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At least 955 records · Page 53Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Differences in postoperative opioid consumption in patients prescribed patient-controlled analgesia versus intramuscular injection.

The purpose of this study was to examine differences in opioid consumption in patients prescribed patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) versus intramuscular injection (IMI) in the early postoperative period after open abdominal surgery. A retrospective audit of 115 patients elicited demographic and clinical data. No significant differences were found between the demographic variables of the PCA and IMI groups. There was a significant difference in the mean opioid dose used during the first 3 postoperative days (p < .01). Mean opioid consumption was 136.89 mg for the PCA group and 50.79 mg for the IMI group. Although there was a reduction in the amount of opioid consumed over the first 3 postoperative days, the PCA group consistently consumed more opioid analgesia compared with the IMI group. Furthermore, there was a disproportionate reduction in opioid consumption between the two groups from Day 1 (r = .34; p < .01) to Day 3 (r = .14; p = .14). This study shows that the amount of analgesia consumed during the postoperative period by patients who had abdominal surgery varied markedly depending on the mode of analgesia (PCA or IMI). The difference in analgesic consumption was also found to increase throughout the 3-day postoperative period. This divergence in the amount of opioid consumption between patients who were prescribed PCA and patients who were prescribed IM analgesia heightens the need for vigilance in assessment and management of pain during the early postoperative period, particularly in patients prescribed IM analgesia on an "as-needed" basis.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Necrotizing fasciitis due to Streptococcus pneumoniae after intramuscular injection of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: report of 2 cases and review.

Two cases of pneumococcal necrotizing fasciitis (NF) occurred after intramuscular injections of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; another 5 cases reported in the literature fulfilled the criteria for NF involving Streptococcus pneumoniae. Conditions associated with alterations of immune function could be identified in 6 of the 7 cases; 2 patients died despite surgical and antimicrobial treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Correlates of pediatric behavior and distress during intramuscular injections for invasive dental procedures.

Relations between general behavior, temperament, and procedure-related behavior and distress were examined in children receiving intramuscular injections before undergoing restorative dental procedures. Younger children are likely to benefit the most from interventions prior to and during dental procedures. Children's anxiety before dental procedures could help identify those at risk of displaying problematic behaviors. General behavior and temperament seem useful at identiying children who may experience greater levels of pain.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1982

Changes in the blood glucose and liver glycogen contents of healthy and trypanosome infected fish, Clarias batrachus, following intramuscular injection of glucose solution.

Changes in the blood glucose and liver glycogen contents in healthy and trypanosome infected fish Clarias following the intramuscular injection of glucose solution showed a rise in both the parameters within an hour. Peak levels were obtained almost simultaneously by the 2 groups in both the tissues. However, there was a rapid rise and an equally rapid decline of increased carbohydrate contents in the trypanosome infected fishes. This is attributed to the rapid consumption of sugars by the trypanosomes in diseased fish, besides replenishment of sugar reserves of various body tissues from the liver via blood.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Unilateral intramuscular injections of acidic saline produce a bilateral, long-lasting hyperalgesia.

This study characterizes an animal model of persistent mechanical hyperalgesia induced by repeated intramuscular injections of low pH saline. Saline at pH 4, 5, 6, or 7.2 was injected twice, 2 to 10 days apart, into the gastrocnemius muscle of rats. To quantify hyperalgesia, paw withdrawal latency to radiant heat (heat hyperalgesia) and withdrawal threshold to mechanical stimuli (mechanical hyperalgesia) were measured. Two unilateral injections of low pH saline, 5 days apart, caused a pH-dependent bilateral mechanical, but not heat, hyperalgesia that lasted 30 days. Injections given 2 and 5 days apart produced a significantly greater mechanical hyperalgesia than injections given 10 days apart. Lidocaine injection into the gastrocnemius muscle or unilateral dorsal rhizotomy, 24 h after the second injection (pH 4), had no effect on the contralateral mechanical hyperalgesia. Minimal histopathology was observed in the injected muscle, and changes were similar between groups injected with pH 4 and pH 7.2. Thus, this new model of widespread, chronic muscle-induced pain is unrelated to tissue damage and is not maintained by continued primary afferent input from the site of injury.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Soft tissue pseudotumor following intramuscular injection of "DPT": a pitfall in magnetic resonance imaging.

We report the time-dependent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) changes that resulted from an intramuscular injection of a commonly-used pediatric sedation regiment ("DPT"). These changes at the site of injection consist of a focal abnormality characterized by a slight increase in signal intensity on T1 weighted images and markedly increased signal intensity on T2 weighted images. Alterations in signal are detectable almost immediately after the injection and progress over the first 31 hours. This abnormality, which could be mistaken for real disease, persists up to 36 days following injection.

Child↗
PubMed2006

[Initial efficacy of intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin type A against cervical dystonia and general muscular hypertonia in persons with severe motor and intellectual disabilities].

We introduced an intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin type A (hereafter, BTX-A) in 5 cases of cervical dystonia (CD) with generalized muscular hypertonia (GMH). The patients all had severe motor and intellectual disabilities (SMID). The initial injections (first and second) of BTX-A exerted a focal muscular relaxant effect in all 5 cases. It is interesting that they decreased hypertonia in the lower extremities, which resulted in an improved activity of daily living (ADL) in 4 cases (80%). This fact reveals the involvement of many muscles in regard to CD and GMH, especially in patients with severe cerebral palsy. As for adverse effects, a mild increase of saliva and cough indicated transient misswallowing in 2 cases (40%) and changes in the pattern of head movement and posture in 2 cases (40%). These effects were all mild and did not disturb ADL in any patient. BTX-A is considered to be safer and worthier of trying to decrease complaints related to CD and GMH than we expected. Furthermore, a modified Tsui's score cannot explain the many benefits from BTX-A in the treatment of SMID. For a reliable assessment of BTX-A therapy used to treat CD and GMH, especially in persons with SMID, more expressible and specific assessment methods will need to be established.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intramuscular injection practices of pediatric nurses: site selection.

A survey of staff nurses in childrens' hospitals revealed some gross deficits in nursing practice related to intramuscular injections for children. The authors review relevant literature and discuss study findings related to site description, boundaries, site selection, and complications. Implications for nurse educators are presented.

Arm↗
PubMed1998

Dendritic cells internalize vaccine adjuvant after intramuscular injection.

Vaccine adjuvants help antigens elicit rapid, potent, and long-lasting immune responses. The lack of understanding of the immunological mechanism of action of adjuvants has limited the rational development of vaccines for human use. In particular, little is known about how the immune system processes adjuvants. The goal of the present study was to determine the fate of the vaccine adjuvant MF59, labeled with the fluorescent dye Dil, after injection with fluorescein-labeled gD2 antigen from type 2 herpes simplex virus. At 3 h after intramuscular injection into BALB/c mice, most of the MF59 was still in the form of extracellular droplets in the muscle, but a detectable fraction of the MF59 was in cells in the subcapsular sinus of draining inguinal lymph nodes. At 48 h, most of the MF59 at the site of injection was inside cells that were immunoreactive for the dendritic cell markers DEC-205 and MHC class II molecules, reflecting the interaction of MF59 with antigen presenting cells. At this time, intracellular MF59 was also abundant in the paracortical (T cell) region of lymph nodes. The gD2 antigen was also intracellular in muscle and colocalized MF59 at 48 h, and the presence of MF59 increased the amount of intracellular antigen. Similarly, serological antibody titers to gD2 were 207-fold higher after two injections when MF59 was administered with the antigen. These findings suggest that MF59 interacts with antigen presenting cells at the site of injection and then moves to the draining lymph nodes, where it increases the efficiency of antigen presentation to T cells.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed2000

Plasmid DNA vaccines: investigation of integration into host cellular DNA following intramuscular injection in mice.

The primary safety concern for DNA vaccines is their potential to integrate into the host cell genome. We describe an integration assay based on purification of high-molecular-weight genomic DNA away from free plasmid using gel electrophoresis, such that the genomic DNA can then be assayed for integrated plasmid using a sensitive PCR method. The assay sensitivity was approximately 1 plasmid copy/microg DNA (representing approximately 150,000 diploid cells). Using this assay, we carried out integration studies of three different plasmid DNA vaccines, containing either the influenza hemagglutinin, influenza matrix or HIV gag gene. Six weeks after intramuscular injection, free plasmid was detected in treated muscle at levels ranging from approximately 1,000 to 4,000 copies/microg DNA. At 6 months, the plasmid levels ranged between 200 and 800 copies/microg DNA. Gel purification of genomic DNA revealed that essentially all of the detectable plasmid in treated quadriceps was extrachromosomal. If integration had occurred, the frequency was </= 1-8 integrations per 150,000 diploid cells, which would be at least three orders of magnitude below the spontaneous mutation rate. Our results suggest that the risk of mutation due to integration of plasmid DNA vaccines following intramuscular injection is negligible.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Intramuscular injection of 125I-botulinum neurotoxin-complex versus 125I-botulinum-free neurotoxin: time course of tissue distribution.

The diffusion from the site of intramuscular injection of 900 kDa botulinum neurotoxin-hemagglutinin complex (BoNT/A-complex) and 150 kDa free-botulinum neurotoxin (free-BoNT/A) was compared. Radioiodinated compounds were injected into the gastrocnemius muscle of rats (70Units (U) 125I-BoNT/A-complex, 67 or 344 U free-125I-BoNT/A, or free-125I-iodide) and the eyelids of rabbits (24 U 125I-BoNT/A-complex or 108 U free-125I-BoNT/A), and measured in various tissues at different time points. There were no detectable systemic effects or generalized botulinum neurotoxin toxicity in either rats or rabbits, indicating that most of the toxin, whether as 125I-BoNT/A-complex or free-125I-BoNT/A, remained at the injection site. In rats, 125I-BoNT/A-complex and free-125I-BoNT/A diffused in a pattern that was grossly similar. Almost no radioactivity was recovered from the brain. Radioactivity recovered from distant tissues (thyroid, skin, and contralateral muscle) was primarily attributable to either low molecular weight 125I-containing peptides or 125I-iodide. After injection into rabbit eyelids, neither 125I-BoNT/A-complex nor free-125I-BoNT/A spread to distant structures, including the eye. The results indicate that most of the neurotoxin does not diffuse from the injection site, whether in free or complexed form, and this may reduce the potential for systemic effects.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Phase I trial of intramuscular injection of a recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 2 alphal-antitrypsin (AAT) vector in AAT-deficient adults.

A phase I trial of intramuscular injection of a recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 2 (rAAV2) alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT) vector was performed in 12 AAT-deficient adults, 10 of whom were male. All subjects were either homozygous for the most common AAT mutation (a missense mutation designated PI*Z) or compound heterozygous for PI*Z and another mutation known to cause disease. There were four dose cohorts, ranging from 2.1 x 10(12) vector genomes (VG) to 6.9 x 10(13) VG, with three subjects per cohort. Subjects were injected sequentially in a dose-escalating fashion with a minimum of 14 days between patients. Subjects who had been receiving AAT protein replacement discontinued that therapy 28 days before vector administration. There were no vector-related serious adverse events in any of the 12 participants. Vector DNA sequences were detected in the blood between 1 and 3 days after injection in nearly all patients receiving doses of 6.9 x 10(12) VG or higher. Anti-AAV2 capsid antibodies were present and rose after vector injection, but no other immune responses were detected. One subject who had not been receiving protein replacement exhibited low-level expression of wild-type M-AAT in the serum (82 nM), which was detectable 30 days after receiving an injection of 2.1 x 10(13) VG. Unfortunately, residual but declining M-AAT levels from the washout of the protein replacement elevated background levels sufficiently to obscure any possible vector expression in that range in most of the other individuals in the higher dose cohorts.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Menstrual regulation by intramuscular injections of 16-phenoxy-tetranor PGE2 methyl sulfonylamide (sulprostone). A multicentre study. World Health Organization.

In a previous study we have shown that three intramuscular injections of 0.5 mg of the prostaglandin analogue, sulprostone (16-phenoxy-W-17,18,19,20-tetranor PGE2 methyl sulfonylamide), were equally effective as vacuum aspiration for menstrual regulation in women with a delay of up to 21 days in the onset of expected menses. To assess whether lower doses of the prostaglandin could be effective if treatment were restricted to women with a delay of menses of up to 14 days, a multicentre trial investigated the effect of two injections of 0.25 mg sulprostone given with a 4-h interval. After an interim analysis showed a clinically unacceptable low rate of complete abortion (41%) amongst the 64 pregnant women thus treated, the dose was doubled to two injections of 0.5 mg. In the group of 51 pregnant women treated with the increased dose, the frequency of complete abortion (67%) was significantly higher although still well below the 91% success rate achieved in our previous study. Both the duration and the subjective vaginal blood loss were greater in women with complete abortion than in those with incomplete abortion or continuing pregnancy. It is concluded that the sulprostone dose used in our previous study (3 x 0.5 mg) represents the minimal, required dose for menstrual regulation.

Abortifacient Agents↗
PubMed1976

"Second generation" prostaglandins: midtrimester pregnancy termination by intramuscular injection of a 15-methyl analog of prostaglandin F2alpha.

Eighty midtrimester gravid patients were treated with prostaglandin 15(S)-15-methyl Fa alpha by repeated intramuscular injections of 250 mug at 2-hour intervals for the elective termination of pregnancy. A success rate of 97.5% was achieved, with a mean initiation-to-abortion time of 17.2 +/- 1.0 hours. Gastrointestinal side effects were prominent but no serious complications occurred. Serial serum progesterone determinations and continuous intra-amniotic pressure recording were carried out in selected cases and correlated with abortifacient activity. This method of pregnancy termination appears particularly suitable for use in the early midtrimester of gestation.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed2003

[Quadriceps fibrosis following intramuscular injections into the thigh: apropos of 92 cases at the Ignace Deen Central University Hospital in Conakry].

Analysis of 92 cases of quadriceps fibrosis following intramuscular injection into the thigh showed that the most affected age group was 3- to 7-year-old preschool children with a male predominance (68.7%). The most implicated drug (81.7% of cases) was quinine salts after of mean of 2 injections. Stiffness of the knee was the most outstanding clinical sign. In our series, the efficient technique for prompt functional recovery consisted of lengthening the quadriceps tendon by isolated "Z" plasty (56.5% of cases). Administration of drugs in oral, rectal or intravenous forms is the most effective means of prevention.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Intramuscular injection techniques and the development of clostridial myositis or cellulitis in horses.

A survey of 584 veterinarians in equine practice was performed to determine their intramuscular injection techniques and the influence of those techniques on the development of clostridial myositis or cellulitis. Usable responses were obtained from 439 veterinarians (75.2%). Of these, 414 used a new needle and syringe for each injection, 241 swabbed the site with a cleansing/disinfectant agent, and 242 swabbed the top of multidose injection bottles with a similar solution. Only 2 clipped the hair at the injection site. Twenty eight of the respondents reported that at least 1 horse developed a clostridial infection at the injection site following 1 of their injections. None of the various injection techniques had a significant influence on the development of clostridial infection at the injection site.

Animals↗