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Results for “Consumer Behavior”

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PubMed1978

Nonprofessionals in the rehabilitation of mentally disordered sex offenders.

Eighty-six sex offenders were exposed to a 6-month voluntary program of either group encounters (experimental group) or hobbies and games (control group) led by nonprofessionals. Pre- and posttests included a personality test, an introspective report, and a behavior rating scale. Written ward records were assessed as were the results of a postexperimental prisoner evaluation of the experience. Significant changes were evidenced by encounter subjects in improved feelings of approval of the prison-hospital experience, lessened hostility, and better attendance at the meetings. Encounter subjects were improved in the predicted direction on 55 of the 74 treatment dimensions. Community volunteers were judged moderately successful as lay therapists.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Effectiveness of an interdisciplinary pain management program for the treatment of chronic pelvic pain.

Chronic pelvic pain has rarely been discussed in the pain management literature, although it is extremely common in general gynecological practice and often refractory to traditional medical and surgical therapy. A chronic pelvic pain program was developed to offer an alternative treatment approach for women for whom standard gynecological procedures were inappropriate or unsuccessful. Sixteen subjects completed the full 6-8 week interdisciplinary program, which included both somatic and behavioral therapies. Compared to a waiting list control the results showed a dramatic decrease in reported levels of pain following treatment. Anxiety and depression also decreased and psychosocial functioning improved, including return to work, increased social activities, and improved sexual activity. The outcome suggests that the interdisciplinary pain management approach is effective for the treatment of chronic pelvic pain.

Adult↗

PubMed1985

Interpersonal behavior and therapeutic progress: therapists and clients rate themselves and each other.

To measure the extent to which progress in psychotherapy can be predicted from the interpersonal styles of therapists and clients, 42 outpatients and their 11 therapists rated themselves and each other on Benjamin's Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (SASB) scales. In addition, therapists rated amount of client change and therapy success-failure, based on the outcome section of the Rogers and Dymond (1954) scale, and clients used the Strupp, Fox, and Lessler (1969) questionnaire to evaluate progress-to-date. Clients also completed the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL) at the start of therapy and after they had completed at least 6 treatment sessions. Canonical analyses indicated that when optimally weighted, SASB scores can predict at least 65% of the reported progress variance, lending credence to claims that "reflexive social behavior" and "the relationship" are important determinants of certain aspects of therapeutic outcome. Consistent with previous literature, clients reported more satisfaction with therapy when they perceived their therapists as "warm and freeing," but such perceptions were not systematically related to reported symptom reduction. Unfavorable self-concept ratings by therapists and therapist ratings of clients as "helping or protecting," which suggest role reversal, were negatively associated with symptom amelioration.

Adult↗

PubMed1984

Measuring patient perceptions of the patient-doctor interaction. Development of the PDIS.

Patient satisfaction has been related to patient compliance, doctor-patient information exchange, and continuity of care. However, the construct of patient satisfaction is not well defined; its measurement has typically consisted of the anecdotal generation of questions that may not tap issues of concern to patients. Generally, neither reliability nor validity of the measurement instruments are considered. The present study investigated the construct of patient satisfaction and developed the Smith-Falvo Patient-Doctor Interaction Scale (PDIS), a patient satisfaction scale based on empirically derived dimensions of patient satisfaction. The project consisted of three studies. The first study involved the generation of physician behavior descriptions by 22 family practice center patients. The resultant 1540 descriptions were grouped into 80 reliable categories. In Study 2, a sample of 30 patients rated the behavior descriptions on a 9-point scale from most preferred to least preferred. Multidimensional scaling techniques were applied to the preference ratings, resulting in the identification of two dimensions: general health care delivery and inappropriate interpersonal interactions. The PDIS was then constructed from items salient to these two dimensions. Outcome of the investigation of the reliability and validity of the PDIS in a third study was quite positive.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed1998

Promote customer perceptions of value: the ladder of effects.

Seven categories of measures are typically used by managed care organizations (MCOs) in monitoring and evaluating the effects of demand improvement efforts on their own performance: (1) member participation in specific initiatives, (2) changes in member mind-states, (3) member behavior, (4) member health status, (5) member service use, and (6) health care expenditures, as well as (7) a variety of value-adding side effects. These same seven can be even more useful to MCOs in monitoring and demonstrating the value they are delivering to their customers. The potential for the MCOs to extend the use of these parameters and gain added value for themselves thereby are discussed, and specific examples are offered to illustrate this potential.

Consumer Behavior↗

PubMed1989

Assessing the effects of physician-patient interactions on the outcomes of chronic disease.

Growing interest in the doctor-patient relationship focuses attention on the specific elements of that relationship that affect patients' health outcomes. Data are presented for four clinical trials conducted in varied practice settings among chronically ill patients differing markedly in sociodemographic characteristics. These trials demonstrated that "better health" measured physiologically (blood pressure or blood sugar), behaviorally (functional status), or more subjectively (evaluations of overall health status) was consistently related to specific aspects of physician-patient communication. We conclude that the physician-patient relationship may be an important influence on patients' health outcomes and must be taken into account in light of current changes in the health care delivery system that may place this relationship at risk.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

Factors related to patients' satisfaction with their medical care.

Patient satisfaction has become a frequently researched outcome measure of the quality of health-care delivery. This article reviews research of patient satisfaction after recent, identifiable medical care visits. Results of the reviewed studies are grouped into 13 factors of the medical care setting and of the physicians' competence and relationships to their patients which may be related to patient satisfaction. The factors with the clearest relationship to satisfaction include the accessibility of medical care, the organizational structure of clinics, treatment length, perceived competence of physicians, clarity and retention of physicians' communication to patients, physicians' affiliative behavior, physicians' control, and patients' expectations. Other factors with more complicated or no apparent relationship to satisfaction were mode of payment, clarity of patients' communication to physicians, physicians' personality, patients' sociodemographic characteristics, and patients' health status. The additive and potential interactive effects of these factors are discussed. Additional studies of the interactive aspects of the physician-patient relationship are encouraged, and implications for further research are presented, with emphasis on sampling, measurement, and design issues.

Clinical Competence↗

PubMedDate not supplied

It just really clicked: participant-perceived outcomes of community nutrition education programs.

OBJECTIVE: To understand participant-perceived outcomes of community nutrition education programs by low income adults. DESIGN: A grounded theory approach using qualitative interviews. SETTING: Rural and urban communities in New York State and Pennsylvania. PARTICIPANTS: 18 current and past participants in nutrition education programs for low income adults. PHENOMENA OF INTEREST: Participants' perceived outcomes of community nutrition education programs. ANALYSIS: Qualitative analysis derived from the constant comparative method. RESULTS: Participants described program experiences in three linked thematic areas: (1) a range of motives for program enrollment; (2) current roles, challenges and resources as program contexts; and (3) participant-perceived outcomes experienced throughout the program that were linked to their motives for enrolling. Short- and medium-term outcomes, especially social outcomes, were important to participants; positive experiences were linked to later behavior change by participants, even among those who did not initially report change. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Participant-perceived outcomes and program satisfaction were linked to enrollment motives and modified by whether participants' current worlds provided resources to put learning into practice. Participant inputs such as enrollment motives and resources should be included in planning models, assessed at multiple points, matched to expected program outcomes, and used to guide teaching.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Supervisors matter more than you think: components of a mission-centered organizational climate.

A study was conducted in a medical center among a diverse sample of employees to examine whether components of organizational climate related to workers' knowledge of the organization's mission and mission-centered values. Findings supported a mediated relationship between supervisor behaviors, mission knowledge, and customer service orientation (the organization's key mission value). Employee perceptions of coworker and organizational support and knowledge of their own performance expectations also related positively to customer service orientation. Results suggest that supervisors are in an ideal position to disseminate a mission-centered climate. Practical applications of these findings for management wishing to develop mission-centered climates in health care organizations are discussed.

Academic Medical Centers↗

PubMed2003

New Moves: a school-based obesity prevention program for adolescent girls.

BACKGROUND: This study tests the feasibility of an innovative school-based program for obesity prevention among adolescent girls. New Moves was implemented as a multicomponent, girls-only, high-school physical education class. METHODS: Six schools were equally randomized into intervention and control conditions. Data were collected at baseline, postintervention, and 8-month follow-up to assess program impact on physical activity, eating patterns, self-perceptions, and body mass index (BMI) among 89 girls in the intervention and 112 girls in the control conditions. Program evaluation also included interviews with school staff, parent surveys, and participant interviews and process evaluation surveys. RESULTS: The feasibility of implementing New Moves was high, as indicated by strong satisfaction among participants, parents, and school staff, and by program sustainability. Participants perceived a positive program impact on their physical activity, eating patterns, and self-image. Girls in the intervention significantly progressed in their stage of behavioral change for physical activity from baseline to follow-up. However, for the majority of outcome variables, differences between intervention and control schools at postintervention and follow-up were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: New Moves was well received and fills a needed niche within school physical education programs. An expanded intervention and evaluation is needed to enhance and assess long-term program effectiveness.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1984

Augmentation mammaplasty: the surgical and psychological effects of the operation and prediction of the result.

The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of augmentation mammaplasty on women and to determine if it is possible to predict which women will benefit most from the operation. Interviews were conducted with both women who were about to undergo augmentation mammaplasty and those who had undergone the surgery. These interviews were compared with interviews from a control group composed of a normally distributed population. The women who apply for augmentation mammaplasty are a homogeneous group who experience their breast problems in a very similar way. Our study revealed that they are distinctly different from the control group in personality and childhood environment. Most of the women were generally satisfied with the operation even though many had complaints about the technical result. Certain behaviors had changed, but despite these positive results these changes were not radical and in reality the improvement was not as the women initially described it. The women's behavior reactions rarely changed enough to become similar to the reactions of the control group. Using a personality test, it is possible to predict which women will benefit most from the operation. When an assessment of psychiatric problems was made using the neurosis scale in a personality test, the women who scored low on a scale of neurotic self-assertion were satisfied with the operation to a greater extent.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

The development of a patient satisfaction questionnaire in the ambulatory setting.

Patient satisfaction is of critical interest to medical care providers. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of a patient satisfaction questionnaire. A preliminary 80-item questionnaire was created, and a random sample of 268 family practice patients participated. Subjects rated items on a 4-point Likert scale (strongly disagree, disagree, agree, strongly agree). Items were subjected to a principal components varimax rotated factor analysis and five factors (60 items) were extracted, accounting for 47.5% of the variance. These factors were: satisfaction with physician, dissatisfaction with practice management, physician availability, receptionist behavior, and wait time. Alpha reliability coefficients for factors 1-5 were: .96, .93, .89, .84, and .78, respectively. All items correlated highly with total scores on the respective factors. Factor intercorrelations were all significant (P less than .001) and in the expected direction. Patients with a higher level of education were significantly less satisfied about physician availability than patients without a high school education (P less than .05). Implications of the findings are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1982

A perspective on the similarities among selected concepts of traditional scientific research and clinical counseling.

In an age of increasing reliance on scientific theory and technology, social work, as well as other behavioral science professions, has been challenged to utilize traditional scientific methodology for evaluation of counseling and direct practice services. A dilemma has arisen, however, because practitioners charge that the tools of traditional science lack conceptual relevance and practical utility within the practice setting. Analysis of selected research and counseling concepts, however, will reveal significant similarities between the two areas of practice and will demonstrate a way of teaching the integration of scientific and counseling ideas for the benefit of researchers and practitioners.

Consumer Behavior↗

PubMed1985

Augmentation mammaplasty: the surgical and psychological effects of the operation and prediction of the result.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of using systematic assessment instruments on patient and nurse satisfaction with nursing care.

To determine the effects of using systematic assessment instruments on patient and nurse satisfaction with the nursing process, a single-group, pre- and postintervention quasi-experimental design was used in a three-phase study. In the pre- and postintervention control phases, nurses used a routine clinical assessment instrument to implement the nursing process; in the intervention phase they used the Derdiarian Behavioral System Model (DBSM) self-report and the DBSM-O (observational) instruments. The Comprehensiveness of Nursing Assessment and the System of Practice instruments were used to evaluate the comprehensiveness and quality of care respectively; the Patient-Satisfaction and Nurse-Satisfaction instruments were used to evaluate patient and nurse satisfaction with care. The findings showed that the increase in patient and nurse satisfaction was statistically significant when the DBSM and DBSM-O instruments were used.

Clinical Nursing Research↗

PubMed2002

Health care experiences and preferences of uninsured workers.

An exploratory study of the experiences, beliefs, and preferences of uninsured workers found that uninsured workers are active in seeking solutions to their health care needs and have decided opinions about health care. They use a cost-benefit analysis in deciding which health problems warrant professional attention. However, uninsured workers also exhibit a contradictory pattern of behaviors and beliefs. They say their health is good, yet many have illnesses that they neglect. They are satisfied with the health care services they use, yet they want health insurance because they believe it provides more choice and ensures better care and treatment. They express few negative feelings about Medicaid, yet even among the poorest of these workers, few have recently used Medicaid. These findings can inform policy options being considered.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Effect of patient gender on evaluation of intern performance.

To explore the effect of patient gender on the perceptions of intern performance, 366 patients were interviewed during hospitalization in acute medical services. Women reported being more satisfied with the care they received than did men. In particular, women were more satisfied than men with their intern's demonstration of personal concern. The women placed more importance on personal manner and concern, and their greater satisfaction with these behaviors may have contributed to higher ratings of overall satisfaction. In contrast, the men seemed less satisfied with their intern's personal concern; they also tended to weigh such concern less in determining overall satisfaction. Men considered the presentation of information by the physician and the establishment of dialogue with the physician as more important. The amount of such dialogue may have been inadequate to generate higher levels of overall satisfaction for the men patients.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A new instrument for patients' ratings of physician performance in the hospital setting.

A new instrument to elicit patients' appraisals of physician performance has been developed from a previously-derived taxonomy of desired physician attitudes and behavior. The instrument allows patients to give ratings for their physicians' discrete, observable items of behavior, and also for complex, multidimensional attributes. When the instrument was administered to 131 randomly chosen medical inpatients, the results showed that technical competence and interpersonal (or humanistic) qualities were equally valued, and that physicians received high ratings for most features of performance. Except for less satisfaction in younger patients, clinical and demographic characteristics had little impact on the ratings. The performance characteristics of the instrument appear satisfactory, and its potential applications and proposals for further research are discussed.

Clinical Competence↗