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At least 937 records · Page 52Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

DSC1 channels are expressed in both the central and the peripheral nervous system of adult Drosophila melanogaster.

DSC1 encodes a putative voltage-sensitive sodium channel alpha subunit in Drosophila melanogaster. We generated polyclonal antibodies raised against part of the DSC1 sequence to characterize the size and the distribution of these channels in the adult fly. Immunoblotting experiments indicated that the protein has a molecular weight of about 270 kDa. We also showed that DSC1 channels are found only in the neurons of the fly. The density of channels was high in synaptic regions and in most of the axonal processes that connect the various structures of the CNS. No signal was observed in the cortical cell bodies where the para channels are mainly present. The most striking result concerns the widespread distribution of DSC1 channels in the PNS, as confirmed by experiments done with the monoclonal antibody 22C10. These results strongly suggest that DSC1 and para channels may have complementary roles, at least in the adult stage.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-I (sICAM-I) in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of demyelinating diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system.

Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-I (ICAM-I) levels were evaluated (ELISA) in 22 untreated and 13 corticosteroid-treated active relapsing remitting (RR) Multiple Sclerosis (MS), in 10 untreated and 10 corticosteroid-treated Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and in 17 non-inflammatory neurological diseases (NIND). Twenty-eight clinically inactive RR MS were assayed for serum sICAM-I before and after 3 months treatment of 8 MIU rIFN beta-Ib taken s.c. every other day. High sICAM-I serum levels above the NIND values were found in untreated clinically active MS and in untreated GBS (P < 0.05) but not in the untreated clinically inactive MS group. The active MS group showed significantly (P = 0.0001) higher sICAM-I serum levels if compared to the inactive group. Corticosteroid-treated active MS and GBS patients showed lower (P < 0.05) serum sICAM-I levels than the corresponding untreated groups. Serum sICAM-I levels after 3 months of rIFN beta-Ib treatment (P < 0.0001, paired t-test) resulted increased compared to pretreatment values in MS. The mean values of CSF/serum sICAM-I:CSF/serum Albumin ratios (sICAM-I Index) in active untreated MS patients were higher compared to NIND (P < 0.005) and to corticosteroid-treated MS group (P = 0.01). sICAM Index values in GBS did not differ from those in NIND. The results seem to suggest potential roles for serum sICAM-I in downregulating the ongoing inflammatory response at the blood-brain barrier level and for CSF sICAM-I in the maintenance of a central nervous system local immune response.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1994

[Magnetic stimulation in the diagnosis of diseases of the central and peripheral nervous systems].

Magnetic stimulation of the cerebral cortex and roots CVI--CVII and LII--LIV was performed in 19 healthy subjects, 45 multiple sclerosis (MS), 21 lateral amyotrophic sclerosis and 24 demyelinating polyneuropathy patients. M-response of m. abductor digiti min (AdV) and m. tibialis ant. (TA) was registered. The difference of M-response latent time induced by the stimulation, CVI--CVII and LII--LIV determined the time of the impulse central conduction (ICC) to the corresponding roots. In healthy subjects ICC--C amounts to 8.28 +/- 1 ms (maximum 10.3 ms), ICC--S is equal to 14.6 +/- 1.46 ms (maximum 16.8 ms). In patients with the above affections increased ICC was a frequent finding which also occurred in subclinical pyramidal lesions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

The role of cultured Schwann cell grafts in the repair of gaps within the peripheral nervous system of primates.

With recent advances in cell culture techniques it is possible to isolate human SCs from adult peripheral nerves, expand and purify their number in cell culture, and construct a cellular prosthesis from the cultured cells. The current study was designed to ascertain whether these techniques could be used to repair nonhuman primate nerve injuries. In 12 adult female cynomologous monkeys, the musculocutaneous (msk) nerve was divided and prevented from regenerating and the brachioradialis nerve (brach) was exposed bilaterally (n = 24 nerves) and injured so that a 15-mm gap existed within the nerve. The brach nerves were either repaired with sural nerve autografts (n = 6), guidance channels which contained monkey SCs (120 x 10(6) cells/ml; n = 6), or guidance channels without SCs (n = 6). The remaining brach nerves (n = 6) had either no injury or an injury to the nerve without a repair. Autologous expanded primate SCs were increased in number at least 10-fold over a 2-week period at which time the SC purity exceeded 99.9%. Monkeys in each group, including the control group, regained some degree of elbow flexion after 3 months despite sectioning both the mask nerve and the brach nerve; therefore, we were unable to determine simply on clinical grounds which repair was the most effective in promoting functional recovery. Brach nerves repaired with sural nerve grafts were superior to both the channels which contained SCs and empty channels in regards to the number of myelinated axons proximal, within, and distal to the repair site (P < 0.05). Electrophysiologic results closely paralleled the histologic data with evidence of reinnervation of the brachioradialis muscle based on the compound muscle action potential in both sural nerve graft and monkey SC channel repair groups.

Animals↗