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Results for “Tooth Apex”

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At least 937 records · Page 52Linked to original sources

PubMed1991

[A case report of premolar autotransplantation].

The patient was a 12-year-old female with Angle's Class II malocclusion accompanying congenital missing of upper premolar. The results were as follows: 1. After autotransplantation, orthodontic treatment time was 26 months. 2. In panoramic and periapical radiographs demonstrated closed root apex of transplanted tooth. 3. Autotransplanted tooth responses about vitality test. 4. Periodontal probing was within normal limits in the transplanted area.

Anodontia↗

PubMed2002

Obturating teeth with wide open apices using mineral trioxide aggregate: a case report.

The conventional approach in handling a tooth with a wide open apex requiring endodontic treatment is by means of a procedure called apexification. The objective of treatment is to introduce calcium hydroxide mixed with sterile water or local anaesthetic into the root canal to create a hard-tissue-like formation or an apical plug to prevent extrusion of filling materials during obturation of teeth with wide open apices. This procedure may take anything from 6 months to 2 years. In 1999 a new material called mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) was introduced to the dental profession for clinical use which has the ability to create an apical plug within a few weeks.

Aluminum Compounds↗

PubMed2000

A suspected periradicular scar: treat or not?

This paper presents an unusual case of a tooth with multiple adjacent endodontic problems. The diagnosis was complicated by a bony scar that untypically was located around the apex of one of the teeth.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Innervation of the periodontal ligament in the alligatorid Caiman crocodilius.

The mode of development and structure of crocodilian teeth and periodontium parallels that of mammals, but the teeth are continuously replaced throughout the lifetime of those animals. In this report, the innervation and fibres of the crocodilian periodontal ligament were examined using histology, immunohistochemistry for S-100 protein and transmission electron microscopy. Crocodilian periodontal ligaments had the following characteristics: (1) horizontal fibres, which connect the alveolar bone to the root cementum and (2) longitudinal fibres, which ran parallel to the tooth axis, with nerves and blood vessels in the middle layer of the ligament. The apex of root and tooth germs were both embedded in thick circular fibres. S-100 protein was detected in neural elements including terminal portions which were densely distributed in the periodontal ligament and dental follicle. The S-100 positive neural elements formed a periodontal plexus. We found two types of nerve endings; free endings and simple encapsulated corpuscles as described in mammals. The presence of such nerve endings in caiman suggests that these teeth, in addition to having a biting function, may also act as highly sensitive sensory organs.

Alligators and Crocodiles↗

PubMed2004

Intentional replantation of an immature permanent lower incisor because of a refractory peri-apical lesion: case report and 5-year follow-up.

We performed an intentional replantation of an immature lower incisor that had a refractory peri-apical lesion. The incisor was extracted and the peri-apical lesion was removed by curettage. The root canal of the tooth was then rapidly irrigated, and filled with a calcium hydroxide and iodoform paste (Vitapex(R)), after which the tooth was fixed with an arch wire splint. Five years later, no clinical or radiographic abnormalities were found, and the root apex was obturated by an apical bridge formation. A team of two dentists is essential to prevent a prolonged operation time, thus eliminating any of the causes of ankylosis. Furthermore, calcium hydroxide and iodoform paste, along with an arch wire splint retained with composite resin, led to good healing of the periodontal tissue after the intentional replantation. Our results indicate that intentional replantation is a useful method for an immature tooth with refractory peri-apical problems.

Calcium Hydroxide↗

PubMed2001

Clinical application of computer-aided rapid prototyping for tooth transplantation.

The maintenance of healthy periodontal ligament cells in the donor tooth is one of the most important factors for successful tooth transplantation. This is achieved by minimizing the extraoral time during the surgical procedure. If a duplicate form of donor tooth could be obtained before extraction, it would be possible to precontour the recipient alveolar bone compatible with the donor tooth, and thereby reduce the extra-oral time of the donor tooth. We obtained a three-dimensional image with the real dimensions of the donor tooth from a CT Highspeed Advantage, allowing a life-sized resin model of the tooth to be fabricated. From 22 clinical cases, we achieved an average total transplantation time of 7.7 min. The average distance between the transplanted root surface and the alveolar bone from 12 available cases was 0.87 mm at the mesial cervix, 0.91 mm at the mesial apex, 0.98 mm at the distal cervix and 1.16 mm at the distal apex on the postoperative radiographs. Clinical data indicate that computer-aided rapid prototyping may be of value in minimizing the extra-oral time and possible injury to transplanted tooth during the process of autotransplantation.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Evaluation of apical root resorption following extraction therapy in subjects with Class I and Class II malocclusions.

The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of root resorption during orthodontic treatment, and to examine the relationship between tooth movement and apical root resorption. Twenty-seven Class I and 27 Class II patients treated with edgewise mechanics following first premolar extractions were selected. The following measurements were made on the pre- and post-treatment cephalograms: upper central incisor to palatal plane distance, the inclination of upper central incisor to the FH and AP planes, the perpendicular distances from the incisor tip to the AP and PTV planes, and incisor apex to PTV. The amount of apical root resorption of the maxillary central incisors was determined for each patient by subtracting the post-treatment tooth length from the pre-treatment tooth length measured directly on cephalograms. Intra-group differences were evaluated by the Student's t-test and inter-group differences by the Mann-Whitney U-test. For correlations the Pearson correlation coefficient was used. The results show that there was a mean of approximately 1 mm (P < 0.01) of apical root shortening in Class I patients, but in Class II division I subjects the mean root resorption was more than 2 mm (P < 0.001). The inter-group differences were statistically significant. No significant correlations were found between the amount of apical root resorption and tooth inclination, or the duration of active treatment.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Immediate repositioning of an accidentally extruded immature premolar after extracting root remnants of the primary molar.

This article describes a case where during an extraction of a primary molar's root remnant, the successor permanent tooth was accidentally extruded. The extruded tooth was immediately repositioned to its right position in the socket and it erupted normally after a short time. After 2 years, a routine clinical examination revealed normal appearance of the premolar in the dental arch. A radiograph demonstrated an obliterated coronal part of the pulp, normal root length, a slightly open apex and no periapical inflammation.

Bicuspid↗

PubMed1998

Phosphoprotein analysis of sequential extracts of human dentin and the determination of the subsequent remineralization potential of these dentin matrices.

Phosphoprotein appears to play an important role in the mineralization of dentin during tooth development and remineralization after demineralization by dental caries. To better understand this role, we describe the extraction and characterization of phosphoprotein from immature, human root apex dentin during and after EDTA demineralization. The extraction procedure included dissociation of the demineralized dentin matrix by guanidine hydrochloride (Gdn.HCl) followed by subsequent digestion with cyanogen bromide (CNBr) and collagenase. Characterization of these extracts included 'Stains-All' staining of SDS polyacrylamide gels (SDS-PAGE) and amino acid, protein and phosphorus analyses. The ability of these matrices to remineralize was determined by TEM and measuring calcium levels in the remineralized tissue by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The staining of SDS-PAGE gels and amino acid analysis showed that an intact phosphophoryn was extracted from the dentin of the immature apices during EDTA demineralization and that it had an apparent Mr approximately 140,000. In the subsequent extracts and digests, the phosphoprotein has a range of molecular weights, some of which may have been degraded products of the intact phosphoprotein. A greater quantity of phosphoprotein was found in the EDTA-demineralized dentin matrices than in dentin after Gdn.HCl, CNBr and collagenase digests. These EDTA-demineralized matrices also remineralized to a greater extent than those dissociated with Gdn.HCl. The differences in both the quantity and the quality, as defined by the amino acid residue profile, of the phosphoprotein in the sequential extracts of the root apex dentin may be important in affecting the ability of this tissue to remineralize.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

Experimental tooth movement through mature and immature bone regenerates after distraction osteogenesis in dogs.

The purpose of this study was to verify the influence of tooth movement on tooth roots and periodontal tissues when teeth were moved into mature, well-organized, and mineralized regenerate bone created after distraction osteogenesis compared with immature, fibrous, and less-mineralized bone. Six 15-month-old male beagles underwent 10 mm of bilateral mandibular distraction osteogenesis. After 2-week (group 1) and 12-week (group 2) consolidation periods, third premolars were moved distally into the regenerate bone with 100 g of orthodontic force for 12 weeks. Simultaneously, second premolars were also moved distally as controls. After completion of tooth movement, the experimental animals were killed, and their tissues were harvested for histological evaluation. When premolars in groups 1 and 2 were compared, group 1 showed higher rates of tooth movement until the eighth week of experimental tooth movement (P <.05). The amount of tooth movement was significantly greater in group 1 than in group 2 or in the control teeth (P <.05). In group 1, we observed considerable root resorption extending into the dentin, and the thickness of the dentin became approximately half that of the controls at the compression side adjacent to the distraction gap. This root resorption extended from the cementoenamel junction to the root apex. In group 2, root resorption on the compression side reached the dentin, but the root resorption was less than in group 1. These results indicated that heavy force and early orthodontic tooth movement are not recommended when teeth are moved through regenerated bone created by distraction osteogenesis, to avoid tipping and severe root resorption.

Alveolar Process↗

PubMed2003

Retrograde treatment in an extensive implant-tooth-supported reconstruction.

Diagnosis and treatment of chronic apical periodontitis associated with an abutment tooth in an extensive tooth-implant-supported fixed prosthesis is reported. Careful, complete interpretation of clinical data was imperative because the periapical radiolucency presented around the apex of a vital tooth. A retrograde endodontic approach was used to prevent an adverse outcome to the complex rehabilitative treatment that had been performed over many years.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

An evaluation of root ZX and elements diagnostic apex locators.

The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of the Root ZX and Elements Diagnostic electronic apex locators under clinical conditions. Thirty-six teeth planned for extraction were used. Each tooth was decoronated, coronally flared with Orifice Shapers, and irrigated with 2.6% sodium hypochlorite. Working lengths were measured with K-files using both electronic apex locators. The files were cemented at the last measured working length and the teeth were extracted. The apical 4-mm of each canal were exposed and photographed under 15x and 30x magnification. Images of each apex were projected and the distance from the file tip to the minor diameter was determined. The mean distances from the file tip to the minor diameter were 0.346 mm for the Elements Diagnostic and 0.410-mm for the Root ZX beyond the minor constriction. In locating the minor constriction the Root ZX was accurate 75% of the time to +/-0.5 mm, 83.3% +/-0.75 mm, and 88.9% to +/-1 mm. The Elements Diagnostic was accurate 75% of the time to +/-0.5 mm, 88.9% to +/-0.75 mm, and 91.7% to +/-1 mm. There was no statistically significant difference between the accuracy of the two electronic apex locators in locating the minor diameter (p < 0.05).

Dental Instruments↗

PubMed2001

Conservative management of an accidentally resected root: a 3-year follow-up.

Despite all the effort by dentists to provide high levels of dental care in clinical practice, there is always the possibility of accidents occurring. This report describes a referred case that presented with irreversible pulpitis in tooth #19. The situation developed after accidental resectioning of the distal root of tooth #19 during the surgical extraction of tooth #18 by another dentist. The resultant open apex in the distal root of tooth #19 was managed conservatively. A positive apical stop was prepared at the root end of the distal root and sterile calcium hydroxide powder was used to create an apical barrier against which a gutta-percha filling was condensed. The treatment appeared successful at 3-year follow-up.

Calcium Hydroxide↗

PubMed1979

Root-end induction.

A root-end induction procedure was used to treat a nonvital tooth with an open apex. This procedure was relatively fast and simple and did not require special instruments or medicaments. The procedure improved the prognosis of the involved tooth and reduced the trauma associated with surgical endodontic treatment.

Calcium Hydroxide↗

PubMed2001

Revascularization after cryopreservation and autotransplantation of immature and mature apicoectomized teeth.

Autotransplantation of immature teeth can have a success rate of almost 98% if the tooth is atraumatically transplanted from the donor site to a suitable acceptor site and the extraoral time is kept to a minimum. When the tooth cannot be transplanted immediately, cryopreservation and storage in a tooth bank offer new possibilities for autotransplantation. However, the effect of cryopreservation on the revascularization of transplanted teeth is still unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine revascularization in immature teeth that have an open apex and in mature teeth that have had the apex cut. The study was carried out on 16 teeth in 2 dogs; 8 teeth were removed and immediately transplanted to the contralateral position and 8 teeth were cryopreserved and transplanted 1 week later. The results show that: (1) teeth can revascularize after autotransplantation if the original pulp tissue is removed at the time of extraction, (2) there is no significant difference in the amount of revascularization between teeth stored in a tooth bank for 7 days and those immediately transplanted without freezing, and (3) there is no difference in the ingrowth of new pulpal tissue between mature apicoectomized teeth and immature teeth.

Angiography↗

PubMed1997

Technical standard of root canal treatment in an adult Scottish sub-population.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the periapical status, technical standard and frequency of root canal treatment in an adult population in Scotland. DESIGN: Examination of full-mouth periapical radiographs from 340 consecutive adult patients (8420 teeth) attending Glasgow and Dundee Dental Hospitals for clinical examination. METHODS: Position and quality of the root fillings were assessed together with signs of periradicular radiolucencies. The influence of the type of coronal restoration was also assessed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Pathologies associated with impacted third molars and outcomes following surgical removal of third molars. RESULTS: 54% of the patient sample had root filled teeth. 5.6% of the teeth examined radiographically had root fillings, and of these, 58.1% had radiographic signs of periapical disease. 41% of the patients had at least one non-root canal treated tooth with periapical disease. 77% of teeth with post-retained crowns had evidence of periapical pathology. CONCLUSIONS: Root fillings judged to be adequate radiographically had a reduced incidence of radiolucencies. Teeth obturated beyond the apex had more radiolucencies than those obturated flush with or within 2 mm of the radiographic apex. A high proportion of post-retained crowns were associated with periapical pathology. There is a substantial future need both for root canal treatment and for standardised treatment methods.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Radiographic examination of dentigerous cysts in the transitional dentition.

OBJECTIVES: To examine radiographically the relationship between the deciduous tooth and dentigerous cyst of the permanent successor during the transitional dentition. METHODS: From a retrospective review of all patients who visited our institution from April 1988 to August 2001, 70 patients under 16 years of age who had histologically confirmed dentigerous cysts that had developed from the central incisor to the second premolar were identified. These 70 patients were investigated using panoramic and periapical radiographs. RESULTS: In most cases (54 cases; 77.1%) the cyst was in the premolar region. Of the 54 premolars with dentigerous cysts, the overlying deciduous tooth had already been lost in 7 cases. Of the 47 remaining premolars with associated deciduous tooth, 35 (74.5%) had bone resorption of the periapical or bifurcation region, or irregular resorption of the associated deciduous tooth. Of the remaining 12 deciduous teeth with no periapical lesions, 9 had been treated with root canal therapy. Thus, 44 of these 47 cases (93.6%) had the possibility of inflammation at the deciduous tooth associated with the dentigerous cyst. Evidence from one case in the present study suggesting the process by which cyst development occurs is also given. CONCLUSION: Inflammatory change at the apex of the deciduous tooth may bring on a dentigerous cyst of the permanent successor.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Calculus-like deposit on the apical external root surface of teeth with post-treatment apical periodontitis: report of two cases.

AIM: To report two cases in which calculus-like material was found on external root surfaces of (i) an extracted root and (ii) an apicected part of a root, both of which were removed due to post-treatment refractory apical periodontitis. SUMMARY: In each case, there was a fistulous tract, which did not heal after conventional root canal treatment. The first case did not heal even after apical surgery, and subsequent tooth extraction revealed calculus-like material on a root surface of complex anatomy. The second case showed radiographic signs of healing after apicectomy. Histology of the apical biopsy revealed a calculus-like material on the external surface of the root apex. It is suggested that the presence of calculus on the root surfaces of teeth with periapical lesions may contribute towards the aetiology of failure. KEY LEARNING POINTS: Biofilm on the external root surface has been implicated in the failure of apical periodontitis to heal, despite adequate root canal treatment. Calculus-like material was found, in two cases, on the root surface of teeth with post-treatment apical periodontitis, where the only communication externally was a sinus tract.

Adult↗