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Results for “Hand Strength”

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At least 955 records · Page 53Linked to original sources

PubMed1996

Radial opening wedge osteotomy in Madelung's deformity.

Radiopalmar opening wedge osteotomy was used in 11 female patients (12 wrists) with Madelung's deformity who ranged in age from 9 to 31 years. Five patients met the radiographic criteria for generalized dyschondrosteosis. Clinically, there was dissatisfaction with the appearance of the wrist. The principal motion deficits were in radiocarpal extension and forearm pronosupination associated with varying degrees of discomfort with sustained activity. All had a decreased radioulnar angle, lunate subluxation shown radiographically, and various degrees of dorsal subluxation of the ulnar head. Indications for surgery were pain, limited motion, cosmetic appearance, and progressive deformity in two immature patients. Biplanar corrective opening wedge osteotomy of the radius was performed with iliac crest graft. Three patients had an added ulnar recession. Fixation was with a plate or Kirschner wire. Supplementary distracting external fixation was used in six cases. The follow-up period averaged 48 months. Pain relief in all patients was satisfactory. Range of motion and grip strength were not influenced. The radioulnar angle improved by 11 degrees, but lunate subluxation was minimally changed. Length of the forearm and bowed appearance of the forearm were improved. Reduction of the radioulnar joints was improved but remained incongruous.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Temporal changes in grip and pinch strength after open carpal tunnel release and the effect of ligament reconstruction.

Symptoms of pain and weakness are nearly ubiquitous after carpal tunnel release. This study investigates the length of time before restoration of grip and pinch strength after open carpal tunnel release, in a population of patients without workers' compensation-related injuries. Two different forms of carpal ligament reconstruction were carried out in 2 groups of patients, and a third group underwent no ligament reconstruction. Grip and pinch strengths were measured for participants in each group both preoperatively and at set postoperative intervals. Mean changes in strength were calculated and analysis of variance used to determine statistical significance of the changes. Grip strength at 6 weeks after surgery in the group that underwent transposition flap repair exceeded preoperative grip strength values and all 3 groups surpassed preoperative grip strength measurements at 12 weeks. By 6 weeks after surgery, all pinch measurements for 3 groups equaled or exceeded preoperative pinch measurements. The transposition flap repair group recovered faster than did the other 2 groups and surpassed those groups in maximum grip and pinch strength at 12 weeks. These results suggest that transverse carpal ligament reconstruction, particularly the transposition flap technique, after open carpal tunnel release confers a mechanical advantage and that the transverse carpal ligament is an important pulley in flexor tendon excursion.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome↗

PubMed2003

Open treatment of stage III Kienböck's disease with lunate revascularization compared with arthroscopic treatment without revascularization.

PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to compare the results of open scaphocapitate fusion and revascularization with the results of arthroscopic scaphocapitate fusion and capitate pole excision. TYPE OF STUDY: Prospective randomized study. METHODS: Between April 1997 and January 2000, 16 consecutive patients (5 men and 11 women with a mean age of 31 years [range, 18 to 61]) presenting with Kienböck's disease stage IIIA and stage IIIB were randomized to either open scaphocapitate fusion and lunate revascularization (group I) or fully arthroscopic scaphocapitate fusion and capitate pole excision (group II) groups. Cannulated 3.5-mm ASIF screws were used for the purpose of scaphocapitate fixation in both groups. Operation time, hospital stay, time to fusion, range of wrist motion at final follow-up, grip strength, and return to unrestricted activities of daily living were evaluated at 33 months' follow-up. RESULTS: The mean operating time (153 v 99 minutes), hospital stay (3.6 v 2.3 days), and return to unrestricted daily activities (15 v 5.8 weeks) were shorter in group II. Average time to radiographically evident fusion was shorter in group I (7.25 weeks v 9 weeks). There was a significant increase in grip strength and in range of motion at final follow-up in both groups, and the final grip strength and range of motion was not different between the groups. There were no major complications in either group. CONCLUSIONS: Although the number of patients was small and the follow-up period was short, arthroscopic scaphocapitate fusion and capitate pole excision in stage IIIA and IIIB Kienböck's disease resulted in shorter operating time, shorter hospital stay, earlier return to unrestricted daily activities, and equal range of motion and grip strength as compared with open scaphocapitate fusion and lunate revascularization. Determination of specific surgical indications for the benefits of arthroscopic treatment of Kienböck's disease must be analyzed in larger studies.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed2004

Activities and impairments in the early stage of rehabilitation after Colles' fracture.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate problems in performing activities after Colles' fracture, and to correlate activity limitations with impairments in the early stage of rehabilitation. METHOD: Assessments were performed 1 and 5 weeks after removing plaster casts. A client-specific instrument, The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, and a disease-specific dichotomous scale of 10 activities of daily living were used. Range of motion, grip strength, pain and dexterity were also assessed according to standardized methods. RESULTS: Thirty-three women, aged 51-87 years, with Colles' fracture treated with closed reduction and a plaster cast participated. Highly significant statistical and clinical improvements were found in the capacity, number and performance of activities. Problems were mainly classified as self-care activities at 1 week, and as productivity activities at 5 weeks, while problems in leisure activities were practically the same. However, one-third of the patients were not able to perform all basic activities of daily living at 5 weeks. Improvements in pain frequency, range of motion, grip strength and dexterity did not correlate very well with improvements in performance or the patients' satisfaction with the performance of their activities. CONCLUSIONS: The importance of assessing both impairments and activities in patients with Colles' fracture must be stressed.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed1997

Immediate postoperative enteral feeding results in impaired respiratory mechanics and decreased mobility.

OBJECTIVE: The authors set out to determine whether immediate enteral feeding minimizes early postoperative decreases in handgrip and respiratory muscle strength. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Muscle strength decreases considerably after major surgical procedures. Enteral feeding has been shown to restore strength rapidly in other clinical settings. METHODS: A randomized, controlled, nonblinded clinical trial was conducted in patients undergoing esophagectomy or pancreatoduodenectomy who received immediate postoperative enteral feeding via jejunostomy (fed, n = 13), or no enteral feeding during the first 6 postoperative days (unfed, n = 15). Handgrip strength, vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) were measured before surgery and on postoperative days 2, 4, and 6. Fatigue and vigor were evaluated before surgery and on postoperative day 6. Mobility was assessed daily after surgery using a standardized descriptive scale. Postoperative urine biochemistry was evaluated in daily 24-hour collections. RESULTS: Postoperative vital capacity (p < 0.05) and FEV1 (p = 0.07) were consistently lower (18%-29%) in the fed group than in the unfed group, whereas grip strength and maximal inspiratory pressure were not significantly different. Postoperative mobility also was lower in the fed patients (p < 0.05) and tended to recover less rapidly (p = 0.07). Fatigue increased and vigor decreased after surgery (both p < or = 0.001), but changes were similar in the fed and unfed groups. Intensive care unit and postoperative hospital stay did not differ between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Immediate postoperative jejunal feeding was associated with impaired respiratory mechanics and postoperative mobility and did not influence the loss of muscle strength or the increase in fatigue, which occurred after major surgery. Immediate postoperative enteral feeding should not be routine in well-nourished patients at low risk of nutrition-related complications.

Age Factors↗

PubMed2003

Muscle strength and endurance do not significantly vary across 3 phases of the menstrual cycle in moderately active premenopausal women.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate muscle strength and muscle endurance in women during 3 well-determined phases of the menstrual cycle: early follicular phase, ovulation phase, and midluteal phase. DESIGN: Prospective, within-woman analysis was performed of muscle strength and muscle endurance by repeated measures analysis of variance in 3 hormonally verified phases of 2 consecutive menstrual cycles. PARTICIPANTS: Fifteen female subjects with moderate physical activity level and regular menstrual cycles volunteered to participate in the study. Analyses are based on 10 subjects who completed 2 consecutive menstrual cycles with hormonally verified phases. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Handgrip strength, 1-leg hop test, isokinetic muscle strength, and muscle endurance were measured in 2 consecutive menstrual cycles in the early follicular phase, in the ovulation phase, and in the midluteal phase. Isokinetic muscle strength and endurance were tested with knee extension exercise on a standard instrument. Menstrual cycle phases were determined by analysis of sex hormone levels in serum, and ovulation was detected by luteinizing hormone surge in urine. RESULTS: No significant variation in muscle strength or muscle endurance could be detected during different well-determined phases of the menstrual cycle. CONCLUSIONS: This study detected no significant variation in muscle strength and muscle endurance during the menstrual cycle. In contrast to other studies showing variations in strength and endurance during the menstrual cycle, the present study was hormonally validated and was repeated in 2 consecutive menstrual cycles. However, it is unknown whether these data in moderately active university students would be relevant to the highly trained woman athlete.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Weight change and lower body disability in older Mexican Americans.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the association between 2-year weight change and onset of lower body disability over time in older Mexican Americans. DESIGN: Data were from the Hispanic Established Population for the Epidemiological Study of the Elderly (1993-2001). Weight change was examined by comparing baseline weight to weight at 2-year follow-up. Incidence of lower body disability was studied from the end of this period through an additional 5 years. SETTING: Five southwestern states: Texas, New Mexico, Colorado, Arizona, and California. PARTICIPANTS: One thousand seven hundred thirty-seven noninstitutionalized Mexican-American men and women aged 65 and older who reported no limitation in activities of daily living (ADLs) and were able to perform the walk test at 2-year follow-up. MEASUREMENTS: In-home interviews assessed sociodemographic factors, self-reported physician diagnoses of medical conditions (arthritis, diabetes mellitus, heart attack, stroke, hip fracture, and cancer), self-reported ADLs, depressive symptoms, and number of hospitalizations. Cognitive function, handgrip muscle strength, and body mass index (BMI) were obtained. The outcomes were any limitation of lower body ADL (walking across a small room, bathing, transferring from a bed to a chair, and using the toilet) and limitation on the walk test over subsequent 5-year follow-up period. General Estimation Equation (GEE) was used to estimate lower body disability over time. RESULTS: Weight change of 5% or more occurred in 42.3% of the participants; 21.7% lost weight, 20.6% gained weight, and 57.7% had stable weight. Using GEE analysis, with stable weight as the reference, weight loss of 5% or more was associated with greater risk of any lower body ADL limitation (odds ratio (OR)=1.43, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.06-1.95) and walking limitation (OR=1.35, 95% CI=1.03-1.76) after controlling for sociodemographic variables and BMI at baseline. Weight gain of 5% or more was associated with greater risk of any lower body ADL limitation (OR=1.39, 95% CI=1.02-1.89), after controlling for sociodemographic variables and BMI at baseline. When medical conditions, handgrip muscle strength, high depressive symptomatology, cognitive function, and hospitalization were added to the equation, the relationship between 2-year weight change (>5% loss or >5% gain) and lower body disability decreased. CONCLUSION: Health conditions and muscle strength partially mediate the association between weight loss or gain and future loss of ability to walk and independently perform ADLs.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed2005

Evaluation of fatigue in U.S. patients with primary biliary cirrhosis.

OBJECTIVES: Fatigue, which may have a significant impact on quality of life, is the most common reported symptom in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). Multiple instruments to quantify fatigue and quality of life in liver disease have been validated, but have not been broadly applied to U.S. PBC patients. This study examines the extent of fatigue and its effect on quality of life in U.S. PBC patients. METHODS: Seventy patients with PBC were administered two validated questionnaires about quality of life (the Mayo version of the NIDDK-QA) and fatigue (the Fisk Fatigue Impact Score) and a proposed physical measure of fatigue in PBC (the grip strength test) on the day of routine physician visit. Nonparametric methods were employed. RESULTS: The fatigue and quality of life domain scores (physical functioning, liver symptoms, health satisfaction, Karnofsky index) discriminated between patients with and without self-reported fatigue (p < 0.05), as opposed to the grip strength results. Fatigue and quality of life domains correlated strongly with each other (r between 0.33 and 0.74, p</= 0.006) and not with the grip strength results. Neither quality of life nor fatigue scores correlated with age. CONCLUSIONS: The correlation between fatigue and quality of life scores suggests fatigue has an impact on quality of life in U.S. primary biliary cirrhosis patients. However, our fatigue scores suggest U.S. PBC patients have less fatigue than non-U.S. PBC patients. The grip strength is an insensitive measure of fatigue in U.S. PBC patients.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Grip strength norms for elderly women.

As part of community health screenings, the grip strength of 113 independently ambulatory women (M age=75.2 +/- 7.3 yr.) was measured. Norms derived from the measurements are presented and compared with (a) norms reported for similar procedures about 20 years ago and (b) values for disabled women.

Aged↗

PubMed2000

Aircraft control forces and EMG activity in a UH-1H Iroquois helicopter during emergency maneuvers.

BACKGROUND: Some air forces are concerned with the adequacy of existing pilot selection standards in respect to pilot strength. Some studies have provided evidence that a large number of pilots may not be able to match the control force levels specified in both military and civilian aircraft design standards. However, both sets of design standards have been based on the subjective comments of test pilots and may not, therefore, be applicable for the majority of pilots. The aim of this study was to quantify aircraft control forces during emergency maneuvers in an Iroquois helicopter and compare these forces with design standards. The examination of muscle activation patterns of pilots during maneuvers, when normalized, can provide additional information on the relative activation levels that pilots are using to produce the aircraft control forces. METHODS: Six pilots were tested in a UH-1 H Iroquois helicopter. The maneuvers were three engine-out landings and a hydraulics-off landing. The variables recorded were pilot applied forces and EMG activity. Multivariate analysis of variance was used to test for differences between maneuvers. RESULTS: The greatest cyclic and upward collective control forces were observed during constant attitude and variable flare engine-out landings. The greatest downward collective forces were observed during hydraulics-off landing. Greater levels of muscle activation were consistently observed during hydraulics-off landing than during the engine-out landings. Control forces consistently exceeded military design standards for cyclic and collective controls, however muscle activity levels were sub-maximal for all maneuvers. CONCLUSION: Comparisons between existing aircraft control-force design standards and pilot strength may overestimate the number of pilots who are able to produce sufficient force to fly the aircraft. Despite the high control forces observed, all pilots tested were able to successfully maneuver the helicopter without requiring a maximal muscular effort.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Effect of 1-year oral administration of dehydroepiandrosterone to 60- to 80-year-old individuals on muscle function and cross-sectional area: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: The age-related decline of dehydroepiandrosterone and its sulfate ester levels is thought to be related to the development of age-associated usual modifications, such as neuromuscular function impairments. It is often claimed that individuals can enhance their muscular capacity by boosting dehydroepiandrosterone levels through oral supplementation. However, to our knowledge, there have been no controlled studies on a significant number of individuals demonstrating positive effects on the neuromuscular system. This study determines if 1-year administration of a replacement dose of dehydroepiandrosterone, 50 mg/d, orally administered, could have a beneficial influence on several determinants of the muscular function altered during aging. METHODS: This work was completed within the frame of the DHEAge Study, which was conducted in France from March 1, 1998, to October 31, 1999. It was performed on 280 healthy ambulatory and independent men and women aged 60 to 80 years. The study design was a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate serum concentration, handgrip strength, isometric and isokinetic knee muscle strength, and thigh (fat and muscle) cross-sectional area were analyzed before and just after 12 months of placebo or dehydroepiandrosterone treatment. RESULTS: The results give evidence that dehydroepiandrosterone administration restores dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate serum concentrations to the normal range for young adults (aged 20-50 years). However, no positive effect inherent to dehydroepiandrosterone treatment was observed either on muscle strength or in muscle and fat cross-sectional areas. CONCLUSIONS: The compensation of the deficit of dehydroepiandrosterone during aging using a 50-mg/d dose does not induce beneficial effects on muscle state in healthy subjects. The conditions in which dehydroepiandrosterone could contribute to preserve or improve muscle strength and morphological features still need to be determined.

Aged↗

PubMed2004

Arthroscopic resection in the management of dorsal wrist ganglions: results with a minimum 2-year follow-up period.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this report is to review the results of arthroscopic resection of dorsal wrist ganglions. METHODS: Forty-one patients with dorsal wrist ganglions had arthroscopic resection: 24 women and 17 men. The average patient age was 29.8 years. All of the patients had some or all of the following: pain, localized swelling, and limited range of motion. Along with clinical examination, 19 wrists had ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging to confirm diagnosis. Twelve patients had previous injections with recurrence. The average follow-up time to date is 47.8 months (range, 28-97 months). RESULTS: Overall postoperative motion improved compared with preoperative values. No cases of scapholunate instability were noted. The average postoperative grip strength improved significantly. Only 2 ganglions recurred and required 2 attempts at open resection for successful eradication the ganglion. No major intraoperative or postoperative complications occurred. CONCLUSION: Arthroscopic ganglionectomy is a safe and reliable alternative to open resection.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1983

[Trapeziectomy in rhizarthrosis].

The purpose of this study is to determine the place of trapeziectomy among the various surgical treatments of osteoarthritis of the trapezio-metacarpal joint. We have had 25 cases with seemingly satisfactory results. Loss of strength, which is given as a frequent objection to this method, has not generally been found in our series. Careful repair of the capsule and prolonged postoperative immobilization appear all-important to us and are a guaranty for good postoperative stability.

Carpal Bones↗

PubMed2005

Forearm torque strengths and discomfort profiles in pronation and supination.

This experiment investigated maximum forearm pronation and supination torques and forearm discomfort, for intermittent torque exertions in supine and prone forearm angles for the right arm. Twenty-two subjects participated in the study that comprised two parts, the first of which involved measurement of maximum forearm torque in both twisting directions at five forearm angles including neutral. This was followed by endurance tests at 50% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) in both directions. The second part of the study involved subjects performing 5-min duration of intermittent isometric torque exercises at 20% MVC in both directions at 11 forearm angles. Regression equations were developed that accurately predict torques as a function of forearm angle expressed as a percentage of maximum motion. Analysis of the discomfort data for the intermittent isometric torque exertions indicated that both forearm angle and twisting direction significantly affected forearm discomfort (p < 0.001). A significant two-way interaction (p < 0.01) was identified between forearm angle and direction for supine forearm angles only. The results provide important strength and discomfort models for the design of tasks involving static or repetitive forearm twisting. Such tasks have a strong association with forearm injuries including lateral and medial epicondylitis. These results provide needed data on the risk factors associated with these injuries so they can be prevented.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Fixation of distal radius fractures using a fragment-specific system.

UNLABELLED: Operative treatment for distal radius fractures continues to evolve, but small-fragment fixation has some advantages compared with previous methods. We assessed two groups of patients. Group 1 was an initial series of patients treated with small-fragment fixation at a large institution in the United States, and Group 2 was a review of patients treated in Lund, Sweden. The first group was evaluated for return to routine activity. Return to work or routine daily activity averaged 6 weeks (range, 3-16 weeks). The second group was evaluated for early grip strength and range of motion compared with the uninjured extremity. The grip strength at final followup averaged 67% compared with the uninjured extremity. Wrist flexion averaged 46 degrees, extension averaged 57 degrees, pronation averaged 80 degrees, and supination averaged 73 degrees. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic study, level IV.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Individual differences in reactivity to the rewarding/aversive properties of drugs: assessment by taste and place conditioning.

The ability of individual differences in the strength of conditioned taste avoidance (CTA) to predict strength of place conditioning produced by the same drug was assessed. In Phase 1, rats were assigned to High CTA and Low CTA groups on the basis of their intake of saccharin solution previously paired with morphine, amphetamine, lithium, or fenfluramine. In Phase 2, the rats received place conditioning training with the same drug used during Phase 1. The rats that displayed the strongest amphetamine-induced CTA also displayed the strongest amphetamine-induced place preference, suggesting that a common mechanism mediates both effects. On the other hand, the strength of the CTA was unrelated to the strength of the place preference or place aversion produced by morphine, lithium, or fenfluramine.

Amphetamine↗

PubMed2005

Anatomic reconstruction of the distal radioulnar ligaments: long-term results.

Chronic post-traumatic dynamic distal radioulnar joint instability following rupture of the distal radioulnar ligaments may cause disabling and progressive ulnar-sided wrist symptoms. We use a free tendon graft to anatomically reconstruct both dorsal and palmar distal radioulnar ligaments simultaneously. Nine patients who underwent this procedure between 1990 and 1997 were assessed using a modified Mayo Wrist Score. Following surgery, average wrist scores improved from 66 (95% CI, +/-3.0) to 92 (95% CI, 92+/-6.9) and were maintained in the long term (average score, 87 at 9 years). Joint stability was restored and maintained in seven of the nine patients, but two developed recurrent instability. Pain, grip strength and function were better following surgery in the short and long term. Range of supination and pronation decreased slightly from an average of 169 degrees pre-operatively to 155 degrees (90% of normal) in the long term. Long-term radiographs show no distal radioulnar or ulnocarpal joint osteoarthritis.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Relationship between acrylamide reproductive and neurotoxicity in male rats.

To determine whether there is a relationship between the reproductive and neurotoxic effects of acrylamide monomer (AM), the first week of the study design of Sublet et al. ¿14 was duplicated: Long-Evans male rats were gavaged with AM in water, 25/group, at 0, 5, 15, 30, 45, or 60 mg/kg/day for 5 days (days 1 through 5). On Day 8, males were paired overnight with untreated virgin females (1 : 1) in proestrus/estrus. On day 9, males were evaluated for forelimb and hindlimb grip strength. Five males/group were perfusion fixed, 20/group were used for andrologic assessment, and all were necropsied. Perfusion-fixed sciatic nerves were examined histologically. Sperm-positive females were examined for preimplantation and postimplantation loss at midpregnancy. At 15 to 60 mg/kg/day, males exhibited significantly reduced weight gain, reduced mating, fertility, and pregnancy indices by trend analysis (significant at 60 mg/kg/d by pairwise comparison), and increased postimplantation loss and dominant lethal factor, F(L)%, at 45 and 60 mg/kg/day. At 60 mg/kg/day, the sperm beat cross frequency was increased, with no significant effects on epididymal sperm motility or concentration, and hindlimb grip strength was decreased, with no pathologic lesions in sciatic nerves. Therefore, epididymal sperm, mating, and neurotoxic effects were observed at AM doses that also resulted in increased postimplantation loss, possibly by different mechanisms.

Acrylamide↗