PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Injections, Spinal”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 955 records · Page 53Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Lasting reduction of severe spasticity after ending chronic treatment with intrathecal baclofen.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the dose of intrathecal baclofen necessary for a sufficient reduction of muscle tone and spasms changes during treatment of severe spasticity. METHODS: A group of 27 patients received intrathecal baclofen for 61 (SD 18) months. RESULTS: Spasticity remained absent or strongly reduced after stopping the intrathecal baclofen infusion in seven patients. The dose of baclofen could be reduced to 40% of that dose which was originally necessary in 10 patients. The dose remained the same or increased slightly in 10 patients. Possible reasons for the continuing reduction of spasticity after terminating long term intrathecal baclofen infusion in some patients could be: lasting morphological changes in spinal cord neurons by second messenger controlled modulation of gene expression, a toxic effect of baclofen on spinal neurons, muscular atrophy, inflammation due to the catheter, or progression of multiple sclerosis. CONCLUSIONS: A higher initial daily dose of intrathecal baclofen might lead to a faster, lasting suppression of spasticity and the development of spastic symptoms might even be prevented by pre-emptive treatment with baclofen in patients with newly acquired lesions of the spinal cord.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

MR evaluation of stenosis involving the neural foramina, lateral recesses, and central canal of the lumbosacral spine.

MR imaging depicts the levels, sides, and severity of physical stenoses of the central spinal canal, the lateral recesses, and the neural foramina--diagnostic information crucial for the symptomatic patient under consideration for surgical correction. In the future, it is probable that MR imaging, using standard static techniques, flow-sensitive studies, and noncontrast, intravenous gadolinium-enhanced or intrathecal gadolinium-enhanced acquisitions, will probably replace all other imaging modalities in the primary evaluation of the various subtypes of spinal stenoses.

Contrast Media↗
PubMed2005

Acute analgesic effect of loperamide as compared to morphine after intrathecal administration in rat.

Loperamide, a mu opioid receptor agonist, which is commonly used as an antidiarrhoeal agent has been reported to possess analgesic activity after intrathecal administration. However, the exact analgesic profile, i.e., onset, duration and intensity of analgesia in relation to morphine is not fully known. In the present study, the acute analgesic effect of loperamide (5 microg) was compared with that of morphine (5 microg) and morphine + loperamide (5 microg of each) using the tail flick method after intrathecal administration. Naloxone (5 mg/kg) reversibility of the analgesic effect was also studied. The analgesic response of loperamide was significantly higher than morphine. Even after 22 hr, maximum possible effect was greater than 49%. Naloxone partially antagonized the analgesic effect of loperamide. This suggested that loperamide may be acting through blockade of Ca2+ channels besides activating mu opioid receptors. Loperamide may prove to be a better substitute for morphine as spinal analgesic.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1984

Cardiovascular effects in the rat of intrathecal injections of apomorphine at the thoracic spinal cord level.

Intrathecal (i.t.) administration of apomorphine at the upper thoracic level lowered blood pressure and heart rate in awake rats. This decrease was dose-dependent and competitively antagonized by haloperidol (i.v. and i.t.) or domperidone (i.t.) but not by domperidone (i.v.). Furthermore, these effects of apomorphine were not affected by alpha- and beta-blocking drugs (i.t.). The results suggest a spinal site, at least in part, for the cardiovascular effect of apomorphine.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Use of intrathecal baclofen administered by programmable infusion pumps in resistent spasticity.

On the basis of previous experimental and clinical studies patients with severe spasticity due to spinal cord damage from multiple sclerosis in 8 cases and postraumatic paraplegia in 6 and resistent to all conservative treatments were selected for a trial with morphine and baclofen administered intrathecally through a catheter placed in the spinal subarachnoid space rostral to the affected segments and attached to a subcutaneous reservoir. Whereas morphine single injection did not show any benefit, baclofen bolus injection 30 to 60 micrograms, revealed a marked decrease of spasticity and associated symptoms in 8 cases. After checking the clinical effect during 3 weeks and changes in electroneurophysiological studies and bladder manometry the catheter was attached to a subcutaneous programmable pump able to be refilled percutaneously and administered baclofen continuously or more often following a multistep complex programme in total doses of 90 to 150 micrograms per day. After a mean follow-up of 5 months all cases showed an absence of spasms and pain, a notable improvement for bettering of sphincter functions and a marked muscle relaxation that improves motor capacity, leading to increased ambulation or mobility. Neither complications nor side-effects were observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Concentration-dependent changes in motor behavior produced by continuous intrathecal infusion of excitatory amino acids in the rat spinal cord.

A growing body of evidence has suggested that glutamate receptors mediate selective degeneration of neurons in the central nervous system during the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Glutamate receptors are divided into N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-type and non-NMDA-type. Neurotoxicity mediated by the latter has attracted much interest as a possible causative mechanism underlying amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). As the clinical course of ALS is chronic and progressive, investigation of chronic effects of non-NMDA receptor agonists on neuronal function would be useful for evaluating the role of glutamate receptor-mediated neurotoxicity in ALS. However, chronic non-NMDA receptor-mediated neurotoxicity has been investigated less thoroughly than acute neurotoxicity. We infused an aqueous solution of R,S-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA) intrathecally and continuously by an osmotic minipump in rats. This method of continuous infusion enabled us to keep the drug concentration relatively constant in the cerebrospinal fluid surrounding the spinal cord. The present method of AMPA administration is more suitable for investigating ALS pathogenesis than acute injections, in view of the gradual progression of the disease and the selectivity of lesions produced.

6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione↗
PubMed1999

Treatment alternatives for spinal cord injury related spasticity.

Spasticity is a disorder of the motor system that occurs after injury to the central nervous system, which may increase the disability of an individual with spinal cord injury (SCI). Treatment options detailed in this review include rehabilitation techniques and modalities, pharmacological options, injection techniques, intrathecal baclofen, and surgery. This review will hopefully help health professionals to be aware of the treatment alternatives available for patients with SCI related spasticity.

Baclofen↗