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PubMed1993

Intellectual disability. The counselling of parents and family.

A sympathetic general practitioners who is aware of the problems encountered by these families has a vital role in their health care. Families who face a lifetime of dealing with a myriad of problems appreciate having an accessible counsellor they are comfortable with. Being aware of the process of adaptation undergone by the family enables practitioners to do their job more effectively. Disability and its effect on the family is a worthwhile challenge for holistic family practitioners.

Child↗
PubMed1995

Multiple personality disorder in an intellectually disabled man: a case report.

The case of a young man with the dual diagnoses of severe intellectual handicap (IQ 30 and mental age 4 years) and Multiple Personality Disorder is presented. The intellectual handicap is probably due to hypoxia in infancy and the Multiple Personality Disorder follows prolonged physical and sexual abuse. The patient frequently switches between any of nine discrete but incompletely formed identities. Although some personalities seem more capable than others, all have similar levels of disability on testing. The diagnosis of psychiatric disorders coexistent with the intellectual handicap is hindered by the difficulty in separating psychiatric phenomena from the behavioural disturbances associated with the disability. Differential diagnosis and management are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Aging in adults with intellectual disabilities.

A cross-sequential design was used to examine changes related to aging in adults with and without Down syndrome (ns = 55 and 75, respectively). Adults received yearly neuropsychological and medical evaluations. Support for precocious aging in adults with Down syndrome was evident only on a test of verbal fluency, with weaker support obtained on a test of fine-motor skills. Cross-sectional age differences for all adults were obtained on tests of memory and community living skills. General intellectual level, gender, and psychiatric status were consistently related to performance, indicating the need to examine such mediating variables in studies on aging.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1998

A community survey of children with severe intellectual disability and their families: psychological adjustment, carer distress and the effect of respite care.

The present paper describes a cross-sectional study of the psychosocial adjustment of 143 children with severe disability and their families identified from a regional case register for children with special needs. Thirty-eight per cent of the children had significant psychiatric morbidity. By contrast, the overall level of distress in carers was not that different from probable community prevalence figures. Nevertheless, distress among carers was consistently associated with increased disability in the child. Although respite care is a valuable resource for many carers, its use is indicative of underlying distress in the carer.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1996

A demographic study of polydipsia in an institution for the intellectually disabled.

OBJECTIVE: To measure the prevalence of primary polydipsia in an Ontario institution for residents with developmental disabilities and to explore the associations of polydipsia with age, sex and level of mental retardation. METHOD: All 798 residents were screened for polydipsia using a behavioural questionnaire completed by caregivers. RESULTS: Thirty-three cases were detected: the prevalence among the mobile resident population (n = 660) was 5%. We found no association of polydipsia with age, sex, or level of mental retardation. CONCLUSIONS: Physicians should be aware of polydipsia because it is common among residents with moderate, severe, and profound mental disability. Unless screened for specifically, polydipsia may go unrecognized and may place the residents with mental handicap at risk for serious acute and chronic complications.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

The adaptation of mothers of children with intellectual disability in Lebanon.

In many Middle Eastern countries, including Lebanon, there is a stigma attached to families who have an intellectually impaired child. These families complain of isolation and lack of community resources that could help them cope with their circumstances to optimize the child's abilities. Health professionals and researchers should be cognizant of factors related to the process of stress adaptation to help families cope with their circumstances. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to identify factors that play a role in mothers' adaptation to the care of their intellectually impaired children. The results, based on a sample of 127 mothers from Lebanon, reveal that a high percentage of mothers had depressive symptoms. Multiple regression analysis demonstrates that by order of importance, the factors that determine maternal depression are family strain, parental stress, and family income. The conclusions about nursing implications from a cultural perspective are discussed and recommendations proposed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1985

A report on voluntary sterilisation with special reference to minors and women who are intellectually disabled.

There are no specific legislative provisions regulating sterilisation in any State or Territory in Australia and there is a dearth of general case law on the subject. To determine the law relating to sterilisation, we need to consider both criminal and civil liability. In the absence of specific statutory provisions, it is necessary to examine the common law and the possible application of non-specific statutory provisions in both areas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Facing stress and conflict: a comparison of the predicted responses and self-concepts of aggressive and non-aggressive people with intellectual disability.

The present research consisted of two studies. A total of 44 participants were involved in the first study: 22 individuals with problems of aggression (Ag) and 22 non-aggressive (NAg) individuals. A sentence completion test was used to explore whether there were differences between the two groups' predicted coping responses in stressful situations. While the Ag group provided most aggressive responses, the NAg participants were more assertive. However, gender differences also emerged, with women proving to be less aggressive. A high number of passive answers were given across all the groups, suggesting that background experience could have influenced the participants' sense of efficacy in stressful situations. In the second study, a subsample of the participants were interviewed. The aim was to explore whether particular background experience coloured their perceptions of self and others, in situations of conflict. While nine out of the 10 Ag participants described incidents where they felt treated in a derogatory manner which could be linked to their disability, only two out of the nine NAg participants felt slighted in this fashion. Hence, a vulnerable sense of self could contribute to greater sensitivity in interpersonal situations, increasing the likelihood of an aggressive response. The clinical relevance of this work is discussed, alongside the possibilities for future research in this area.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Patterns of leisure participation among adolescents with a mild intellectual disability.

The aim of this study was to investigate the leisure and recreational activities of a cohort of 34 students attending a full-time special school as reported by the students and their parents. Leisure activities which were mostly solitary and passive in nature were identified as those being most commonly engaged in. Barriers to leisure were also identified, with 'access to' and 'location of' the leisure facilities being barriers perceived by both students and parents. Data on aspects of leisure use, e.g. enjoyment, participation, assistance required, socialization and choice, were also collected.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

The Epilepsy Outcome Scale: the development of a measure for use with carers of people with epilepsy plus intellectual disability.

This paper describes the development of a new scale for the assessment of epilepsy in people with learning disabilities. The scale was developed and validated in consultation with principal carers, and reflects their concerns about seizures, their impact and their treatment. Further testing of the scale revealed high internal consistency, testretest reliability and a robust factor structure. The scale can be completed in 5-10 min and may be useful as an outcome measure both in clinical practice and in research trials.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Engagement in meaningful activity and "active support" of people with intellectual disabilities in residential care.

Forty-nine adults with learning disabilities living in 13 small staffed homes in England were studied as part of larger projects in 1997 and again in 2000. A pre-test/post-test comparison group design was used to assess differences in staff implementation of "active support," service user engagement in meaningful activities and adaptive behaviour. Homes which adopted active support showed significantly increased engagement in meaningful activity and adaptive behaviour between 1997 and 2000. A comparison group showed no significant change.

Activities of Daily Living↗