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PubMed2001

Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity to newly excysted juvenile Fasciola hepatica in vitro is mediated by reactive nitrogen intermediates.

Passive intraperitoneal transfer of sera from Fasciola hepatica-infected sheep, cattle or rats can protect naive rats from F. hepatica infection, suggesting a parasite killing mechanism within the peritoneal cavity that is dependent on the presence of parasite-specific antibody. We investigated antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity by resident peritoneal lavage cell populations, containing large numbers of monocytes/macrophages, as a potential host resistance mechanism by which juvenile flukes could be killed within the peritoneal cavity of naive rats. Comparative studies were conducted using cell populations containing large numbers of monocytes/macrophages from sheep. The results demonstrate that monocyte/macrophage-rich lavage cell populations from rat and sheep differ substantially in their ability to generate nitric oxide. Only resident rat peritoneal lavage cells were able to mediate antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity against newly excysted juvenile liver fluke. The mechanism of cytotoxicity was dependent on, and directly proportional to, the production of nitric oxide and required attachment of effector cells to the newly excysted juvenile liver fluke tegument, which occurred following the addition of sera from F. hepatica-infected animals. This is the first report demonstrating a mechanism of cell-mediated cytotoxicity to newly excysted juvenile liver fluke.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Does Fasciola hepatica infection modify the response of acute hepatitis C virus infection to IFN-alpha treatment?

Immunologic response to acute hepatitis C is mainly a Th1 response, whereas fasciolopsiasis is associated with a diverse T-cell response. Interferon-alpha has immunomodulatory effects and enhances Th1 immune response. Fasciola infection could theoretically interfere with the Th1 immune response, even when acquired after an initial response to interferon-alpha treatment for acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. We report here the case of a male patient who acquired Fasciola hepatica infection after an initial response to IFN-alpha therapy with a favorable outcome.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2002

Time-course analysis of coproantigens in rats infected and challenged with Fasciola hepatica.

The influence of a challenge infection during an acute or chronic primary infection on Fasciola hepatica-coproantigen kinetics was established in rats. Egg-output and IgG humoral responses were also established. Two primary-infected groups were reinfected at different periods, one 4 weeks after primary infection (w.p.i.) (acute phase) and the other 11 w.p.i. (chronic phase). Another group remained without reinfection as a control. Coproantigens were first detected in the group challenged on acute fascioliasis. The highest values of coproantigens were recorded in the group reinfected during acute fascioliasis and the lowest in the group challenged during chronic fascioliasis. The IgG responses to F. hepatica excretory/secretory antigens increased after reinfection. Neither the egg output nor the parasitic burden were significantly different among the three infected groups. Our results indicate that the time of challenge affects the kinetics of coproantigens. Thus, challenge during acute fascioliasis favours the migration of the juvenile flukes from the primary infection to the bile ducts, and is responsible for the earlier presence of coproantigens in these animals. The possible relationship between coproantigen detection and T1 and T2 tegumentary antigens is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

The influence of heavy metal emissions and Fasciola hepatica infestation on the immunogenicity of a Listeria vaccine.

The effect of oral dosing with emissions containing heavy metals (mercury, lead, copper, cadmium, zinc and chromium) on immune status was tested in 3 groups of sheep. Two groups (Groups I and II) were given emissions for 15 d. One of these groups (Group I) was then also infested with Fasciola hepatica metacercaria on day 16. These 2 groups (Groups I and II) and a control group (Group C) were immunized with a Listeria vaccine on days 8 and 22. A decreased index of metabolic response (IMR) of phagocytes and reduced responses of lymphocytes to mitogenic activation with phytohemagglutinin and L monocytogenes antigen stimulation in the leukocyte migration-inhibition test were recorded. Decreased agglutination titers of serum antibodies against L monocytogenes were observed. The F hepatica infestation had no significant effect on the migration index or IMR.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1980

Effects of hexachlorethane on the milk yields of dairy cows in north Florida infected with Fasciola hepatica.

Hexachlorethane was evaluated as a fasciolicide in dairy cattle under field conditions. After treatment with hexachlorethane, Fasciola hepatica-infected cows had a significant (P = 0.05) average daily milk yield increase (90 to 120 days after treatment) of + 4.2 kg/day (+ 5.0 kg/day for single treatment and + 4.0 kg/day for double treatment) over daily yields of the previous lactation. Nontreated controls and noninfected treated animals did not have significant gains over yields of the previous lactation. A 73.0% efficacy was observed against egg production by F hepatica after a single treatment of 90 g of hexachlorethane/animal. After a 2- to 3-month interval, a second treatment produced a combined treatment efficacy against fluke egg production of 91.2%.

Animals↗