SEARCH · PubMed Health
Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
In a general study devoted to the dangers and disasters connected with hearing appliances for the deaf, the author reviews the minor disadvantages of hearing aids, the technical incidents, the complications affecting the external ear, stresses and accidents caused by labyrinthine intolerance and discusses the possible effect on cochlear reserve of the continual use of a prosthesis both in children and adults.
UNLABELLED: The aim of the study was to determine the correlation between proliferation and apoptosis in cholesteatoma epithelium with that in normal skin. Cholesteatomas were collected from 20 patients during surgical procedures. 13 normal skin preparations collected from outside of the external ear were used as controls. Dako detective kit with Ki-67 antigen and PCNA was used to assess cell proliferation. Immunohistochemical reaction intensities in the cells were determined. Mebstain Apoptosis kit Direct with antigen APO 2.7 were used to estimate apoptosis. Positive PCNA cells in the suprabasal layer were observed in 9 preparations, 9--in parabasal layer, and in 2--in both basal and stromal layers. Skin preparations showed decreased proliferative ability in comparison to cholesteatoma epithelium. The presence of Ki-67 antigen was presented in cell nuclei of parabasal and stromal layers mainly. Apoptotic cells were detected in suprabasal, prickle and granular cell layers of cholesteatoma epithelium. CONCLUSIONS: 1. Proliferation and apoptosis are significantly higher in cholesteatoma epithelium as compared with the epidermis of the skin. 2. Proliferative activity and apoptosis were observed mainly in the suprabasal layers in the cholesteatoma epithelium. 3. Hyperproliferation and apoptosis in cholesteatoma do not depend on the thickness of the epithelium.
A stapes gusher is an alarming situation occurring during stapes surgery for mixed hearing loss. It is characterized by the sudden profuse flow of cerebrospinal fluid in the middle ear and external ear canal after opening the vestibule of the inner ear. An adult patient with unilateral stapes gusher is described; he was operated on both ears with a good hearing result on both sides. The stapes on the side with the cerebrospinal fluid leak was malformed, especially in the posterior crus--a finding which may suggest the possibility of a stapes gusher. The small-hole stapedotomy is a safe technique when dealing with a profuse cerebrospinal fluid leak, and it enables the closure of the leak with additional tamponade of the oval niche and the achievement of a good hearing result.
Monoamniotic twins are rare, with a double survival rate of only 40%. Congenital anomalies, while more common among twins in general, are particularly common in monoamniotic twins, with the increase principally the result of structural defects. Discordant phenotypes have been reported, but a malformation of the external ear in one twin has not. In a case of double survival of monoamniotic twins, one had left microtia and a single umbilical artery.
The purpose of this article was to review the embryology of the external ear, as related to the clinical finding of accessory tragus (ear tags). Medical management of the accessory tragus is discussed, as well as differential diagnoses and associated syndromes. A general clinical description of accessory tragus is described, and 2 specific cases in pediatric patients are presented.
About 25%-30% of the primary malignant melanomas occur in the head and neck region and of these less than 10% arise on the external ear, mainly on helix and the lobule of the pinna. Melanoma thickness and nodal or distant metastases are advers factors for its prognosis. We report a case of a tumor that affected the right pinna and was removed by our ENT, department with good evolution, being the patient free of disease after 5 years follow-up.
The authors described the case of leiomyoma of soft tissues of external ear auricle. It was arising from the wound due to ear ring sticking.
Four cases of microtia association with hemifacial aplasia were repaired by one-stage reconstruction. The operations included external ear reconstruction and correction of facial deformity with free vascularized dermis fat flaps. All were successful, the results were satisfied. The method and the device of the operation are described in detail. The advantages of the technique are discussed.
We report a case of Kimura's disease of the external ear occurring in a 30-year-old woman. Subcutaneous masses removed from auricular lesions showed histologic features of Kimura's disease including many lymphoid follicles in the dermis, around which marked infiltrations of tissue eosinophils and mast cells, fibrosis, and vascular proliferation were seen. Immunohistochemical study by peroxidase-anti-peroxidase complex method showed IgE deposition in the lymph follicles. Infiltrating cells of extrafollicular lesions were also shown to include many mast cells which were IgE-positive in cell membranes and Giemsa-positive on cytoplasmic granules. In addition, we tried to examine the distribution of IgE Fc receptor (Fc epsilon R) by avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) method with specifically reacting monoclonal antibody to Fc epsilon R (H107). In the germinal centers of the lymph follicles, Fc epsilon R distributed with a lacynetwork pattern. The staining pattern of dendritic reticulum cells (DAKO-DRC) was similar to that of H107. These findings indicate that Fc epsilon R on follicular dendritic cells have a close relationship to the IgE immune response and also play an important role in the pathogenesis of Kimura's disease.
Report on a woman patient, 69 years of age, suffering from a recurrent extensive basalioma of the external ear that was considered inoperable, as the tumour had invaded the petrous bone, the parotid gland, the mandibular joint, and the adjacent nerves. Because of unbearable pain it was decided to perform a radical operation with resection of the tumour, the petrous bone, the parotid gland, the ascending mandibular branch, the facial nerve, and part of the oral mucous membrane. The exposed large cervical vessels, dura mater, and the bony skull--of which the periosteum had to be removed--were primarily covered with a large pectoral muscle island flap and an occipital advanced flap. Twenty-four months after surgery the patient had no relapse and was free from pain.
A 42-year-old female sustained a partial transection of the internal carotid artery at the base of the skull from a stab wound of the external ear. The clinical presentation and technical aspects of the surgical treatment are presented. The lesion could not be repaired and was successfully treated by ligation. The various techniques of operative exposure of challenging and unusual high carotid injuries which can be employed to eliminate the risk of cerebral embolism, false aneurysm formation, or carotid artery thrombosis associated with conservative management are reviewed.
Otoplasty is a common cosmetic surgical procedure. Various techniques have been described through the years, many of these addressing only specific aspects of the deformity rather than overall correction of the multiple defects that often occur. To achieve optimal results, an understanding of the embryology of the external ear and an appreciation of the development of otoplasty techniques are useful. Current surgical concepts are emphasized and the authors' graduated approach to otoplasty is presented. Thirty-five cases over a four-year period are reviewed. All achieved a satisfactory cosmetic result; there were 5 complications, 3 being due to Mustarde suture pull-away. Two of these required revision, and revision was also required in another patient who developed a hypertrophic scar. The remaining complication was a minor suture granuloma.
The acute auricular haematoma following a blow to the external ear presents a number of treatment options. If a satisfactory final cosmetic result is to be obtained a minor surgical procedure of one sort or another must be performed to prevent a 'cauliflower ear'. Simple needle aspiration is often insufficient to prevent this complication. Different procedures are reviewed and a simple, reliable technique for treating the acute auricular haematoma is described.
Hemifacial microsomia (HFM) and the branchio-oto-renal syndrome (BOR) are both associated with malformations of the external ears; preauricular tags, pits, or sinuses; and conductive or mixed hearing loss. Other overlapping features have been described, including cervical appendages containing cartilage in HFM, and facial paresis in BOR; however, the significance of these findings has not been discussed by previous authors. The purpose of this paper is to describe four additional propositi with overlapping features of BOR and HFM. In two cases there is a positive family history of either first and second branchial arch anomalies or malformation of the kidney. Two cases appear to be sporadic. The overlapping clinical features suggest that in some families HFM may constitute a component toward the severe end of the spectrum of the autosomal dominant BOR syndrome. The empiric recurrence risk for HFM was 3% in one study. If our interpretation of these reported cases is correct, genetic recurrence risks for individuals in these families may fall in the range of an autosomal dominant condition. Since expression of both conditions varies widely, and minor manifestations may be overlooked, the importance of careful evaluation of first- and second-degree relatives is emphasized.
Fourteen of 29 proprietary sunscreen formulations, including suntan promoters, were found to be comedogenic when applied to the external ear canal of albino rabbits. Ultraviolet exposures enhanced the comedogenic effect. The vehicles, rather than the UV-absorbing compounds, seemed to be responsible. accordingly, sunscreen acne may be a subtype of acne cosmetica. A sampling of UV absorbers showed these agents to be noncomedogenic.
Localization of the epidermal G2-chalone in tissues has been established by means of indirect method of Coons using a monospecific immune serum. It has been found in dermal epithelia of the back, external ear, tongue, esophagus, forestomach, vagina, hairy follicles, but it has not been found in the sebaceous glands and derma. These findings are fully in agreement with the results obtained by the method of double diffusion after Ouchterlony. Tissue specificity of G2-chalone is proved by the fact that at places where epithelia differing histogenetically join with each other, it is found only in the epithelia of the epidermal type. Within the epithelial layer G2-chalone is mainly localized in the spinous and partly in the basal cells. Possible mechanisms on regulation of the mitotic activity are discussed in connection with the data obtained.
Aural fistula is a congenital deformity of the external ear relatively common in Orientals and rare in Caucasians. Suppuration tends to occur, and chemotherapy rather than surgical drainage should be attempted. However, the lack of information concerning infected aural fistulas has made appropriate chemotherapy difficult. Microorganisms isolated from 13 cases of infected aural fistulas were studied from January 1981 to December 1982. Six species and 22 strains were isolated; nonsporeforming faculative anaerobes were detected in 12 cases. The isolated pathogens included Peptococcus sp (10 cases), Peptostreptococcus sp (3), Bacteroides sp (3), and Fusobacterium sp (2). One case exhibited only Staphylococcus aureus. Our data also stresses the etiologic importance of anaerobic gram-positive cocci in infected aural fistulas.
Various methods for repair of loss of substance in the auriculotemporal region using adjacent flaps are described. A musculocutaneous flap from the trapezius provides a reliable, effective solution which enables eventual total reconstruction of the external ear to be envisaged.