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PubMed1991

Generation replacement in Europe since 1900.

The author examines population dynamics in Western Europe during the twentieth century, with a focus on changes in generations' ability to reproduce themselves. He applies "the concept of 'generation replacement', based on 'net' fertility, [taking] into account the mortality rates to which a generation of mothers is subjected up to the end of reproductive life. The conditions in which replacement occurs are measured by the reproduction rate, or replacement rate, which expresses the number of daughters by which each of the women born [in] a given year will, on average, be succeeded. Replacement is ensured when the rate is higher than one. To reach this level, the generation's fertility must be all the higher as mortality conditions are unfavourable."

Demography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Population policy forum. Redefining survival.

Although I agree with most of the content and the essence of Marge Berer's excellent paper, I beg to differ with her on whether there is a need for a feminist population policy. If we advocate respect for women's needs and right, then we have to believe that women will want to regulate and limit their fertility when it is no longer an essential element in their survival: today, childbearing is a social or economic necessity for many women, even to the detriment of their health. No set numbers should be designated as the ideal family size, nor should any form of ideal family be posed in the 1st place. However, there is an issue of pragmatism or opportunity value that we have to consider. Women need contraceptives to regulate their fertility, among the many other things they need to empower themselves. Those who control economic resources at both the national and international levels are more interested in investing in family planning programs than in other health or development needs. We will not be able to change their motives to some abstract egalitarianism in which they never believed. Our challenge, as feminists, is to develop our own capabilities in 2 ways. One is to gain the technical and intellectual know-how to make a clearer argument that demonstrates the link between effective contraceptive use and addressing women's reproductive health and other economic and social needs. We must convince a reluctant establishment that without empowering women they will not achieve their goals. The 2nd is to create our own organizations and modes of operation that will allow resources to flow into programs and activities that will work for women and not get marginalized and impoverished into paralysis.

Contraception↗
PubMed1970

Postpartum laparoscopy for sterilization.

The necessity of performing sterilization in the immediate postpartum period is evident in many areas of the world. Tubal ligation via laparotomy may extend the postpartum stay and entail a certain morbidity. We have applied the technique of tubal coagulation and or resection via laparoscope to a large series of patients shortly after parturition. The technique is readily acquired, complications have been minimal, and in most instances, postpatum stay is not extended. A portion of these patients were followed by hysterosalpingogram approximately 3 months postpartum at which time tubal occlusion was demonstrated. We conclude that this procedure is not contraindicated in the postpartum period.

Diagnosis↗