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At least 937 records · Page 52Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Detection of virus-specific antibody-forming cells of mice immunized with Newcastle disease virus.

The hemolytic plaque assay was adapted to the detection of antibodies to Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in an in vivo, an in vitro system, and a combined in vivo-in vitro system. Several conditions were tested for coupling of sheep erythrocytes to NDV and for the kinetics of plaque formation in the in vivo and in vitro systems. The one set of conditions which provided the best responses is presented. The effect of multiple injections of NDV into mice on plaque formation was optimized.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Antibody responses in ostriches (Struthio camelus) vaccinated with commercial live and killed Newcastle disease vaccines.

Three ostriches (Struthio camelus) were immunized with commercially available live and killed Newcastle disease (ND) vaccines for chickens and the antibody responses to the ND vaccines were evaluated by a virus-neutralization (VN) test. Primary vaccination with the live vaccine, B1, by eye drop was followed with two shots of alum-precipitated killed vaccine via subcutaneous injection in the neck. As a final booster, another live vaccine, Clone 30, was used by eye drop. A VN antibody titer, more than 1:10 was observed for 6 months. This is the first report on the use of a live vaccine by eye drop as a booster in ostriches as well as evaluating responses to ND vaccines using the VN test in this avian species.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effects of the multiplicity of infection on viral subpopulations during passage of Newcastle disease viruses.

When mixtures of two clones of the Italy-Milano strain of Newcastle disease virus were inoculated so that one clone was present in quantities 20 times greater than the other, maintenance of that population ratio through six serial passages in 10-day-old embryonating chicken eggs depended on the multiplicity of infection of the first passage. The initial ratio was preserved when the eggs were inoculated at low multiplicity, 10(1) virions inoculated, but not at high multiplicity, 10(6) virions inoculated. In the latter situation, the clear plaque clone, which comprised 1/20 of the initial population of the inoculum, increased in numbers to parity with the red plaque clone after only six serial passages in embryonating eggs. Explanations for the competitive advantage of the clear plaque clone at high multiplicity of infection are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Studies on the specificity of agglutinins against human erythrocytes modified by Newcastle disease virus.

The specificity of agglutinins in human sera against human erythrocytes modified by Newcastle disease virus (NDV-O agglutinins) was studied with agglutination and agglutination inhibition techniques. Virus grown in both embryonic eggs and tissue culture was used in the experiments. The findings were compatible with the existence of four specificities of agglutinins. In some sera, including those from subjects recently inoculated with vaccines prepared in eggs, the agglutinins were directed against a component of the allantoic fluid. In high-titred infectious mononucleosis (IM sera the agglutinins were directed against antigenic groupings present in the Vic strain but not the B1 strain of NDV, whereas in certain other sera they were directed against antigens present in both of them. Finally, in some sera the agglutinins probably reacted with a red cell antigen uncovered by the viral neuraminidase.

Agglutinins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of three velogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus by RNA oligonucleotide fingerprinting.

The purified RNA from three velogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus (Ca-1083 [Fontana], Largo, and Texas GB) was analyzed by oligonucleotide fingerprinting. An image-processing system used to manipulate and rescale autoradiographs to uniform dimensions assisted the manual comparison of RNA fingerprints. Based on this analysis, the fingerprints of the Largo and Ca-1083 viscerotropic strains were more similar to each other than either virus was to the Texas GB neurotropic strain. By contrast, the Largo and Texas GB strains displayed more differences in the pattern of RNA fragment migration than other strain comparisons. Fingerprint comparisons were also performed between velogenic and previously reported lentogenic strains of NDV. No large RNA fragments were identified as NDV-specific or virulence-specific. This study evaluates the relationships among these NDV strains.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Strain-specific degradation of a viral glycoprotein in Newcastle disease virus-infected cells.

In cells infected with mesogenic or lentogenic strain of Newcastle disease virus the level of neuraminidase and hemagglutinin activities sharply decreased after the addition of cycloheximide. With two velogenic strains such decreases did not occur. The infected cells were labelled with 14C-amino acids (leucine or valine) and further incubated with an excess of unlabelled precursor. Polyacrylamide gel analysis revealed a decrease of the peak correspondig to the "large" glycoprotein after the chase in cells infected with meso- or lentogenic strain (Beaudette, B1). In the cells infected with velogenic strains (Italia, Herts) no such decrease was observed. The degradation of the "large" glycoprotein as the cause of the decrease of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase activities in cycloheximide-treated cells and its possible relation to virulence is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Method of production of the dried highly dispersed vaccine of Newcastle disease virus].

Experimental batches of dried dust-like vaccine on the basis of Newcastle disease virus, strain La Sota, have been prepared. The technology of the preparation of the vaccine includes the lyophilization of the technical fluid of the culture under study, milling dried biomass and mixing the pulverized biomass with excipient. As revealed in the process of this work, lyophilization ensures high concentration of the virus in dried biomass and its pulverization, a high content of the target fraction of biomass particles in the vaccine preparation with the moderate inactivation of the bioagent. By mixing the pulverized biomass with excipient the required concentration of the viable virus in the finished product may be achieved. The viability of the bioagent during the storage of the dried vaccine under conditions, determined by optimum storage temperature and time, has been found satisfactory.

Aerosols↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Antibody response to strain combinations of Newcastle disease virus as measured by hemagglutination-inhibition.

Differences in antibody response to three Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strains--B-1, LaSota, and Ulster--were investigated using the hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) micro-titer test in chickens hatched from ND-immune and unimmune flocks. When used singly as primary vaccines, the Ulster strain stimulated the lowest antibody response of the three in both immune and unimmune (susceptible) chickens. Subgroups of each of the primary-vaccinated groups were revaccinated with each of the three strains. Ulster-vaccinated chicks, revaccinated with Ulster, gave the poorest booster response. All other revaccination combinations gave a significant titer increase, though some were better than others. It is suggested that the Ulster strain as primary vaccine followed by booster does of B-1 or LaSota will induce a higher antibody response (i.e., immunity) in susceptible chicken populations with less risk of a post-vaccination reaction.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Detection and quantitation of Newcastle disease virus proteins in infected chicken embryo cells.

A technique was analyzed by which Newcastle disease virus (NDV) proteins could be quantitatively detected in the presence of chicken embryo cellular proteins in NDV-infected cells. The technique involved removal of electropho-proteins from a sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide-agarose gel matrix by chemical cleavage of the acrylamide gel cross-linker. The proteins were subsequently transferred and covalently bound to diazobenzyloxymethyl paper. By incubating the paper with unlabeled antisera and 125I-labeled Staphylococcus aureus protein A, the specificity of the antisera and the sensitivity of this method of quantitative antigen detection were tested. The results demonstrated that as little as 1 ng of an individual NDV protein could be detected. Furthermore, this technique can simultaneously quantitate the synthesis of multiple NDV proteins under experimental conditions in which immunofluorescence, hemadsorption, and plaque assays failed to show virus protein synthesis or the formation of virus progeny.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Suppressive effect of Newcastle disease virus on the primary and secondary immune responses of hamsters.

The effect of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) on the formation of 19 S haemolytic plaque-forming cells (HPFC) in the secondary immune response and on the formation of 7 S HPFC in both primary and secondary immune responses of hamsters to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) was studied. The 19 S and the 7 S HPFC in the spleens of hamsters injected with SRBC were demonstrated by the direct and indirect Jerne's method, repectively. A single intraperitoneal injection of NDV 5 days prior to primary immunization markedly depressed the number of 7 S HPFC. NDV administered 5 days prior to the second injection of SRBC resulted in a significant decrease in the number of both 19 S and 7 S HPFC. It is asssumed that interferon induced by NDV is responsible for the suppressive effect of the virus on both the primary and secondary immune responses of hamsters to SRBC.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Conformational changes of Newcastle disease virus envelope glycoproteins triggered by gangliosides.

We have investigated the conformational changes of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) glycoproteins in response to receptor binding, using 1,1-bis(4-anilino)naphthalene-5,5-disulfonic acid (bis-ANS) as a hydrophobicity-sensitive probe. Temperature- and pH-dependent conformational changes were detected in the presence of free bovine gangliosides. The fluorescence of bis-ANS was maximal at pH 5. The binding of bis-ANS to NDV was not affected by chemicals that denature the fusion glycoprotein, such as reducing agents, nor by the presence of neuraminidase inhibitors such as N-acetyl neuramicic acid. Gangliosides partially inhibited fusion and hemadsorption, but not neuraminidase hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein (HN) activity. A conformational intermediate of HN, triggered by the presence of gangliosides acting as receptor mimics, was detected. Our results indicate that, upon binding to free gangliosides, HN undergoes a certain conformational change that does not affect the fusion glycoprotein.

Anilino Naphthalenesulfonates↗
PubMed1978

Transcription and translation of Newcastle disease virus mRNA's in vitro.

Transcription directed in vitro by Triton-activated Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was stimulated and prolonged by the presence of cytoplasmic extracts of animal cells. The RNA products closely resembled those of NDV transcription in vivo by several criteria: binding to oligodeoxythymidylic acid-cellulose, the mobility and relative abundance of each major band resolved by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and the ability to direct the accurate cell-free synthesis of polypeptides corresponding to the NDV proteins HN, F0/F1, NP, and M. Synthesis of a novel polypeptide related to NP but of higher apparent molecular weight was also detected. These results indicated that cell-free transcription under these conditions was a close facsimile of NDV transcription in vivo. In addition, both in vitro and in vivo, NDV polypeptides were synthesized in nonequimolar amounts which reflected the order of the genes in the transcriptional map: NP, F0, M, (47K, HN), L. Strains AV and HP, virulent strains which have differences in biological activities, exhibited differences in the polypeptides synthesized in infected cells and in cell-free systems.

Cell-Free System↗