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At least 937 records · Page 52Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

The effects of single afferent impulses on the probability of firing of external intercostal motoneurones in the cat.

1. Recordings of afferent discharges from external intercostal muscle spindles were made from in-continuity dorsal roots of anaesthetized, paralysed cats and the afferents were characterized as described in the preceding paper (Kirkwood & Sears, 1982).2. The strengths and time courses of the raised probabilities of firing of external intercostal motoneurones evoked by the synaptic actions of impulses in the afferents were measured by constructing cross-correlation histograms from the discharges of the individual afferents and the discharges of the motoneurones, which were simultaneously recorded from the cut central ends of intercostal nerve filaments. Other dorsal roots, apart from the rootlet containing the afferent fibre, were cut to prevent afferent synchronization from affecting the results.3. Cross-correlation histograms involving single efferent discharges showed narrow peaks (mean half-width 0.99 msec) at monosynaptic latencies.4. This mean half-width is slightly longer than the mean rise-time of the e.p.s.p.s described in the preceding paper, but much shorter than the mean half-width of those e.p.s.p.s. These measurements, together with the shapes of individual histogram peaks thus confirm the prediction of Kirkwood & Sears (1978) that the shape of such a peak should be approximated by the time differential of the underlying e.p.s.p. plus the e.p.s.p. time course itself. Amplitudes of the peaks were also consistent with the predictions of Kirkwood & Sears (1978).5. The cross-correlation histograms involving multi-unit efferent discharges were entirely consistent with those involving single efferent discharges and were used to demonstrate the patterns of projections of individual afferents to different groups of intercostal motoneurones.6. Individual afferents excited alpha motoneurones of all spike sizes in the intercostal filament recordings but excitation of gamma motoneurones was not detected.7. Individual afferents excited motoneurones of the same segment and both adjacent segments, but no projection beyond these was detected.8. The amplitude of the multi-unit cross-correlation peak was taken as a measure of the over-all strength of the connexions to a given segment. When this amplitude was measured for motoneurones of the same segment as the afferent, for sixteen out of nineteen afferents there was a highly significant positive correlation with the conduction velocity of the afferent. The remaining three afferents gave a strength of connexion which appeared to be much stronger than would be expected from the rest of the population of afferents.9. The strength of connexion to adjacent segments was generally lower than to the same segment.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1992

Bilateral thoracic outlet syndrome with bilateral radial tunnel syndrome: a double-crush phenomenon. Case report.

A case of bilateral thoracic outlet syndrome combined with bilateral radial tunnel syndrome is reported. Persisting complaints in the upper extremities after bilateral first-rib resection and scalenotomy were due to radial nerve entrapment in the radial tunnel. Although this bilateral double-crush phenomenon is extremely rare, and has not been reported previously, persistence of symptoms after initial treatment of a nerve entrapment is an indication to search for another site of compression.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Anatomic variations of the T2 nerve root (including the nerve of Kuntz) and their implications for sympathectomy.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to clarify the anatomic variations of the intrathoracic nerve of Kuntz, and this should help delineate the resection margins during video-assisted thoracic sympathectomy. METHODS: Sixty-six thoracic sympathetic chains of 39 adult Korean cadavers were dissected on both sides of the thorax in 27 cadavers (54 sides) and on one side in 12 cadavers (12 sides). RESULTS: The intrathoracic nerve was observed in 45 (68.2%) sides and was present bilaterally in 48.1% of cadavers. No intrathoracic nerve or ascending ramus communicans arising from the second thoracic nerve was observed in only 5 (7.6%) sides. The diameter of the intrathoracic nerve was 1.25 plus minus 0.55 mm on average. The arising point of the intrathoracic nerve from the second thoracic nerve was 7.3 mm on average from the sympathetic trunk. Presence of the stellate ganglion was noted in 56 (84.8%) sides, and 6 (9.1%) sides showed a single large ganglion formed by the stellate and the second thoracic sympathetic ganglia. The second thoracic sympathetic ganglion was most commonly located (50%) in the second intercostal space. CONCLUSION: The anatomic variations of the intrathoracic nerve of Kuntz and the second thoracic sympathetic ganglion were characterized in human cadavers. It is hoped that this study will help to improve the recurrence of symptoms caused by the intrathoracic nerve in an upper thoracic sympathectomy for hyperhidrosis.

Female↗
PubMed2002

Cutaneous nerve to the subacromial region originating from the lateral pectoral nerve.

During dissection practice, a cutaneous branch to the deltoid region, which originated from the lateral pectoral nerve, was found bilaterally in one Japanese male (two of 125 sides, 1.6%). The branch originated from the superior surface of the lateral pectoral nerve, ran on the superior surfaces of the coracoid process and the coraco-acromial ligament, and pierced the deltoid muscle close to the tip of the acromion. The distribution area of this cutaneous branch was similar to the cutaneous branch of the suprascapular nerve. Although the branch from the suprascapular nerve has been reported in man and primates, a minute description of such a branch from the lateral pectoral nerve is not currently available in the literature. According to the detailed analyses of the roots of the lateral pectoral nerve and the suprascapular nerve, the roots of both nerves are close to each other in the upper part of the superior trunk of the brachial plexus. Therefore, these cutaneous branches have different courses, but are considered to be a single nerve to complement the supraclavicular nerves.

Cadaver↗
PubMed1999

Management of chylothorax after thoracoscopic splanchnicectomy.

Thoracoscopic splanchnicectomy is a minimally invasive procedure used in the treatment of recalcitrant abdominal pain in patients with chronic pancreatitis or pancreatic carcinoma. Chylothorax, an uncommon complication of thoracoscopic splanchnicectomy, may lead to a protracted, costly hospital course of treatment usually consisting of central venous hyperalimentation, restricted oral intake, and tube thoracostomy. In our series of 25 patients who underwent thoracoscopic splanchnicectomy, 2 developed postoperative chylothorax. Both patients failed conservative management and ultimately underwent operative reintervention, at which time, leaking lymphatics were easily identified and closed using minimally invasive techniques. On the basis of this experience, we advocate early thoracoscopic reintervention in patients with chylothorax after thoracoscopic splanchnicectomy.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMed1979

[Brachial plexus birth injuries. An experimental study (author's transl)].

The authors present an experimental study of obstetrical Brachial plexus Palsy. They study traction injury to 16 Brachial pleux. The first lesions were always disruption of the upper roots C5 and C6. After that, the Lower Plexus (C7 - C8 - T1) was disrupted. The two upper roots are usually interrupted and surgical graft seen to be possible. On the Lower Plexus, avulsions are found and intercostal nerves transfer must be performed.

Birth Injuries↗
PubMed1981

A clinical and electrophysiological study of neurogenically induced winging of the scapula.

Four cases of neurogenically induced winging of the scapula are described. Systematic clinical evaluation enabled the affected nerve or nerves to be defined in each case, particular attention being directed to the presence or absence of deformity at rest, the direction of rotation of the winging scapula, and the movement of the arm that produced maximal scapular winging. EMG studies were performed on all 4 cases and serial spinal accessory nerve conduction studies on the 2 patients with involvement of this nerve. Both techniques proved useful adjuncts to clinical evaluation and provided confirmatory diagnostic information. The accessory nerve conduction studies were of further value in assessing the extent and type of neural damage, the rate of recovery and the prognosis.

Accessory Nerve↗
PubMed1996

[Surgical procedures and intra-operative management to prevent postoperative complications following resection of esophageal cancer].

To prevent postoperative complications following resection of an esophageal cancer, the nerves and vessels related to the cardiopulmonary function should be preserved as far as possible. Preservation of the right bronchial artery, the pulmonary branches of the right vagus nerve, the thoracic duct, the azygos vein, the inferior thyroidal artery, and the paratracheal sheath decreases the incidence of pulmonary distress syndrome and of tracheobronchial ischemic lesions. In patients whose vessels and nerves are resected together with a locally advanced tumor, reinforcement of the tracheal membrane using a gastric pedicle or lattisimus dorsi muscle flap, or a two-staged operation is recommended. So as not to injure the recurrent nerves, use of a tracheal retractor and taping of the left recurrent nerve are recommended. Also, the phrenic nerves should be found in the deep cervical fascia before dissection of the supraclavicular nodes and should be preserved.

Esophageal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1999

Bilateral medial pectoral neuropathy in a weight lifter.

Weight lifting has occasionally been associated with focal neuropathies of unknown cause. We describe a case of progressive bilateral medial pectoral neuropathy in a body builder. Whereas the medial pectoral nerve passes through pectoralis minor to reach the pectoralis major, the lateral pectoral nerve has no such intramuscular course. We postulate that weight lifting and concomitant pectoralis minor hypertrophy in our patient produced intramuscular entrapment of the medial pectoral nerves.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Ninety-degree rotation of the thoracic spinal thecal sac. Case report.

This 44-year-old man presented with a 4-year history of progressive spastic weakness of his legs. He was found to have epidural lipomatosis behind the thoracic spinal cord, and the nerve roots exited from the posterior and anterior midline planes of the dura, indicating a 90 degree rotation of the thoracic cord. Magnetic resonance images clearly demonstrated the segmental thoracic nerve roots exiting from the dorsal midline of the dura, a finding confirmed at surgery. The authors found only one previously published case of rotation of the spinal cord. Directed mechanical stress caused by deformation of the rotated spinal cord, rather than compression from adipose tissue, is proposed as the mechanism of the myelopathy. The extent, location, and thickness of the associated extradural adipose tissue is suggestive of epidural lipomatosis. The lipomatous tissue might have been an epiphenomenon and cord rotation an isolated congenital anomaly. Alternatively, asymmetrical growth of epidural fat may have exerted torque, rotating the thecal sac.

Adipose Tissue↗