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At least 937 records · Page 52Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

[Comparison of susceptibility testing results of M. tuberculosis by different methods].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the susceptibility testing results of M. tuberculosis detected with different standards and methods. METHOD: 158 strains of M. tuberculosis isolated from clinical patients were detected for the drug sensitivity by Chinese standard and method (absolute concentration method), 1% resistance ratio and absolute concentration method of WHO/IUATLD standard. RESULTS: The drug-resistant rate detected by the standard of WHO/IUATLD was 53.8%(85/158), while by the Chinese standard 50.0%(79/158). The drug-resistant rates to INH, SM, EMB and RFP by WHO/IUATLD standard were 41.8%(66/158), 34.2%(54/158), 22.1%(35/158) and 27.8%(44/158) respectively, whereas by the Chinese standard 34.2%(54/158), 30.4% (48/158), 18.4%(29/158) and 27.2%(43/158) respectively. There was no significant difference between the results detected with WHO/IUATLD and Chinese standard, except for the results of INH. There was no significant difference between the results detected with WHO/IUATLD standard by 1% resistant ratio and absolute concentration methods. CONCLUSION: The results of drug-sensitivity were interfered by the detected standards but not by the tested methods.

Antitubercular Agents↗
PubMed1997

Comparison of screening methods to identify methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Screening methods to identify methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were compared using 96 isolates representing 17 distinct clones. The sensitivity of four commercial agglutination tests was determined in comparison to the tube coagulation test, and the results related to the presence of the coagulase gene. The broth screening test, agar dilution test and disc diffusion test were carried out, and the results related to the presence of the mecA gene. Mannitol salt agar and Iso-Sensitest agar with varying salt supplements were used. All agglutination tests had high rates of detection of Staphylococcus aureus (95.8-99.0%). Resistance in mecA gene-positive Staphylococcus aureus isolates was correctly detected by the oxacillin broth test, the agar dilution test and the disc diffusion test on mannitol salt agar, whereas on Iso-Sensitest agar detection rates were lower (between 68.5% and 94.4%, depending on the salt supplement). Incubation of the Iso-Sensitest plates for 48 hours significantly improved the rate of detection of resistance, but increased the major error rate up to 71.4%. MecA gene-positive Staphylococcus aureus isolates not detected by the disc diffusion test on Iso-Sensitest agar had significantly lower oxacillin minimal inhibitory concentration values and were significantly less resistant to a variety of antibiotics. Thus, mannitol salt agar might be a suitable medium for use in the disc diffusion and agar dilution test to detect resistance to oxacillin in Staphylococcus aureus.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed2000

Cefpodoxime screening of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. by Vitek for detection of organisms producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases.

We used a Vitek custom card to detect cefpodoxime MIC of--2 mg/L as a screen for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production in E. coli and Klebsiella spp. Of 2873 organisms tested, 60 were screen positive, but only 3 were confirmed to be ESBL producers. Cefpodoxime is believed to be a sensitive screen for ESBL production, but a more specific test is desirable.

Ceftizoxime↗
PubMed1983

Susceptibility of Mycobacterium fortuitum to antibacterial agents as evaluated by disk diffusion and agar dilution methods.

The susceptibility of 34 strains of M. fortuitum to several antimicrobial agents was comparatively tested by the disk diffusion and the agar dilution methods. The results obtained by these two methods essentially showed that the microorganism was fully sensitive to amikacin and kanamycin and only partially sensitive to sisomicin and rifampicin. Streptomycin, erythromycin and cephotaxime were inactive. The disk diffusion method seems advisable as a rapid screening procedure for antibiotic susceptibility testing M. fortuitum.

Antibiotics, Antitubercular↗
PubMed1980

Evaluation of in vitro sensitivity testing methods of detecting sulphamethoxazole trimethoprim synergy. Correlation with mouse protection assay.

To evaluate the applicability of sensitivity tests in the detection of synergy between sulphamethoxazole (SMX) and trimethoprim (TMP) hospital strains of Escherichia coli were tsted by the disc sensitivity and the agar dilution tests using Isosensitest agar; sensitivity to SMX, TMP and 20 parts sulphamethoxazole plus 1 part trimethoprim (SXT) was determined. Ten of 19 strains of E. coli showed larger zones of inhibition with the SXT discs than with either SMX or TMP discs. Yet all 19 E. coli strains showed appreciably lower MIC for SXT than either SMX or TMP in the agar dilution test. It is concluded that disc sensitivity tests do not detect synergy between SMX and TMP. Demonstration of a lower MIC with SXT than either SMX or TMP in the agar dilution test is a better indication of synergy. This conclusion is confirmed in the mouse protection tests.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Physiological comportment and in vivo sensitivity of Sporothrix schenckii isolates maintained for 18 years by two preservation methods].

We compared two methods for the preservation of fungi, Castellani's method and repeated passage in Sabouraud medium-agar, on five isolates of Sporothrix schenckii that were preserved for 18 years at room temperature by both procedures. They were evaluated for viability of the strains, growth rate, morphological and physiological characteristics, and in vitro sensitivity to iodide, itraconazole, terbinafine and posaconazole. 100% viability was observed in all of the isolates, with slower growth rate on strains preserved in water compared to strains periodically re-cultured. The typical morphological feature of these fungi was preserved by both methodologies. With regard to enzymatic activity, both groups gave urease reactions and were beta glucosidase-positive. Nevertheless, complete inhibition of the capacity to hydrolyse starch was observed only on the isolates preserved in water. This group also was more sensitive to potassium iodide at a concentration of 10 microM in the in vitro sensitivity tests.

Agar↗
PubMed1981

Sensitivity of Bacteroides fragilis to seven antimicrobial agents.

The sensitivity of 100 isolates of Bacteroides fragilis 7 antimicrobial agents was determined using Wilkens-Chalgren agar, the results of minimal inhibitory concentrations being compared with a disc diffusion technique. There was reasonable correlation between the 2 methods, both of which revealed that 4 strains were highly resistant to clindamycin. In those hospitals where clindamycin is frequently used for the treatment of serious anaerobic infections, antimicrobial sensitivity testing of B. fragilis may be worthwhile.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1997

[The clinical manifestation and drug sensitive tests of lower respiratory tract infection by enterobacter cloacae. The Pulmonary Infection and Fibrosis Group, Thoracic Society Shanghai Medical Association].

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical characteristics of lowar respiratory tract infection caused by E. cloacae and to investigate the drug sensitivities of E. cloacae strains. METHOD: (1) Analysing the clinical deta of 58 case with lowa respiratory tract infection of enterobacter cloacae defined by a putative standard, including ages, symptoms, signs, underlying diseases, sputum culture, X-ray findings and the prognosis. (2) Determining the drug sensitivities against the E. cloacae strains by K-B method. RESULTS: (1) There were 46 males and 12 females, with the mean age 56 +/- 19% cases diagnosed, who had underlying diseases, most were COPD. 41% cases were mixed infections with other bacteria, most of which were P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae. The chief symptoms were fever (72%) and productive cough (87%). The chest X-ray revealed inflammatory infiltration in lower lobes of both sides. The mortality rate was 9%. (2) The antimicrobial tests in vitro showed that these strains were multiresistant to antibiotics, but imipenem, amikacin, tobramycin, ciprofloxacin, cefoaperazone were sensitive. CONCLUSIONS: The lower respiratory tract infections caused by E. cloacae showed no specific clinical manifestations. However, the mortality was high. The diagnosis should be made according to bacteriologic examination combined with clinical and X-ray manifestations. Combining antibiotics therapy was recommanded according to antimicrobial sensitivity test.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Antibiotic sensitivity testing of anaerobes.

Most of the methods devised for testing the antibiotic susceptibility of aerobes have been applied to anaerobes. In addition to the problems intrinsic to these methods, additional difficulties arise from anaerobiosis itself, from variability of carbon dioxide concentrations and pH, from problems in preparation and definition of inoculum, from the rich media required for growth by some fastidious anaerobes, and from the lack of suitable control microorganisms of known sensitivity. Among the procedures described, MIC determination on solid media is suitable for research and for use as a standard, and MIC in liquid media for routine use but disc tests are of limited usefulness. Changes in hitherto relatively stable patterns of susceptibility among anaerobes may well necessitate an increase of sensitivity testing in diagnostic laboratories.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1995

[Characterization of Candida sp strains isolated from different clinical specimens in the years 1989-1993].

420 Candida sp. strains, which were isolated from the following specimens: vaginal secretions, throat swabs, urine, surgical specimen, nail specimen, sputum, semen, bile, skin, swab, pus were examined. On the basis of morphological and biochemical examinations it was established that in the above mentioned specimens are presented different species of Candida genus. Most often were isolated C. albicans, C. krusei, C. tropicalis. Among 317 C. albicans strains, 306 belonged to serotype A, 11 strains belonged to serotype B. The determination of enzymatic properties made possible the differentiation of strains C. albicans species from other species, and made it possible to define the biotypes. Sensitivity tests for examined strains made the characterization more particular.

Body Fluids↗