurements were available from patients who received CII. These were combined with 309 anti-Xa concentrations from 35 patients who received subcutaneous enoxaparin. The effects of age, body size, height, sex, creatinine clearance (CrCL) and patient location [intensive care unit (ICU) or general medical unit] on pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters were evaluated. Monte Carlo simulations were used to (i) evaluate covariate effects on C(ss) and (ii) compare the impact of different infusion rates on predicted C(ss). The best dose was selected based on the highest probability that the C(ss) achieved would lie within the therapeutic range. RESULTS: A two-compartment linear model with additive and proportional residual error for general medical unit patients and only a proportional error for patients in ICU provided the best description of the data. Both CrCL and weight were found to affect significantly clearance and volume of distribution of the central compartment, respectively. Simulations suggested that the best doses for patients in the ICU setting were 50 IU kg(-1) per 12 h (4.2 IU kg(-1) h(-1)) if CrCL < 30 ml min(-1); 60 IU kg(-1) per 12 h (5.0 IU kg(-1) h(-1)) if CrCL was 30-50 ml min(-1); and 70 IU kg(-1) per 12 h (5.8 IU kg(-1) h(-1)) if CrCL > 50 ml min(-1). The best doses for patients in the general medical unit were 60 IU kg(-1) per 12 h (5.0 IU kg(-1) h(-1)) if CrCL < 30 ml min(-1); 70 IU kg(-1) per 12 h (5.8 IU kg(-1) h(-1)) if CrCL was 30-50 ml min(-1); and 100 IU kg(-1) per 12 h (8.3 IU kg(-1) h(-1)) if CrCL > 50 ml min(-1). These best doses were selected based on providing the lowest equal probability of either being above or below the therapeutic range and the highest probability that the C(ss) achieved would lie within the therapeutic range. CONCLUSIONS: The dose of enoxaparin should be individualized to the patients' renal function and weight. There is some evidence to support slightly lower doses of CII enoxaparin in patients in the ICU setting.
Adolescent↗
Effects of intravenous infusion of hypotonic lactated Ringer's solution on calves with diarrhea.
The effects of intravenous infusion of hypotonic lactated Ringer's (LR: n=14) on plasma volume and venous blood gases were compared to those of hypotonic Ringer's solutions (RS: n=7) in diarrheic Japanese Black breed calves with metabolic acidosis. Venous blood samples were collected immediately before and after, and at 24 hr after the fluid infusion therapy. The LR and RS infusions increased relative plasma volume to 147.1 +/- 25.5% and 134.2 +/- 18.6%, respectively, just after the fluid therapy. The LR infusion induced an increase in the BE value (+5.1 +/- 4.8 mM) at 24 hr compared to that of RS. LR infusion should be explored as a treatment for dehydration and moderate metabolic acidemia caused by naturally occurring diarrhea in calves.
Animals↗
Daily, intermittent intravenous infusion of peptide YY(3-36) reduces daily food intake and adiposity in rats.
The gut hormone peptide YY(3-36) [PYY(3-36)] decreases food intake when administered by intravenous infusion to lean and obese humans and rats. Whether chronic administration of PYY(3-36) produces a sustained reduction in food intake and adiposity is the subject of intense debate. Batterham et al. (R. L. Batterham, M. A. Cowley, C. J. Small, H. Herzog, M. A. Cohen, C. L. Dakin, A. M. Wren, A. E. Brynes, M. J. Low, M. A. Ghatei, R. D. Cone, and S. R. Bloom. Nature 418: 650-654, 2002) first reported that PYY(3-36) reduces food intake and weight gain in rats when injected into the peritoneal cavity twice daily for 7 days. Numerous laboratories have failed to confirm that daily injections of PYY(3-36) decrease body weight. Continuous subcutaneous administration of PYY(3-36) by osmotic minipump has been reported to reduce daily food intake in rodents but only during the first 3-4 days of administration. Here we show the effects of different daily patterns of intravenous infusion of PYY(3-36) on food intake, body weight, and adiposity in rats tethered via infusion swivels to computer-controlled pumps. Measurement of food bowl weight recorded by computer every 20 s permitted daily assessment of the instantaneous effects of PYY(3-36) administration on food intake and meal patterns. One-hour intravenous infusions of PYY(3-36) at 30 pmol x kg(-1) x min(-1) every other hour for 10 days produced a sustained reduction in daily food intake of approximately 20% and decreased body weight and adiposity by 7 and 35%, respectively. Thus dosage pattern is critical for producing a sustained effect of PYY(3-36) on food intake and adiposity.
Adiposity↗
Side reaction caused by the perfluorocarbon emulsions in intravenous infusion to experimental animals.
The perfluorocarbon (PFC) emulsions are infusion gas-transporting media and are usually called the artificial blood. However anaphylactoid reaction were observed during intravenous infusion of PFC emulsions. The cause of side reactions is the activation of the complement system. An indirect sign of the intravascular activation of the complement is the neutropenic effect in the peripheric blood. Taking into consideration the phenomen, the method of evaluation of anaphylactoid reaction caused by PFC emulsions has been elaborated using the neutropenic index. We evaluated the biocompatibility of 26 PFC emulsions of different composition in intravenous infusion to rabbits using this index. Emulsions evoked reactions of different extent. Some emulsions did not cause the neutropenic effect at all. Results of this work allow to reach conclusion, that influence of PFC emulsions on the complement system is explained not only by emulsifying agent proxanol: the stability of emulsions in the vascular bed and in the period of storage in frozen state is of great importance as well.
Akathisia, Drug-Induced↗
Effect of continuous intravenous infusion of secretin preparation (secrepan) in patients with hemorrhage from chronic peptic ulcer and AGML.
This study was conducted to evaluate the hemostatic effect of continuous intravenous infusion of secrepan (secretin preparation, Eisai Company Ltd. Tokyo) on gastroduodenal hemorrhage in patients with chronic peptic ulcer and AGML (acute gastric mucosal lesion). The patients consisted of 37 cases of bleeding ulcer (13 cases of chronic peptic ulcer and 24 cases of AGML). Secrepan was infused at a rate of 2U/kg/hr for the first 3 days and 0.5U/kg/hr for the next 4 days. The cumulative hemostatic rate in the chronic peptic ulcer group was 53.9% after 36 hours, and 76.9% after 48 hours of infusion, but no significant change in rate was observed thereafter. The cumulative hemostatic rate in the AGML group was 52.2% after 36 hours, and 95.7% after 72 hours of infusion. The hemostatic rate in chronic peptic ulcer and AGML cases with only slight or moderate bleeding was 100%, and no recurrent hemorrhaging was observed. The hemostatic rate in chronic peptic ulcer cases with severe bleeding was 62.5% and in AGML cases with severe bleeding was 93.3%, and 7 of 15 cases showed recurrent hemorrhage. Our findings indicated that continuous intravenous infusion of secrepan had more favorable effects on AGML cases, than on chronic peptic ulcer cases.
Adolescent↗
Intravenous infusion of glucagon-like peptide-1 potently inhibits food intake, sham feeding, and gastric emptying in rats.
Glucagon-like peptide-1(7-36)-amide (GLP-1) is postulated to act as a hormonal signal from gut to brain to inhibit food intake and gastric emptying. A mixed-nutrient meal produces a 2 to 3-h increase in plasma GLP-1. We determined the effects of intravenous infusions of GLP-1 on food intake, sham feeding, and gastric emptying in rats to assess whether GLP-1 inhibits food intake, in part, by slowing gastric emptying. A 3-h intravenous infusion of GLP-1 (0.5-170 pmol.kg(-1).min(-1)) at dark onset dose-dependently inhibited food intake in rats that were normally fed with a potency (mean effective dose) and efficacy (maximal % inhibition) of 23 pmol.kg(-1).min(-1) and 82%, respectively. Similar total doses of GLP-1 administered over a 15-min period were less potent and effective. In gastric emptying experiments, GLP-1 (1.7-50 pmol.kg(-1).min(-1)) dose-dependently inhibited gastric emptying of saline and ingested chow with potencies of 18 and 6 pmol.kg(-1).min(-1) and maximal inhibitions of 74 and 83%, respectively. In sham-feeding experiments, GLP-1 (5-50 pmol.kg(-1).min(-1)) dose-dependently reduced 15% aqueous sucrose intake in a similar manner when gastric cannulas were closed (real feeding) and open (sham feeding). These results demonstrate that intravenous infusions of GLP-1 dose-dependently inhibit food intake, sham feeding, and gastric emptying with a similar potency and efficacy. Thus GLP-1 may inhibit food intake in part by reducing gastric emptying, yet can also inhibit food intake independently of its action to reduce gastric emptying. It remains to be determined whether intravenous doses of GLP-1 that reproduce postprandial increases in plasma GLP-1 are sufficient to inhibit food intake and gastric emptying.
Animals↗
Phase I study of cyclophosphamide (NSC 26271) by 72-hour continuous intravenous infusion.
A phase I clinical study of cyclophosphamide administered by 72-hour continuous intravenous infusion was conducted in 13 patients with various types of advanced solid tumors to evaluate the drug's toxicity and efficacy. The initial dosage of 300 mg/m2/day X 3 days repeated at 3-week intervals was progressively increased by 150 mg/m2/day-increments to a maximum dosage of 750 mg/m2/day. The dose-limiting toxicities were hematologic and gastrointestinal. Neutropenia was more severe than was thrombocytopenia. The lowest granulocyte count less than 500/mm3 occurred during more than half of the treatment courses at doses of 600 mg/m2 and higher. Severe nausea and vomiting were observed in patients during three of four treatment courses at the 750 mg/m2 dose level. None of the patients had microscopic hematuria or symptoms suggestive of cystitis. Partial response occurred in a patient with parotid cancer metastatic to the lung. Disease stabilization occurred in four patients, while six patients had progression of disease. The recommended starting dosage of cyclophosphamide by continuous intravenous infusion for phase II trials is 600 mg/m2/day X 3 every 3 weeks for patients with good bone marrow reserve.
Adult↗