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At least 937 records · Page 52Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Cell-mediated and monoclonal antibody-dependent killing of Onchocerca volvulus microfilariae.

To identify the target antigens implicated in the adherence and killing of microfilariae (mf) by leucocytes, we incubated nodular mf and leucocytes in the presence of anti-cuticular monoclonal antibodies (MOVs) and fresh serum. Leucocyte donors were patients with a mean age of 37 years (with 0-1 mf/snip), who had lived in the endemic village studied for at least 10 years. After 16-20 h of incubation, up to 74% of the mf could be seen with 10 or more cells adhering to them. By 36-40 h up to 54% of the mf had been killed by the leucocytes in the presence of a cocktail of monoclonal antibodies termed MOV GIV. The degree of killing in control experiments with the monoclonal antibody MOV 1 remained lower (P less than 0.05), ranging from 0.0 to 4.5% of mf with initial viability of 90-95%. Western blotting revealed MOV GIV prominent target antigens of 10.5, 18.0, 23.5 and 27 kDa in crude surface extracts of female O. volvulus. The detected antigens may play a role in host protection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Onchocerciasis in Ecuador: ocular findings in Onchocerca volvulus infected individuals.

Little is known of the epidemiology and clinical picture of ocular onchocerciasis in South America. A survey of onchocercal eye disease was performed in the hyperendemic area of a rain forest focus of onchocerciasis in Esmeraldas Province in Ecuador. A total of 785 skin snip positive individuals from black and Chachi Amerindian communities were examined. The blindness rate attributable to onchocerciasis was 0.4%, and 8.2% were visually impaired. Onchocercal ocular lesions were seen in a high proportion of the study group: 33.6% had punctate keratitis, microfilariae in the anterior chamber and cornea were seen in 28.9% and 33.5% respectively, iridocyclitis was seen in 1.5%, optic atrophy in 5.1%, and chorioretinopathy in 28.0%. Sclerosing keratitis was not seen. The prevalence of all ocular lesions increased with age. Punctate keratitis was strongly associated with microfilarial counts in the cornea and chorioretinopathy was correlated with infection intensities in the cornea and anterior chamber. Chachi Amerindians had higher anterior chamber microfilarial counts and a greater prevalence of punctate keratitis than blacks though blacks had a greater prevalence of iridocyclitis and optic nerve disease. The pattern of ocular disease resembled rain forest onchocerciasis in west Africa with few severe ocular lesions in the anterior segment and all blinding lesions attributable to posterior segment disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Onchocerciasis in Ecuador: changes in prevalence of ocular lesions in Onchocerca volvulus infected individuals over the period 1980-1990.

Trends in prevalence rates of onchocercal ocular lesions were examined over the period 1980 to 1990 using data from two cross-sectional surveys. There was evidence for increasing prevalence of anterior chamber microfilariae, iridocyclitis, optic atrophy, and chorioretinopathy. Large increases in prevalence, in particular, were seen for posterior segment lesions: optic atrophy increased from 2.7% to 6.4% and chorioretinopathy from 8.8% to 35.6%. Greatest increases in these lesions were seen in the Chachi which was attributed to the large increases in prevalence of microfilariae in the anterior chamber particularly in those aged 30 years or greater. The study findings suggest that ocular onchocerciasis is evolving in parallel with the well documented parasitological changes.

Adolescent↗