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PubMed1992

Imaginative play in children with mental retardation.

We examined the play behavior of 18 kindergarten children without mental retardation and 55 children with different levels of mental retardation, all with a developmental age of 4 to 5 years, and found few differences between the groups with regard to activity, types and quality of play, and play content. Qualitative differences as described in the literature were not confirmed. This may have been due to (a) the play situation, which was an individual contact with a stimulating adult and/or (b) the fact that MA and not CA was the standard of comparison. Consequently, mild to moderate mental retardation seems in itself insufficient reason to exclude children from play intervention programs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

The idea of imagination: an analysis of "imagery".

BACKGROUND: Although the benefits of guided imagery are now more widely recognized, the definitions of imagery used by various health science disciplines are inconsistent. PURPOSE: To conduct an analysis of the concept of imagery as understood among the health science professions. METHODS: An inductive, descriptive means of inquiry was used to clarify the concept of imagery. Data were analyzed by categories: surrogates, attributes, contextual information (antecedents; consequences), related terms, and references. FINDINGS: The prevailing surrogate term for mental imagery is visualization. Attributes of imagery include psychophysiological, mental, quasi-reality, dynamic, and process. References include therapeutic settings. CONCLUSIONS: This concept analysis has led to the following working definition: "Imagery, a mental function, is a lived experience that is a dynamic, quasi-real, psychophysiological process." The analysis was intended to identify consensus on the concept of imagery within the health professions, and provide a foundation for further research.

Concept Formation↗