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PubMed1977

The mechanism of damping of the serum thyroxine and triidothyronine levels caused by increasing thyrotropin dosage in mice.

The time course of the effect of bovine TSH (bTSH) on serum concentrations of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) was measured in the normal mouse. The basal, unstimulated levels were 3.2+/-1.1 mug/100 ml T4 and 104+/-25 ng/100 ml T3 (mean+/-SD). With doses of bTSH from 0.5 to 100 mU the peak levels of the thyroid hormones were only 2.6 and 1.8 times the basal level for T4 and T3, respectively. With increasing doses of bTSH there was a proportional prolongation of the increased serum levels of thyroid hormones, i.e., about 2 h for 0.5mU to 12 h for 100 mU TSH. The integrated response with time was linearly related to the log dose. This would suggest a control mechanism which prevents excessive concentration of thyroid hormones in the serum. This pattern of response to TSH differs somewhat from that obtained by following radioiodine release in the McKenzie type bio-assay. To avoid the problems of changing blood concentrations of thyroid hormones and TSH, the release of T4 and T3 from the mouse thyroid was measured in vitro. The secretion increased with bTSH concentrations in the range of 0.02-0.8 mU/ml for T4 and 0.02-0.4 mU/ml for T3. The maximal response was 8.8+/-0.5 ng T4/3h/thyroid and 3.6+/-0.3 ng T3/3h/thyroid as against the basal secretion of 2.4+/-0.2ng T4 and 0.8+/-0.1 ng T3 (mean+/-SEM). Further in crease in bTSH concentration was associated with a decreased rate of thyroid hormone release. Thyroidal cAMP accumulation was enhanced with increasing bTSH concentration, even when there was a decrease in secretion. The dichotomy in the dose-response pattern between the two parameters indicated that the effect of high TSH concentrations on the release was induced at a step beyond cAMP accumulation. This was corroborated by the similar pattern of release induced by increasing concentration of DBcAMP. These findings indicate the existence of an intrathyroidal autoregulatory mechanism which prevents excess increase of thyroid hormone levels in the blood.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Damped oscillations in serum thyroid hormone levels of normal newborn infants.

Exposure to the extrauterine environment is associated with marked stimulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid system after which, pituitary-thyroid equilibrium must be reestablished. This marked endogenous perturbation offers the opportunity to study the manner in which the pituitary-thyroid axis is reequilibrated. T4, T3 and TSH concentrations have been measured by RIA in sera from 440 healthy newborn infants, whose ages ranged from birth to 236 h. Results were analyzed by nonlinear curve-fitting procedures to assess the changes in mean hormone concentrations with age (t). Equations have been derived by Danziger and Elmergreen to allow assessment of oscillatory behavior during hormone equilibration. Applying these equations to the present data, we observed the presence of an oscillatory cosine term in the equation for each hormone. This indicates significant oscillations in serum T4, T3, and TSH concentrations during the first 5 days of life. The period of the oscillations approximates 16 h. The oscillations in T4, lag 1/2 to 3/4 cycle behind TSH; T3 lags behind T4. Thus, disturbances in hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid equilibrium seem to be followed by periodic oscillations in hormone concentrations; these oscillations decrease in amplitude as the negative feedback system establishes new equilibrium conditions.

Aging↗
PubMed2004

An anti-aldosteronic diuretic component (drain dampness) in Polyporus sclerotium.

Polyporus Sclerotium botanically from the Polyporus umbellatus (PERS.) FRIES, was traditionally used for the purpose of promoting diuresis. The present study investigated the diuretic effect of ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one (ergone) which is a maker component according to the chemical assay for its quality standardization. It resulted in a reversion to ordinary value of the urinary ratio of Na/K in deoxycoricosterone acetate (DOCA)-treated and adrenalectomized rats, although it had no this effect on the Na or K contents as well as Na/K value both in normal rats and in adrenalectomized rats without DOCA. These data indicate that ergone possesses an anti-aldosteronic diuretic effect. Moreover, it was identified in the blood and bile of rats after its administration to the gastrointestinal tract. The above results demonstrate that it is an active component of Polyporus Sclerotium.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Resolution of a stochastic weakly damped nonlinear Schrödinger equation by a multilevel numerical method.

We consider a stochastic nonlinear Schrödinger equation related to signal propagation in waveguides and optical fibers. We first describe the modeling of the problem and the desired objectives concerning the transmission. We then present a new multilevel numerical method for its solution, which is based on a separation between low and high frequencies. We show that this method gives results of the same quality with significantly shorter CPU time compared with those of the other numerical methods commonly presented in the literature.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1997

Damping characteristics of teeth with periodontal breakdown: correlation of mobility meter values with bone and attachment loss.

The reaction of the periodontium to a defined percussive force applied in an orofacial direction can be evaluated by a mobility meter. The elastic and viscous characteristics of the periodontium are evaluated by the device from the contact time between tapping head and the tooth, and reported as a numeric value called the PTV. In this study, the relation between PTVs and bone loss (BL), clinical attachment level (CAL), probing depth, bleeding on probing, and plaque and gingival indices were evaluated in 35 patients with moderate to advanced periodontal disease. The effects of gender, smoking, and initial periodontal therapy on PTVs were also evaluated. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to determine whether the relationship between PTVs with CAL and BL was dependent on tooth type. Stepwise multiple linear regression was used to test which of the clinical parameters and bone loss would produce the highest predictive value with PTVs. The effects of gender and smoking on PTVs were examined by analysis of covariance. The changes in clinical parameters and PTVs before and after treatment were evaluated by repeated analysis of variance. PTVs were found to give the highest predictive value with bone loss. However, the correlation was observed to be dependent on the location of the tooth in the jaw and the tooth type. Interproximal and midpoint clinical attachment level measurements showed that PTVs correlated more strongly with the overall support, rather than the support on the direction of the percussive movement. No pronounced differences of PTVs were noted between gender. PTVs of smokers were observed to be higher than non-smokers. There was no significant change of PTVs after the initial phase of periodontal therapy. This cross-sectional study shows that the mobility meter evaluation was primarily related to the amount of bone loss while being significantly affected by the location of the tooth in the jaw. Factors such as severity of gingival and sulcular inflammation, oral hygiene, and gender do not seem to have an effect on PTVs.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Dry, damp, and wet: correlates and presumed consequences of local alcohol ordinances.

Local alcohol ordinances were studied in the state of Tennessee where 28% of the population resides in jurisdictions that forbid the sale of alcohol to the public. Local alcohol ordinances range from "dry" (total prohibition) to "wet" (sale of alcohol permitted through both liquor stores and bars). Two alcohol-related variables (type of alcohol ordinance and number of alcohol outlets per 100,000 population) and four population variables (population size, percent change, percent residing in urban areas, percent non-White) were studied in relationship to four dependent variables (mortality rates resulting from motor vehicle crashes, liver disease and cirrhosis, suicide, and homicide). The results of the analysis suggest that these alcohol availability measures do play a role, directly and indirectly, in causing some socially deleterious behaviors and conditions. However, we would point out that the correlations between our alcohol availability measures and some of the socially injurious behaviors were very weak. The analyses reveal that complex inter-relationships exist between the variables studied such that no easy generalizations are warranted as to the social desirability of one type of alcohol ordinance policy over another since various population and demographic variables strongly interact with the alcohol availability measures in determining their social impact.

Alcohol Drinking↗