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At least 955 records · Page 53Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Cost sharing and the changing pattern of employer-sponsored health benefits.

The perception that employers have been redesigning group health benefits to encourage more cost-effective use is distorted by limited study methods. New estimates of initiatives undertaken by larger private-sector employers--based on nationally representative data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics--reveal a more uncertain picture of cost containment. Cost sharing for initial hospital stays was broadened between 1981 and 1985, but coverage in most other areas--categories of care, lifetime benefit limits, etc.--was actually increased. Real health care expenditures will continue to grow absent more significant employee cost sharing.

Community Participation↗
PubMed2006

[Costs of occupational diseases and accidents at work in Poland].

BACKGROUND: The costs of occupational diseases and accidents at work in the state members of the European Union keep at a level of several percent of their gross national product (GNP). Employees, employers and the society as a whole have to incur this financial burden. Therefore, all social partners should be involved in the improvement of health and safety in the work environment through their concerted efforts. It should be pointed out that information in the field of economy is an inherent instrument of all activities. It allows to estimate economic consequences of occupational diseases and accidents at work as well as to formulate future strategies. The aim of this study was to estimate and assess the range of the expenditure of money on occupational diseases and accidents at work in Poland in 2004. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The algorithm for estimating economic consequences of occupational diseases and accidents at work was developed, taking into account, e.g., the selected components of the costs, the estimation of economic consequences for the national economy, and the costs incurred by employers and social insurance institutions. In addition, the model for estimating economic consequences and defining the range of expenditure of money on occupational diseases and accidents at work relative to indicators of socioeconomic situation of the country was constructed. Economic consequences are understood as costs incurred by the health care and social insurance systems in Poland, institutions, companies, and individual employees. RESULTS: The following cost components were estimated: the average-annual costs of lost production, sickness benefits, social insurance benefits and those incurred by enterprises related with accidents at work and occupational diseases. CONCLUSIONS: Due to the lack of complete, reliable information essential for estimating economic consequences, a number of assumptions and study limitations were accepted. The range of identified and estimated costs of occupational diseases and accidents at work was set relative to GNP and to the value added in the national economy. Bearing in mind that the costs of occupational diseases and accidents at work are underestimated, it can be concluded that their share in values characteristic of the national economy do not depart from average values recorded in European countries.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed2000

[Need for and availability of services by nursing insurance for patients with rheumatoid arthritis].

UNLABELLED: Although rheumatoid arthritis is amongst those functional disabling diseases requiring massive help and care, there is as yet no study on how RA patients master their everyday lives, nor are there reports on how many of those patients are in need of and/or do in fact receive benefits from the German Nursing Care Insurance. METHODS: In a representative sample of considerably disabled RA patients (functional capacity < 67%) in rheumatological care it was investigated how many patients received nursing care insurance benefits and how many more would have been entitled to receive them. Standardized interviews exploring functional capacity, amount of help and care needed and help-seeking behaviour were conducted to determine which patient-related and resource-related characteristics were associated with unmet need regarding the patients entitlement to benefits of nursing care insurance. Using the relation between justified need for nursing care insurance benefits and the functional status score, a coefficient was computed by logistic regression to project the expected proportion of RA patients entitled to care insurance benefits. RESULTS: A projected 5.4% of all RA patients needed benefits from the nursing care insurance, but only 63% of those did in fact receive benefits. It was found that unmet need was almost exclusively due to the fact that patients actually eligible for insurance benefits did not apply for it, whereas unjustified rejection of applications by insurance experts made up for only a marginal proportion. CONCLUSION: Applying for nursing care insurance benefits is still not a matter of course. It must be considered that about one third of all obviously care-dependent RA patients either claim care insurance benefits too late or never do. To avoid unmet need, experts should encourage particularly those patients who are unaware of their right to ask for help.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The employed uninsured and the role of public policy.

Although most private health insurance is obtained through the workplace, important gaps remain in the present system of employment-related coverage. National survey data reveal that more than 9 million persons with employment experience are uninsured, who, with their uninsured dependents, account for three-quarters of all persons who lack coverage. This paper examines the circumstances and characteristics of the employed uninsured, including their opportunity to secure health insurance fringe benefits, their medical care use and expenditures, and the benefits available in private insurance that is not work related. Alternative public policy responses to the problem of lack of health insurance coverage are also considered.

Adolescent↗