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Results for “Developmental Disabilities”

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At least 955 records · Page 53Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

The effect of religious coping on caregiving appraisals of mothers of adults with developmental disabilities.

PURPOSE: This article explores the association between race and religious coping on caregiving appraisals for mothers who coreside with an adult child with mental retardation. DESIGN AND METHODS: 71 Black and 71 White women (aged 50 or older) were matched on demographic characteristics to control for the association between race and socioeconomic status. Structural equation analysis was used to examine the relationship between race, religious coping, and caregiving appraisals. RESULTS: Black women were more likely to use religious coping. Religious coping was associated with higher levels of caregiving satisfaction, but not with burden. Blacks experienced higher levels of caregiving satisfaction. Blacks also experienced higher levels of caregiving burden due to their poor health. IMPLICATIONS: The needs of Blacks should be considered when developing "best practices" in service provision. Culturally sensitive outreach approaches should not ignore the importance of faith and faith-based organizations in the lives of Blacks.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

Effect of fluoxetine on self-injurious behavior in the developmentally disabled: a preliminary study.

Self-injury is common in mentally retarded persons and often unresponsive to pharmacotherapy. Based on the assumption that this maladaptive behavior may be related to central nervous system serotonergic imbalance or dysfunction, an open trial with a serotonin uptake inhibitor was conducted. Twenty-one severely to profoundly mentally retarded persons with aggression and self-injurious behavior were treated with 20-40 mg of fluoxetine daily. Marked improvement occurred in 13 patients, moderate in 4, mild in 2, and no improvement in 2 patients treated for a minimum of 3 months. Positive changes occurred in the areas of self-injury, agitation, emotional lability, and aggression. Only one patient required discontinuation of the medication because of anorexia and weight loss; all other patients tolerated the drug without any significant side effects. All were concurrently taking other psychotropic medications, and no adverse drug interactions were noted. Future trials will focus on more homogeneous patient samples and on the therapeutic interactions between concurrently administered psychotropic medications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Review of fenfluramine in the treatment of the developmental disabilities.

Fenfluramine, a serotonin reducing agent, has been the subject of intense research effort in recent years. A variety of biochemical studies summarized suggest that some autistic children and many nonautistic severely retarded individuals have elevated blood serotonin concentrations. The research on fenfluramine's clinical efficacy is thoroughly reviewed from a methodological perspective. All studies assessing the drug's effects on blood serotonin have observed reductions in whole blood serotonin to about 50% of baseline concentrations. Although there were early reports of drug enhancement of IQ, there is no good evidence that this is the case. However, there are data to suggest that fenfluramine may enhance social relatedness, reduce stereotypic behavior, lessen overactivity, and improve attention span in some autistic children, although these results do not appear consistently across studies. The animal literature on the neurotoxicity of fenfluramine is reviewed, and a number of limitations in this research are identified that raise questions about its relevance to the pharmacotherapy of children.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed1995

The dexamethasone suppression test and the diagnosis of depression in adults with severe and profound developmental disabilities.

The dexamethasone suppression test (DST) was administered to 40 adults with severe and profound mental retardation. All participants were free from known conditions which may have given misleading results from cortisol assay. Of nine participants who showed symptoms possibly indicating depression the DST results concurred in two cases (i.e. there were two true-positives). However there were four or five (depending on criteria adopted) false-positive DST results. There did not appear to be a consistent behavioural profile for positive DST responders. With sensitivity to possible depression estimated at 22%, and a diagnostic confidence of < 35%, these data do not support recommendations that the DST is useful for assisting in diagnosis of depression in this population.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1997

Treatment of multiple sleep problems in children with developmental disabilities: faded bedtime with response cost versus bedtime scheduling.

Sleep problems are a common concern for persons with mental retardation and severe behavior problems, yet few empirically validated treatment options exist. In the current investigation, the efficacy of a faded bedtime with response cost treatment was compared with a bedtime scheduling procedure in treating the multiple sleep problems of two groups of children with mental retardation, sleep problems, and other severe behavior problems. Faded bedtime with response cost (FBRC) consisted of systematic delay of bedtime, removal from bed if sleep was not initiated within 15 minutes (response cost), and a fading procedure to gradually advance the bedtime. The bedtime scheduling procedure consisted of a consistent sleep and wake time and prevention of daytime sleep. The sleep of children in the FBRC group improved significantly more than the sleep of children in the bedtime scheduling group. Results are discussed in terms of behavioral and biological mechanisms which may contribute to the efficacy of FBRC.

Child↗
PubMed1990

The Missouri Elks Mobile Dental Program--dental care for developmentally disabled persons.

This article describes the origins, funding, organization, operation, utilization, and outreach program of a statewide mobile dental program for the disabled in Missouri. The article includes information based on analysis of productivity reports and patient records. Comparisons are made between the utilization by mentally retarded (MR) and other disabled patients (MCCS), their county of residence, and the location where service was provided (rural vs urban). The mean number of dental procedures provided per client was 7.3. More procedures (8.35) were provided to urban clients than rural clients (5.81). The utilization rate of urban MR clients was 63.9 percent, compared to 60 percent for rural MR clients. Other findings show 10.7 percent urban MCCS clients utilized the mobile dental program, versus 13.5 percent of the rural MCCS clients. The budgeted expenditures for providing care to this underserved group were $46,000 less than the estimated value of dental care provided in a private practice setting.

Adolescent↗