Finite state control of planar bipeds with application to walking and sitting.
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A new method is presented for the monitoring of cardiac time intervals, e.g. in clinical and industrial work investigation. The methods yields 'on-line' the electrocardiodynamic time profile during rest as well as effort, and has applications in health care, sports and occupational medicine. By means of analog processing of an electrocardiographic signal, ear densitogram and beat-by-beat display of the measured cardiac time intervals as amplitude-modulated pulses, an 'electrocardiodynamic time profile' is obtained. In order to estimate the accuracy and the limitations of the method, a comparison with computerized methods was performed. In an ergonomic experiment carried out by a Romanian-Swedish research team, analog and digital methods for the detection of cardiac time intervals showed good agreement.
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We report the results of a new assessment system (using a Video-digitizer and non-contact type transducer) in order to clarify the three-dimensional human wrist motion. The results of basic experimental studies conducted prior to this clinical assessment indicated that this new system was an extremely reliable and useful to measure three-dimensional motion. The results of the wrist motion in normal individuals showed supination at radial flexion movement, pronation in ulnar flexion movement, and pronation in the dorso-ulnar part of rotational movement. The comparative results of human wrist motion in pathological conditions suggested that an involvement of the distal radio-ulnar joint was primarily responsible for impairment in the rotational movement of the human wrist.
In the present study the authors wanted to transfer rigorous methods of study, already in use in other sectors (sports, medicine, isokinetic work, etc.) of the validity of interventions made and their effectiveness, into an "emerging" field, that of perineal rehabilitation. 15 female patients, aged between 35 and 45, affected by stress incontinence underwent a baseline clinico-instrumental evaluation of the perineal floor including a computerized test of endurance. The patients then embarked upon a standardized rehabilitative perineal training lasting a month and at the end underwent an identical evaluation as that performed at the outset. Statistical analysis of the results obtained showed an objective improvement in the parameters considered (endovaginal pressure and its variations during a series of intermittent static contractions) quantitatively supporting clinical evidence.
Stimulation of the cat brain mesencephalic RF augmented the high-frequency activity in control animals and failed to do so after 4-oxopyrimidine administration. These and some other EEG changes suggest presence of an anxiolytic component in the trimethidone, the latter thus being similar by its effect to 1,4-benzodiazepines and endogenous pyrimidines.
Analog pressure signals (catheter-tip manometers) from the left atrium, left ventricle, and aorta and a flow signal from the arota were obtained in 25, open-chest, anesthetized dogs in which 115 episodes of ischemia were produced in an area of the left ventricle subtended by the distal left anterior descending coronary artery and its last major diagonal branch. The left ventricular pressure and its first derivative (dP/dt) were displayed as an X-Y loop. The character of this loop went through a unique series of dynamic changes in 110 of the 115 ischemic episodes, indicating that this is a useful tool for monitoring myocardial ischemia. Spectrum pairs of the above signals were analyzed with digital computational transfer functions in 14 ischemic episodes of three experiments and preliminary assessment reveals unique pole and zero changes in many pairs during each episode which also may prove to be a useful indicator of the hemodynamic disturbance incurred during myocardial ischemia.
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Analogue transmission of biomedical signals over the public telephone network has advantages from the economic point of view over digitalized transmission. This paper deals with the special problems encountered with the transmission of biomedical signals. Furthermore, the new international transmission standard C.C.I.T.T. recommendation V. 16 is introduced. This standard has recently been adopted by the relevant study group and has been presented to the Plenary Assembly of the C.C.I.T.T. for final approval. This standard is compatible with the existing public telephone networks. The technical specifications of this standard allow the transmission of the three-channel ECG for diagnostic purposes, e.g., remote processing and computer-assisted evaluation, as well as the transmission of the one-channel ECG with acoustic coupling, e.g., in emergency cases and for pace maker monitoring.
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Considerations on the theory of communication point to the importance of "redundant" data in medicine. These usually arise from texts such as catamneses, descriptions of findings etc., and escape digital data pooling and storage on organizational and financial grounds. Here, microfilm is available as an economical storage medium taking little room. Developments in recent years enable integration of automatic analog storage into digital information systems. The use of such a hybrid system in the field of pathology is described.
In order to facilitate the analysis of 24-hour tape recordings of ECG for rhythm by the AZTEC technique, we have configured a dual-processor system. It samples the ECG signal from a tape playback unit at a rate of 7501.88 Hz, allowing analysis at 30 x real time. An approach to error recognition and containment for the program, which utilizes the sampling of events, is discussed. Steps are taken to reduce errors caused by human sampling of "high risk" regions of the record.
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